• 한국재료학회지
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• 제11권6호
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• pp.502-507
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• 2001

일방향응고법으로 IN792+Hf 초내열합금의 응고속도에 따른 응고거동의 변화에 대해 연구하였다. 조직관찰을 통해 각 상의 응고과정과 석출거동을 분석하였다 일방향응고시 응고속도가 감소하면 문자형의 탄화물은 면상 탄화물로 변화하였고 ${\gamma}$상과 탄화물의 결합은 탄화물의 수지상 성장에 의한 것임을 확인할 수 있었다. 긴 막대형상의 탄화물이 0.5$\mu\textrm{m}$/s의 응고속도에서 입계를 따라 형성되었으며 잔류액상지역에서 ${\gamma}$'형성원소가 풍부한 구역과 고갈된 구역이 발견되었다. 공정 ${\gamma}$/${\gamma}$'은 형성원소가 풍부한 구역에서 핵생성하였으며 공정 ${\gamma}$/${\gamma}$'의 형성은 잔류액상지역의 (Ti+Hf+Ta+W)/Al 비율을 높여 η상의 석출을 유발하였다. 느린 응고속도에서는 잔류액상지역으로부터의 충분한 역확산으로 (Ti+Hf+Ta+W)/Al 비율이 낮아져 η상의 석출이 억제되었다.

• 한국소성가공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국소성가공학회 2003년도 추계학술대회논문집
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• pp.60-63
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• 2003

Semi-solid forming is the process of stirring alloy during solidification, making the mixture of liquid and solid, solidifying it, reheating it to the solid-liquid coexistent temperature, and then injecting this semi solid slurry into dies. In the semi-solid die casting process, it is very important to find out the correlation of injection condition, microstructure and mechanical properties. Especially, an improper injection condition is the main cause of liquid segregation and non-homogeneous mechanical properties due to the difference of solid fraction according to the position of the products. To ensure the database requisite to the semi-solid die casting product, it is essential to acquire the mechanical properties considering liquid segregation to the injection condition. In this study, the effect of injection condition on liquid segregation, formability, microstructure and mechanical properties in a thin product was investigated.

• Advances in materials Research
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• 제1권1호
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• pp.13-29
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• 2012

In order to simultaneously enhance the strength and plasticity in nanostructured / ultrafine-grained alloys, a strategy of introducing multiple length scales into microstructure (or called bimodal composite microstructure) has been developed recently. This paper presents a brief overview of the alloy developement and the mechanical behavior of ultrafine-grained Ti-Fe-based alloys with different length-scale phases, i.e., micrometer-sized primary phases (dendrites or eutectic) embedded in an ultrafine-grained eutectic matrix. These ultrafine-grained titanium bimodal composites could be directly obtained through a simple single-step solidification process. The as-prepared composites exhibit superior mechanical properties, including high strength of 2000-2700 MPa, large plasticity up to 15-20% and high specific strength. Plastic deformation of the ultrafine-grained titanium bimodal composites occurs through a combination of dislocation-based slip in the nano-/ultrafine scale matrix and constraint multiple shear banding around the micrometer-sized primary phase. The microstructural charactersitcs associated to the mechanical behaivor have been detailed discussed.

• 소성∙가공
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• 제28권3호
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• pp.123-129
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• 2019

Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys have been widely utilized for wear-resistant components in the automotive industry. In order to expand the application of Hypereutectic Al-Si alloys, the addition of alloying elements forming a stable precipitate at high temperature is required. Thermally stable inter metallic compounds can be formed through the addition of transition elements such as Fe, Ni to Al alloys. However, the amount of transition element to be added to Al alloys is limited due to their low solid solubility. Also, hypereutectic Al-Si-Fe alloys form coarse primary Si phases and needle-shaped intermetallic compounds during solidification in the general casting processes. In this study, the effects of the destruction of Intermetallic compound and Si phase are investigated via hot extrusion. Both the microstructure and mechanical properties are discussed under different extrusion conditions.

