• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제4권3호
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• pp.159-162
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• 1999

The purpose of this research was to study the effects of initial moisture levels and extrusion temperatures on dietary fiber, nitrogen solubility index, available lysine, and the in vitro protein digestibility of extruded oat productes. The dehulled grains were ground in a Brabender quadrumat Senior mill and the coarse fraction, with higher crude protein, lipids and dietary fiber were conditioned on various mositre levels (15.5~25.5%) and extruded in a Brabender single-screw laboratory extruder. The extrudates showed a higher amount of soluble dietary fiber (8.14%) than in the raw material . However, the extrusion process affected the nutritional value of the protein due to a decrease in available lysine with increased temperature . The in vitro protein digestibility was unaffected by initial moisture levels and the extrusion temperatures examined.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제29권4호
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• pp.648-656
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• 1997

두유박을 수용성 식이섬유의 원료로 활용하기 위하여 $140^{\circ}C,\;150^{\circ}C$ 및 $160^{\circ}C$에서 각각 열처리를 통해 두유박 식이섬유의 대부분을 차지하는 불용성 식이섬유를 수용성 식이섬유로 변환시킨 후 이를 추출하여 각추출물의 이화학적 특성을 분석하였다. 각 온도별로 pH와 열처리 시간을 달리하여 추출하였을 때 최대 가용화 조건에서 수용성 식이섬유 함량은 $30.3{\sim}32.2%$이었다. 두유박 식이섬유 고온 추출물의 당 조성을 HPLC로 분석한 결과 glucose > galactose > arabinose + fucose > mannose의 순으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 추출물을 high performance size exclusion chromatography로써 평균 분자량에 따라 3가지 획분으로 나누어 분석하였는데, 추출 온도가 증가함에 따라 고분자량 획분이 줄어들고 중간분자량 획분이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 추출물을 함유한 용액의 점도는 추출 온도의 상승에 따라 감소하였으나, pH에 따른 변화 경향은 뚜렷하지 않았다. 추출물의 용해도는 온도가 상승함에 따라 급격하게 증가하였으며 추출 온도가 높을수록 증가하는 경향을 나타내었다. Ca-binding capacity는 $140^{\circ}C$ 추출물이 다른 시료에 비해 월등히 높았다.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제33권2호
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• pp.161-165
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• 2001

농도를 달리한 산과 알칼리용매 및 물로 사과박에서 식이섬유를 추출하여 $24.4{\sim}29.3% 범위의 총 식이섬유를 얻었다. 수용성 식이섬유는 산용매로 6.85%, 알칼리용매로 6.55%를 추출하여 모두 물추출 6.0%보다 높았으며, 산과 알칼리용매의 농도가 높을수록 추출수율이 좋았다. 수용성 식이섬유의 galacturonic acid 함량은 0.01M HCl(77.5%)>0.05M HCl(76.8%)>$H_2O(76.1%)$>0.05M NaOH(73.8%)>0.01M NaOH(69.0%)의 순서로 많았으며, 산용매로 추출시 펙틴의 수율이 가장 우수하였다. 추출액의 색도는 추출용매의 농도가 높을수록 그리고 같은 농도에서는 알칼리추출이 산추출보다 높았고, 색도와 수용성 식이섬유 추출수율 간에는 유의성이 없었다. 그리고 각 시료의 유동특성을 조사한 결과, 전단속도를 $1\;sec^{-1}$에서 $600\;sec^{-1}$까지 증가시킬 때의 전단응력은 galacturonic acid 함량이 많을수록 증가하였다. 산과 물추출에 의한 수용성 식이섬유의 물성은 Newtonian 유동특성을 나타낸 반면에 알칼리추출 시료는 pseudoplastic 유동특성에서 알칼리농도가 증가할수록 항복력을 동반한 Bingham pseudoplastic 유동특성으로 전환되는 경향을 보였다. 겉보기점도와 시간의존성의 관계에서는 알칼리 추출시료에서 hysteresis loop이 관찰되었고 thixotropy 성질을 지님을 알 수 있었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제33권12호
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• pp.1975-1984
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• 2020

