• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제35권4호
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• pp.256-262
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: 'Shiranuhi' mandarin is one of the popular citrus cultivars in Jeju Island, Korea. However, the emergence of scion roots since the past few years has altered its flowering, fruiting, and quality. Girdling of branches is one of the methods of increasing flowering in citrus trees. METHODS AND RESULTS: This experiment was conducted to determine the effect of girdling on the flowering and yields of scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin hybrid. We selected normal trees without scion roots as controls. The trees with scion roots were divided into two groups: trees without girdling and with girdling on main branches. Each group contained five replications and the experiment was conducted in Gosan and Harye of Jeju Island. The scion rooted trees revealed severely decreased flowering and low flowering/leaf ratios; however, the leaf/fruit ratio significantly increased. But, girdling on main branches significantly increased flowering and the flowering/leaf ratio. In the scion rooted trees, yields dropped due to poor flowering; however, girdling of branches efficiently improved the yields of the trees. Fruit quality, fruit size, and fruit weight of scion rooted trees were low in comparison with the control, whereas girdling of the branches improved flowering and the fruit weight to some extent. No significant difference in soluble solid contents was observed. CONCLUSION: Girdling is an effective method to induce flowering of the scion rooted 'Shiranuhi' mandarin trees. In addition, yields of scion rooted trees were improved.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2012년도 제42회 동계 정기 학술대회 초록집
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• pp.362-363
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• 2012

A new cross-linkable polymer, cross-linked d-PBAB, which has the triphenylamine as the hole transporting moiety and ethynyl group as the thermal cross-linker is firstly synthesized by the combination of anionic polymerization and deprotection process. The thermal cross-linking reaction was performed at $240^{\circ}C$ for 50 min and cross-linked d-PBAB layer showed smooth surface and is not soluble at organic solvent under spin-coating of emitting layer (EML). The solution-processed PLED which was fabricated with cross-linked d-PBAB as HTL showed approximately two times higher Lmax and four times higher LEmax than those obtained from PLED with PEDOT:PSS as the HTL. These result is ascribed to better ability of cross-linked d-PBAB to block electrons and to prevent exciton-quenching than those of PEDOT : PSS at the EML interface. This results strongly suggested that cross-linked d-PBAB can be a promising material to replace conventional PEDOT : PSS. It can be suspected that PLEDwith cross-linked d-PBAB would show longer lifetime compared with that of PLED with PEDOT : PSS, and thus further studies are under investigation.

• 한국환경농학회지
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• 제30권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 2011

BACKGROUND: Bioavailability enhancement by solubilization of lipophilic drugs in nano-emulsion has been reported and it may be useful in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical products. This study was performed to compare in vivo bioavailability of nano-emulsion formulation with that of the general product as control. METHODS AND RESULTS: The pharmacokinetics assessment of Vitamin A, D and E complex of nanoemulsion formulation (LaVita), in comparison to the general product, was performed in the male rat plasma by a single oral dose at 20 mL/kg body weight (n=3/group). For nano-emulsion formulation (LaVita), $C_{max}$ of vitamin A and E in plasma were much higher and the area under the curve (AUC) of vitamin A, D and E were 14-63% higher, and the half-life of vitamin E was 2-fold longer than the general product. According to statistical analysis, each $C_{max}$ of vitamin A, D & E was significantly higher (p<0.01, 0.05 and 0.01, respectively) than that of general product. Half-life of vitamin A was significantly higher (p<0.01) and AUC of vitamin A and D were also significantly higher than the general product. CONCLUSION(s): Considering significant increment of $C_{max}$ and AUC, LaVita made of nano-emulsion could be more effective the absorption rate and extent for bioavailability of vitamin A, D & E than those of general product.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제47권6호
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• pp.832-839
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• 2014