• 전기화학회지
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• 제18권2호
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• pp.68-74
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• 2015

본 실험에서는 리튬이차전지의 고용량 음극활물질로 주목받는 Si 합금의 부피팽창을 억제하기 위한 방법의 하나인 비활성-matrix상을 이용하고, 상태도를 이용하여 동일한 용량을 발현하는 Si계 이원계 합금 (Cr-Si, Ni-Si) 조성에서의 미세구조 및 전기화학적 특성을 비교/분석하였다. 급속응고공정(Rapid Solidification Process, Melt-spinning법)를 이용하여 동일조건하에서 리본 모양의 합금을 제작하였고, 제작된 리본합금은 동일조건에서 분쇄하여 X-선회절 (X-Ray Diffraction) 분석을 실시하였다. XRD 분석 결과, 상태도에서 예측된 것과 같이, 두 합금 모두 Si 상 및 비활성-matrix상($CrSi_2$ 및 $NiSi_2$)이 관찰되었으며, 이외의 제3의 상은 관찰되지 않았다. 또한, 주사전자현미경(SEM, Scanning Electron Microscope) 및 투과전자현미경-에너지분산분광법(TEM-EDS, Transmission Electron Microscopy - Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy)으로 미세구조를 살펴본 결과 Cr-Si 합금의 미세구조가 Ni-Si 합금보다 fine한 것을 알 수 있었고 이것은 상태도로부터 예측 가능하였다. 두 합금 조성에서 미세구조에 따른 전기화학적 특성을 비교 평가하기 위해 코인형 하프셀과 풀셀로 충방전 실험을 진행하였고 이와 별도로, 전극의 두께변화 측정이 가능하게 설계된 시험셀을 이용하여 반응 중 Si의 수축팽창을 측정하였다. coarse한 미세구조를 가진 Ni-Si 합금보다 fine한 미세구조를 갖는 Cr-Si 합금의 전극팽창이 비교적 잘 억제됨을 확인하였고, 충방전에 따른 수명 내구성도 우수함을 확인하였다. 이런 결과들로부터 합금의 조성에 따른 미세구조, 체적변화 및 전기화학적 열화와의 연관성을 유추할 수 있었다.

• 한국주조공학회지
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.560-568
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• 1997

The dissolution behavior of secondary solidification phases in squeeze cast Al-3.9wt%Cu-1.5wt%Si-1.0wt%Mg has been studied using a combination of optical microscope, image analyzer, scanning electron microscope(SEM), energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS), X-ray diffractometer(XRD) and differential thermal analyzer (DTA). Special emphasis was placed on the investigation of the effects of the nonequilibrium heat treatment on the dissolution of the second solidification phases. Ascast microstructure consisted of primary solidification product of ${\alpha}-Al$ and secondary solidification products of $Al_2Cu$, $Mg_2Si$ and $Al_2CuMg$. Equilibrium and non-equilibrium solution treatments were carried out at the temperatures of $495^{\circ}C$, $502^{\circ}C$ and $515^{\circ}C$ for 3 to 5 hours. The amount of the dissolved secondary phases increased with increasing solution treatment temperature, for example, area fractions of $Al_2Cu$, $Mg_2Si$ and $Al_2CuMg$ were approximately 0%, 1.6% and 4.2% after solution treatment at $495^{\circ}C$ for 5hours, and were approximately 0%, 0.36% and 2% after solution treatment at $515^{\circ}C$ for 5hours. The best combination of tensile properties was obtained when the as-cast alloy was solution treated at $515^{\circ}C$ for 3hours followed by aging at $180^{\circ}C$ for 10 hours. Detailed DTA and TEM study showed that the strengthening behavior during aging was due to enhanced precipitation of the platelet type fine ${\theta}'$ phase.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제23권6호
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• pp.99-105
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• 2005

