• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.59-64
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• 2005

This study is to find out effects of hot water soluble extract from green tea, one of the Korean favorites, on the calcium metabolism and bone strength in body. To do so, calcium, phosphate, creatinine concentration and ALP activity in blood and the content of calcium and ash in the organ, the length, weight, strength in bone were measured. In addition, to find the calcium metabolism, the level of calcium intake, excretion, retention were measured. Twenty male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into two groups and isoloated soy protein was provided as the source of protein and CaCO₃ was provided as the source of calcium. 0.5% hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided to the green tea groups and for the control group deionized water was provided. The results are as follows ; 1. There is no difference between the experimental groups in diet intake, weight gain, and the feed intake. 2. Feed efficiency ratio was low in the group which hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided. 3. There is no difference between groups the level of calcium, phosphorus, creatinine and ALP activity in serum. 4. There is no difference between groups weight, contents of ash and calcium in kidney and liver. 5. There is no difference between groups in calcium intake, absorption, excretion, and retention. 6. There is no difference between groups weight, length and strength in bone. In summary, when hot water soluble extract from green tea was provided with the amount of 150-200mg, which is taken when people generally drink as favorite tea, weight gain was reduced due to the decrease of feed efficiency ratio. However, it did not affect the availability of calcium in body at all. Thus, even if a big quantity of green tea powder or solid of hot green tea extract is not provided, the quantity obtained when people drink green tea lowers the feed efficiency ratio without reducing availability of calcium in body.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.22 no.5
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• pp.451-452
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• 2001

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.130-134
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• 1993

Radiostrontium is one of fallouts. It can be absorbed through intestine and causing radiation injury to bones. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the inhibitory effect of 10% chitosan (water soluble and insoluble) and 10% alginate (water soluble and insoluble) on radiostrontium adsorption. Water soluble and insoluble chitosans and alginates were given to 10 NIH male mice in each group for 7 days. At the 7th day, 74 MBq of $^{85}Sr$ were given through orogastric tube. Chitosans and alginates were given for additional 7 days. During the 7 days, radioactivities of feces were counted daily. Finally animals were sacrificed, and radioactivities of bones were counted. Fecal excretion was significantly higher in chitosan and alginate group as compared to control from the 1st day (p < 0.01). Water soluble chitosan group showed highest fecal excretion. Bony retention was significantly lower in the treated group than the control (p < 0.01). There was no difference among treated groups. In conclusion, both water soluble and insoluble chitosans and alginates were effective agents on lowering orally ingested radiostrontium ($^{85}Sr$).

• Animal Systematics, Evolution and Diversity
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.217-225
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• 2003

This study was conducted to ascertain interspecific relationships by analyzing allozyme and soluble proteins of ten species in the Drosophila (Drosophila) to form a part of systematic studies of Korean drosophilids. The results of allozyme and TDE analysis showed that D. (D.) curvispina and D (D.) tsigana had the furthest genetic distance. On the other hand, the genetic distance between D (D.) angularis and D (D.) brachynephros was extremely close. And, ten species of the subgenus Drosophila can be divided into the first group of D. (D.) virilis, D. (D.) tsigana and D. (D.) lacertosa , and the second group consisted of four subgroups; the first subgroup clustered D. (D.) angularis and D (D.) brachynephros, the second subgroup clustered D. (D.) unispina and D. (D.) curvispina, the third subgroup of D (D.) takadai and D. (D.) kuntzei and the fourth subgroup of D. (D.) nigromaculata alone.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.62-67
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• 1999

Periodate-oxidized soluble starch and maltohexaose, maltotetraose, maltose, and glyceraldehyde reacted with sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$, wheat ${\beta}-amylase$, aldolase, bovine serum albumin, catalase, carboxypeptidase, ferritin and pronase. Electrophoretical mobility of modified proteins was different from that of native proteins, and modified proteins were stained with periodic acid-Schiff while native proteins did not stain. This results means that oxidized sugars attached on proteins. This bond is based on the Schiffs base between CHO group of oxidized sugar and ${\varepsilon}-NH_2$ group of lysine of protein. There is no changed UV absorption spectrum of sweet potato ${\beta}-amylase$ modified with oxidized soluble starch, in comparison with native enzyme.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.423-433
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• 1997

The acute and subacute toxicity of water soluble dimethyl dimethoxy biphenylate derivative (new DDB), hepatitis therapeutics, were investigated in SD rats. In the acute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed for 7 days after the intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 140, 182, 236, 307 and 400 mg/kg(r=1.3). Death. Severe convulsion, tremor and decrease motor activity were observed in almost treated groups (except the 140 mg/kg treated group). Changes of body weight in treated groups were not significantly different from control group. Autopsy of survived animals revealed no abnormal gross findings related to new DDB. As a results, the $LD_{50}$ values of new DDB were 244.1 mg/kg for male and 232.5 mg/kg for female. In subacute toxicity study, body weights and clinical signs were observed after intravenous injection of new DDB at doses of 57, 75 and 100 mg/kg/day for 28 days. Death, decrease motor activity and tremor were observed above 75 mg/kg treated groups. Statistically significant changes were observed in hematological and biochemical parameters of new DDB-treated groups; however, these changes were within normal range and had no relationship with dosage. Several abnormal findings were observed in microscopic examination of tissue; however, these findings were not caused by new DDB but environmental factor. The no toxic dose level of new DDB were estimated to be 57 mg/kg/day in this study.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.217-222
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• 2006