To evaluate the digestive characteristics and bioavailability of dietary soybean meal (SBM), the post-prandial changes in the gastric contents of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss were determined for 24 h after feeding of SBM diets. A curve estimation of regression diagnostics using a comparison of the adjusted $r^2$ and probability was performed to test the tendency of the post-prandial changes and gave a quadratic polynomial (exponential) regression for all experimental groups. The gastric evacuations rates (GER) for higher-SBM groups were slower than those for lower-SBM groups. The estimated GER (digestion time) for 75% gastric content for fish fed a 70% SBM diet was 1.63 times longer than that for fish fed the control diet. Despite the fact that the pH values in the gastric contents rose from 4.05 at 0 h to 5.12-5.38 at 1 h after feeding, then dropped to 4.57-4.83 at 9 h, with no significant differences among experimental groups, the gastric moisture contents increased significantly in the higher-SBM groups. This is most likely due to an increase in digestive juices in the higher-SBM groups, rather than water introduced externally. The percentage of soluble nitrogen in the gastric contents of fish fed the higher-SBM diets was higher than that in the fish fed the control diet, and the SBRs (stomach weight/body weight${\times}100$) in the higher-SBM groups (diets 4, 5, 6 and 7) were also significantly higher than the SBR of the control group (P<0.05). This may indicate that the protein in SBM can be digested slowly due to physiological digestive adaptation in rainbow trout.

• Mycobiology
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• 제39권3호
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• pp.187-193
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• 2011

Botryosphaeran, a water-soluble exopolysaccharide of the ${\beta}-(1{\rightarrow}3;1{\rightarrow}6)$-D-glucan type that has been isolated from the culture medium of Botryosphaeria rhodina MAMB-05 grown in submerged fermentation using glucose as the sole carbon source, was previously demonstrated to be non-genotoxic in peripheral blood and bone marrow, and exhibited strong anticlastogenic activity. In the present study, the effects of botryosphaeran were investigated in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats as well as in high-fat diet-fed hyperlipidemic Wistar rats. The plasma glucose level was reduced by 52% in the diabetic group of rats after administration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg body weight of the rats (b.w.)/day by gavage over 15 days. A reduction in the median ration intake was accompanied by an increase in the median body weight gain, as well as the efficiency of food conversion. These results demonstrate that botryosphaeran has protective effects by reducing the symptoms of cachexia in Diabetes mellitus. Botryosphaeran administered by gavage at a concentration of 12 mg botryosphaeran/kg b.w./day over 15 days also reduced the plasma levels of total cholesterol and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol by 18% and 27%, respectively, in hyperlipidemic rats. Based on these findings, we conclude that botryosphaeran possesses hypoglycemic and hypocholesterolemic properties in conditions of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia, respectively, and may be used as an oral anti-diabetic agent.

• 약학회지
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• 제55권3호
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• pp.260-266
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• 2011

Two types of water soluble lysine salts of ibuprofen were prepared and evaluated. Physicochemical properties for ibuprofen-l-lysinate (IBL-l), ibuprofen-dl-lysinate (IBL-dl) and ibuprofen (IB) were studied on melting point, specific ratation, UV spectra and $^1H$-NMR spectra. There were not differences between IBL-dl and IBL-l in UV spectra and $^1H$-NMR spectra. The pharmacokinetic parameters of IB were compared to those of its lysine salts (IBL-l and IBL-dl) after i.v. or oral administration at the dose of 50 mg/kg (calculated as IB). Total body clearance ($CL_t$) and area under the plasma concentration-time curve (AUC) were not different between IB group and IBL groups after i.v. administration. On the other hand, IBL-l and IBL-dl produced peak plasma concentrations ($C_{max}$) significantly ealier and higher than IB. Time to reach peak concentration ($T_{max}$) after IBL administration was lower than that after IB administration. There was no difference in AUC across all different groups (IB, IBL-l and IBL-dl) after oral administration. However, absorption rate constant ($k_a$) of IBL-l and IBL-dl were significantly increased than that of IB. These results indicated that the administration of IBL-l and IBL-dl may be advantageous if rapid and reliable onset of pain relief is required.