Objective: The study was conducted to determine the effects of body weight (BW) and fiber sources on nutrient digestibility, fiber fermentation and short chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration in different intestinal segments of growing pigs fed high-fiber diets. Methods: Nine barrows with initial BW of 25.17±0.73 kg and 9 barrows with initial BW of 63.47±2.18 kg were allotted to a duplicate 9×2 Youden Square design with 3 dietary treatments and 2 periods. The dietary treatments were formulated with 3 different high-fiber ingredients: corn bran, sugar beet pulp, and soybean hulls, respectively. Each diet was fed to 3 barrows with different stage of BW in each period. Results: There were no differences in the apparent ileal digestibility (AID) of most nutrients between pigs at different BW stages. Pigs at 60 kg had greater (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of total dietary fiber (TDF), soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF), and had greater (p<0.05) hindgut disappearance of IDF and cellulose than pigs at 25 kg. The acetate, propionate and total SCFA concentrations in ileal digesta and feces of pigs at 60 kg were greater (p<0.05) than those of pigs at 25 kg. In addition, fiber sources affected (p<0.05) the AID of gross energy (GE), organic matter (OM), ether extract (EE), crude protein, SDF and hemicellulose, the hindgut disappearance and ATTD of dietary fiber components, the lactate and propionate concentrations in ileal digesta and the butyrate, valerate and total SCFA concentrations in feces. There were interactions (p<0.05) between BW and fiber sources on the AID of GE, OM, EE, SDF, hemicellulose, the ATTD of EE, TDF, and IDF, and the hindgut disappearance of SDF and hemicellulose. Conclusion: Increasing BW mainly improved the digestibility of dietary fiber fractions, and the dietary fiber sources influenced the digestibility of almost all the dietary nutrients in growing pigs.

• Journal of Ginseng Research
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• 제22권4호
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• pp.289-293
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• 1998

Six-year-old ginseng roots were divided into rhizome, main root (epidermis, cortex and xylem) and lateral root (big tail root, mid tail root and fine tail root) and the concentration levels of soluble dietary fiber (SDF) and insoluble dietary fiber (IDF) in each part of the ginseng were investigated. The amount ratios of SDF to IDF (SDF/IDF) in various parts of the ginseng root were also compared. The concentration levels of SDF and IDF in the ginseng root were 6.56% and 15.41 %, respectively, where the level of SDF in main root was a little higher than that of lateral root. However the amount of IDF in main root was lower than that of lateral root. The SDF/IDF was highest in main root, 0.513, which was higher than that of lateral root or rhizome. The SDF/IDF was 0.704 in xylem, 0.478 in cortex, and 0.099 in epidermis of the main root and the SDF/IDF was 0.576 in big tail root, 0.463 in mid tail root, and 0.255 in fine tail root of the lateral root. It has been reported that SDF might have preventive effects on diabetes, obesity, high blood pressure, colon and rectum cancers, while IDF might have preventive effects on constipation. Therefore, main root of six-year- old ginseng root is thought to have a little different physiological activity from lateral or fine tail roots.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.196-201
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• 1993

본 연구에서는 채소류와 해조류의 식이섬유 함량을 측정하였다. 즉, AOAC 공정법에 의한 총 식이섬유 함량과 Mongeau-Brassard법에 의한 불용성, 수용성 및 총 식이섬유를 측정하고, 두 방법에 의한 식이섬유 함량을 비교 검토하였다. 채소류 및 해조류의 AOAC 공정법에 의한 평균 총 식이섬유 함량은 채소류는 6%, 그리고 톳을 제외한 해조류는 33% 내외를 함유하고 있었다. 한편, Mongeau-Brassard법에 의한 총 식이섬유에 대한 수용성 식이섬유의 함량비율은 채소류는 47%이었으며 해조류는 57%이었다. 총 식이섬유량(건량기준)에 대한 AOAC 공정법과 Mongeau들의 방법에 의한 측정치의 차이는 채소류는 도라지를 제외하고 1%~9%, 해조류는 1%~8%로 나타났다. ${TDF}\pm{error} boundary값은 Mongeau-Brassard법에 의한 값이 약간 컸으나, 모든 식품의 경우 F/Fc<1.0이었다. 그러므로 Mongeau-Brassard법은 AOAC공정법에 비하여 덜 정확한 방법은 아니었다.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제15권4호
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• pp.635-638
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• 2006