Polyimides have been investigated extensively and used widely over the past three decades because of their high performance properties such as excellent thermal, mechanical, and electrical properties. Polyimides are difficult to be processed because of the aromatic moieties, imide group, and insoluble nature in most organic solvents. The soluble polyimides were synthesized from 2,2,-bis(3-amino-4-hydroxyphenyl) hexafluoropropane (BAPAF) and 3,3,-diamino-4,4-dihydroxybyphenyl (HAB) as aromatic diamines and 4,4-(hexafluoroisopropylidene)diphthalic dianhydride (6FDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA), 4,4-oxydiphthalic dianhydride (OPDA), 3,3,4,4-benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA) and 3,3,4,4-diphenylsulfone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (DSDA) as aromatic dianhydrides. The polyimides were characterized by NMR, FR-IR, TGA and the dielectric constant of the obtained polyimides was calculated from storage of electro-capacity. A novel photosensitive polyimide was synthesized by the reaction of polyimide, containing hydroxyl group and methacryloyl chloride using triethylamine. The good micro-pattern was obtained with photosensitive polyimide from the photolithographic technique.

• Parasites, Hosts and Diseases
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• v.50 no.1
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• pp.29-35
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• 2012

The aim of the study is to characterize the phenotypes of $CD4^+$ $CD25^+$ T regulatory cells within the liver granulomas and association with both Foxp-3 gene expression and splenic cytokines. Naive C57BL/6 mice were intravenously injected with multiple doses of the soluble egg antigen (SEA) 7 days before cercarial infection. The immunized and infected control groups were sacrificed 8 and 16 weeks post-infection (PI). Histopathology, parasitological parameters, splenic phenotypes for T regulatory cells, the FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granuloma using real-time PCR, and the associated splenic cytokines were studied. Histopathological examination of the liver revealed remarkable increase in degenerated ova within hepatic granuloma which decreased in diameter at weeks 8 and 16 PI ($P$<0.01). The percentage of T regulatory cells ($CD4^+$ $CD25^+$) increased significantly ($P$<0.01) in the immunized group compared to the infected control at weeks 8 and 16 PI. The FOXP-3 expression in hepatic granulomas increased from 10 at week 8 to 30 fold at week 16 PI in the infected control group. However, its expression in the immunized group showed an increase from 30 at week 8 to 70 fold at week 16 PI. The splenic cytokine levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines, IFN-${\gamma}$, IL-4, and TNF-${\alpha}$, showed significant decreases ($P$<0.05) compared to the infected control group. In conclusion, the magnitude and phenotype of the egg-induced effects on T helper responses were found to be controlled by a parallel response within the T regulatory population which provides protection in worm parasite-induced immunopathology.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.12
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• pp.1794-1801
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• 2009

This study was conducted to examine the effects of soluble collagen peptides extract supplementation on the improvement of blood glucose, lipid components and enzyme activities in the sera of streptozotocin (STZ, 55 mg/kg BW, IP injection)-induced diabetic rats fed on experimental diets for 5 weeks. The concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, triglycerides (TG) and phospholipids (PL) in serum were remarkably higher in the diabetic group (group SW) and STZ (IP)+collagen peptides extract supplementation group (group SFW) than those in the control group (group CG, basal diet + water). However the concentrations of blood glucose, total cholesterol, atherosclerotic index, LDL, LDL-cholesterol, free cholesterol, cholesteryl ester ratio, TG and PL in serum were lower in the SFW group than in the SW group, whereas the ratio of HDL-cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol and HDL-cholesterol concentration in the SFW group were higher than in the SW group. The activities of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and aminotransferase (AST, ALT) in serum were lower in the SFW group than in the diabetic SW group. The results shown above suggest that soluble collagen peptides extract supplementation effectively improves blood glucose, lipid compositions and enzyme activities in the sera of STZ induced diabetic rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.381-386
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• 1990

This study was investigated the effects of water soluble extract of Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and soidium dextrothyroxine on lipid components in serum of hypercholesterolmemic rats in vivo in order to prevent in cardiovascular disease. Total cholesterol concentrations in serum were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were significantly increased after feeding cholesterol diet group compared with control group and were lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyrioxine diet groups than in control group. Ratio of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to total cholesterol were significantly highest in sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups among diet groups and were higher in Ganodrma lucidum and kale juice fed group than in control group. Phospholipid concentrations in seurm were significantly lower in Ganoderma lucidum kale juice and sodium dextrothyroxine(1.25mg/kg diet) fed groups than in control group and triglyceride concentra-tions were lower in Ganderma lucidum sodium dextrothyroxine fed groups than in other groups. Triiodothyronine concentration in serum were lower in Ganoerma lucdum and kale juice fed groups than in the other groups while it was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups. Tetraiodothyronine concentrations is serum were remakably higher in sodium dextrothyroxine fed group than in other groups. Blood glucose concentration was lower in cholesterol diet group than in other groups but was higher in sodium dextrothyroxine diet group than in other groups.