• Journal of Pharmaceutical Investigation
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• 제34권3호
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• pp.169-176
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• 2004

Acyclovir(ACV) is an important antiviral drug used extensively against infections caused by herpes viruses, especially herpes simplex and varicella zoster. Because of high crystallinity and large particle size, solubility of intact ACV is very low in water(1.3 mg/ml). The goal of this work is to enhance the solubility of ACV. To make solid dispersion, Polyethyleneglycol, Hydroxyprophylmethylcelluose and Polyvinylpyrrolidone were used as polymer carriers in this work. Polymer carriers and drug were dissolved in acetic acid. And then spray drying method and freeze drying method were used as solvent extraction. Morphology, crystallization and functional group were characterized using SEM, XRD and FT-IR. The result of in vitro test showed the sample using PVP as polymer carrier had higher dissolution rate(up to 466%) than intact ACV.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제5권1호
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• pp.48-53
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• 2000

Inhibitory effects of the methanol extract, hexane extract, methanol soluble fraction (MSF) and juice from 3 weeks fermented Kimchi on the tumor formation in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice were studied. Effects of the solvent extracts and juice of the Kimchi on the levels of lipid peroxide, glutathione, and the enzyme activities of the liver were also investigated in normal and sarcoma-180 cell transplanted mice. At 32 days following trans-plantation, MSF reduced the tumor formation by 54% compared with the control group, resulting in the smallest tumor weight. Lipid peroxided content in liver increased by the transplantation of sarcoma-180 cells. However, it decreased when MSF of Kimchi was treated to the mice. MSF also suppressed xanthine oxidase activity in cytosol of the liver cells in mice transplanted by sarcoma-180 cells. Kimchi extracts had no inhibitory effect on hepatic aminopyrine-N-demethylase activity in sarcoma-180 cell transplanted or normal mice. Methanol extract and hexane extract of Kimchi slightly increased hepatic glutathione contents in sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice. The injection of MSF from Kimchi markedly increased glutathione levels in the liver of sarcoma-180 treated mice compared to the controls. The MSF recovered the activities of hepatic glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase that decreased by the injection of sarcoma-180 cells. These results showed that MSF of Kimchi could suppress the growth of tumors, inhibiting lipid peroxide production and xanthine oxidase activity, in mice. We also suggested that Kimchi extract might play an important role in the prevention of cancer by enhancement of the glutathione level itself as well as via glutathione reductase and glutathione S-transferase.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.278-284
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• 2016

Anthocyanins, a class of flavonoids, are natural water-soluble pigments, mainly found in vegetables and fruits. Anthocyanins have attractive pharmacological activities, such as anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and anti-diabetic effects. The purpose of this study was to investigate the inhibitory effects of the anthocyanin-rich fraction (ANF) from purple sweet potato on high fat diet-induced insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. C57BL/6J mice were assigned to the following groups (n=8 per group): normal fat diet (NF); high fat diet (HF); high fat diet with ANF 50mg/kg (ANF50). Normal fat or high fat diets were fed for a total of 17 weeks, and ANF was orally administrated for 8 weeks (from 10 to 17 weeks, five times/week). In our results, there were no significant differences in body weight, food intake, and tissue weight upon ANF supplementation. The levels of serum triacylglycerol, total-cholesterol, and glucose were also not affected by ANF supplementation. However, ANF supplementation significantly decreased serum insulin and HOMA-IR levels as well as prevented hepatic fat accumulation in high fat-fed mice. These results show that ANF may be beneficial for improving high fat-induced insulin resistance and protecting against development of hepatic steatosis.

• 동아시아식생활학회지
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• 제26권4호
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• pp.359-369
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• 2016

In this study Ragwort, which had various and excellent pharmacological activity, was selected as a functional material, and intended to present an optimum condition of Ragwort Injeolmi by the blanching method, commonly used in the field. The general components, antioxidation, and dietary fiber of Ragwort were analyzed, and produceableness of Ragwort added Injeolmi was reviewed through instrumental inspection and sensory evaluation of various adding ratio of lyophilized Ragwort power and Ragwort pre-processed by blanching. It was proved that the SOD-likely active of Ragwort was 45.69%, total poly- phenol content was 12.45 mg, and total flavonoid content was 10.25 mg. The pH of Injeolmi adding Ragwort powder showed an increasing trend in the order of 0%, 1%, 3%, 5%, while that of Injeolmi adding blanching Ragwort showed increasing trend in the order of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, and there were significant difference (p<0.001). The soluble solid content of all sample groups showed constant value, and it was understood that no sugar was added in the process. From chromatography measurement result, a-value (redness) of 1% sample group was the lowest, and there were significant differences among sample groups (p<0.001). During 3 days of storage period, total microbial count of Injeolmi showed increasing trend while the storage period was getting longer. From the acceptability test Injeolmi adding blanching Ragwort had shown generally higher value.