The effects of raw and processed small black soybean powders on dietary fiber content and gastrointestinal function in rats were investigated. The crude oil, protein, and ash contents of raw small black soybean powder were not significantly different from those of processed small black soybean powders. The germination process increased soluble and insoluble dietary fiber contents significantly, as compared to raw small black soybean powder. The germinated small black soybean powder diet led to a significantly different food intake than the basal diet in both normal and loperamide-induced constipated rats. The body weight gains of the experimental groups, however, were not significantly different from that of the basal diet groups for both the normal and loperamide-induced rats. The gastrointestinal transit times and fecal weights for normal and loperamide-induced rats consuming the processed small black soybean powder diet were significantly different from those on a basal diet. These results suggest that the processes of cooking and germinating the small black soybean might contribute to acceleration of fecal excretion in both experimental normal and constipation model rats.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제30권5호
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• pp.465-477
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• 1997

The purpose of this article is to know the effects on bowel function of the kind of fiber and the amount of fiber in SD-rats. To do this experiment, we select of $\alpha$-cellulose as n insoluble cellulose source and alginic acid and pectin as soluble cellulose source. The rats diets contained callolose camcentrations of 1.0%, 3.6%, 6.0% and 10.0%. After that, we raised the SD-rats for 4weeks and measured the amount of food intake, body weight, the food effciency ratio, the length of liver and stomach the weight of the intestines, the transit time through the intestines, pH in feces, and the amount of bile acid and Ca, Mg, pp. 1) The amount of food intake was 15.75-31.00g/day. It was highest in the 10.0% cellulose group and the lowest in the 3.6% and 6.0% alginic acid group (p<0.05). The body weights of rats were 277.50-349.809. It was highest in the 1.0% pectin group and lowest in the 3.6% alginic acid group, 6.0% cellulose group, and 10.0% pectin group. It had differences according to the content fiber and the kind of dietary(p<0.01). The food efficiency ratio was (p<0.01). The higher the content of dietary fiber, the lower the calory and the food efficiency ratio. 2) Transit time was 446.0-775.0 minutes and it showed signidicant ifferences according to the content and kind of dietary fiber(p<0.01). It was long in the 1.0% cellulose group and 1.0% pectin group but short in the 10.0% alginic acid group. As the content of dietary fiber increased, the transit time through the intestines was shortened. The length of small intestine was 101.03-120.40cm and there were no difference cegardloss of the content and kind of fiber. The length of the large intestine was 20.92-25.42cm and there were significant differences according to the content and kind of the fiber. High-fiber diets resulted in increases in the length of the large intestine. 3) The weight of the liver was 8.68-10.96g and there were no differences according to the content and kind of fiber. The weight of stomach was 1.28-1.74g and there were no differences resulting from the kind of dietary fiber, but it was highest in the 10.0% alginic acid group. The weight of the small intestine was 5.52-8.04g with no difference resulting from to the kind of fiber. It was highest in the 10.0% the alginic acid group and lowest in the 1.0% alginic acid group(p<0.05). The weight of large intestine was 2.50-3.30g with no differences related to the kind of dietary fiber. It was heaviest in the 6.0% and 10.0% alginic acid groups and in the 10.0% pectin group with differences related to the content of fiber(p<0.05). 4) The pH of the feces was 5.82-6.86 according to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was high at 6.66, the cellulose group was 6.26. but the pectin group was low at 6.30. There were difference according to the content of fiber, but no consistency. The content of bile acid was 6.25-34.77umol per 1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, the alginic acid group was low at 12.91umol, cellulose group was 18.64umol and, the pectin group was the highest at 27.78umol(p<0.001). Based on the content of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was low at 1.0%, but high at 3.6% pectin group(p<0.001). 5) The amount of feces was 1.00-5.10g/day. The weight of rat feces was 2.23g/day in the alginic acid goup, 2.75g/day in the cellulose group, and 1.82g/day in the pectin group. According to the content of fiber, cellulose group was high at 10.0% but alginic acid group was 1.0%, and there were significant difference according to the dietary fiber. The more the content of fiber, the more increase the content of feces in alginic acid, cellulose and pectin group. The content of Ca in the feces was 80.10-207.82mg/1g of dry feces. In the dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 193.08mg, cellulose group was 87.5mg, pectin group was 138.16mg. In the content of fiber, alginic acid group was high at 1.0% and 3.6% but low at 10.0% of Pectin group. The content of Mg was 19.15-44.72mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group was 35.33mg, cellulose group was 23.60mg, and pectin was 36.93mg. According to the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 1.0% and low at 10.0% of cellulose group. The content of P was 1.65-4.65mg/1g of dry feces. According to the kind of dietary fiber, alginic acid group 2.23mg/g dry feces, cellulose group was 2.29mg/g, pectin group wa 4.08mg/g dry feces. In the content of fiber, pectin group was high at 6.0% and low at 6.0% alginic acid group, but there were significant difference among the analysis value. The conetnt of Ca and MG was higher in soluble alginic acid group and pectin group than in insoluble cellulose group. The high the content of the dietary fiber, the lower the food efficiency ratio and the short the transit time through intestine with the increase of the length of large intestin as well as the higher level of the stomach, the small intestine and the large intestine. According to the content of the dietary fiber, the amount of the feces, Ca, Mg and P was increased but the length the small intestin, the weight of liver, pH of the feces and the amount of bile acid showed no differences and consistency.

• Food Science and Biotechnology
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• 제14권3호
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• pp.375-379
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• 2005

Physicochemical properties, intestinal microbial growth, and inhibitory effects of alcohol-insoluble polysaccharide (AIP) extracted from cucumber peel were investigated. AIP was composed of 14.54% crude protein, 1.04% crude lipid, 13.74 % crude ash, 9.1% soluble dietary fiber, and 41.2% insoluble dietary fiber. AIP showed low bulk density (0.18 g/mL) and water-holding capacity (6.39 g/g), and high oil-holding capacity (3.96 g/g). Pectic substance fractions [water-soluble pectic substance (WSP), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid-soluble pectic substance (ESP), and alkali-soluble pectic substances (ASP)] and hemicellulose fractions [1 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (KHP1) and 4 M KOH-soluble hemicellulose (KHP4)] were obtained from sequential chemical fractionation of AIP. WSP showed higher total sugar contents than total uronic acid contents, whereas opposite results were observed in ESP and ASP. Molecular weight distributions of three pectic substance fractions were in order of ASP>ESP>WSP. Ion exchange chromatogram pattern of WSP was different from those of ESP and ASP. Major component of WSP was fraction eluted by 0.05 M ammonium acetate buffer, whereas that of ESP and ASP was fraction eluted by 0.2 M NaOH. WSP and ASP showed growth-promoting activities against Lactobacillus brevis, Bifidobacterium bifidum, and B. longum, whereas B. bifidum and B. longum for ESP. KHP1 and KHP4 fractions had significant growth-promoting activities against B. bifidum.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제22권6호통권96호
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• pp.957-965
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• 2006

This research was conducted to examine the usability of Dangui (Angelica gigas Nakai, Root) and Seungumcho (Angelica gigas Nakai, Leaf) as functional food in aspects of their functional components and nitrite scavenging ability. Analysis of proximate composition showed that Dangui contains more moisture, crude lipid and crude protein than Seungumcho. On the other hand, Seungumcho contains more than twice mont of crude ash and crude fiber than Dangui. Dangui showed higher contents in phosphorus, iron, magnesium, and Seungumcho showed higher contents in copper, calcium, sodium, potassium compare to each other. Substances such as calcium, magnesium and iron that showed high contents in Dangui and Seungumcho are the most important inorganic substances. Total dietary fiber(TDF) of Dangui, sum of IDF and SDF, was 24.2%, and Seungumcho showed 28.18%. vitamin C contents of a 29.690.33 mg/100g appeared only in Seunggumcho. Total phenol contents of Dangui was 0.100${\pm}$002% and that of Seungumcho 0.0900${\pm}$008%. Nnitrite Scavenging ability of both water soluble and methanol soluble extracts were more than 90% at pH 1.2, and it decreased as pH level adjusted to pH 4.2, pH and 6.0.