The mixing ratio effect of the GTD-111(base metal) powder and the GNI-3 (Ni-l4Cr-9.5Co-3.5Al-2.5B) powder on TLP(Transient Liquid Phase) bonding phenomena and mechanism was investigated. At the mixing ratio of the base metal powder under $50wt\%$, the base metal powders fully melted at the initial time and a large amount of the base metal near the bonded interlayer was dissolved by liquid inter metal. Liquid insert metal was eliminated by isothermal solidification which was controlled by the diffusion of B into the base metal. The solid phases in the bonded interlayer grew epitaxially from the base metal near the bonded interlayer inward the insert metal during the isothermal solidification. The number of grain boundaries farmed at the bonded interlayer corresponded with those of base metal. At the mixing ratio above $60wt\%$, the base metal powder melted only at the surface of the powder and the amount of the base metal dissolution was also less at the initial time. Nuclear of solids firmed not only from the base metal near the bonded interlayer but also from the remained base metal powder in the bonded interlayer. Finally, the polycrystal in the bonded interlayer was formed when the isothermal solidification finished. When the isothermal solidification was finished, the contents of the elements in the boned interlayer were approximately equal to those of the base metal. Cr-W borides and Cr-W-Ta-Ti borides formed in the base metal near the bonded interlayer. And these borides decreased with the increasing of holding time.

• 열처리공학회지
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• 제32권2호
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• pp.68-73
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• 2019

${\alpha}$-titanium alloy has a relatively low heat treatment characteristic and it is mainly subjected to heat treatment for residual stress, recovery or dynamic recrystallization. In this study, commercially pure titanium hollow castings was fabricated by gravity casting. Heat treatments were carried out at $750^{\circ}C$, $850^{\circ}C$ and $950^{\circ}C$ to investigate the effect of post-heat treatment on microstructure and mechanical properties. Beta-transus temperature ($T_{\beta}$) was about $913^{\circ}C$, and equiaxed microstructure was shown at temperature below $T_{\beta}$ and lath-type microstructure at temperature above $T_{\beta}$. Microstructure and mechanical properties did not show any significant difference in the direction of solidification for titanium hollow billet, so it can be seen that it was a well-made material for extrusion process. The optimum heat treatment condition of hollow billet castings for the seamless tube production was $850^{\circ}C$, 4 hr, FC, indicating a combination of equiaxed microstructure and appropriate mechanical properties.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제27권10호
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• pp.563-568
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• 2017

In this study, the coating of an Al-Cr layer on the surface of a Zircaloy-4 alloy was carried out through plasma pretreatment coating and a laser surface melting process. Two different conditions for laser treatment, severe or minimal surface melting of the Zr alloy substrate, were applied to form the final coating. When there was significant surface melting of the Zr alloy, the solidification microstructure of the newly formed coating layer was mainly composed of needle-shaped $Al_3Zr$, Al(Cr) and $Al_7Cr$ phases. On the other hand, the solidification microstructure of the coating layer was mainly composed of Al(Cr) and $Al_7Cr$ phases when there was minimal surface melting of Zr base in the laser process. However, when the coating was maintained at $1100^{\circ}C$ for 2 hours, significant inter-diffusion occurred between the phases in the coating. As a result, the upper part of the coating layer was observed to mainly consist of $Al_3Zr$ and $Al_8Cr_5$ phases, regardless of the laser treatment conditions.

• Journal of Welding and Joining
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• 제32권1호
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• pp.93-101
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• 2014

This study aims to investigate the effect of heat input of outside SAW weld on low temperature toughness($-20^{\circ}C$) of inside SAW weld for API 5L X70 with sour gas resistance. As increasing heat input of the outside weld, low temperature toughness of the inside weld was decreased. Especially, in spite of the same heat input, the value of low temperature toughness was fluctuated. On the basis of fracture and microstructure analysis, the low temperature toughness is correlated with the fracture area ratio of shear lips and four kinds of fracture sections. These sections were divided with size and shape of dimple correlated with grain boundary ferrite and cleavage correlated acicular and polygonal ferrite in grain. Therefore, it was seen that these sections were two of final solidification area in the inside weld and the outside weld, no reheated zone and reheated zone in the inside weld. In conclusion, it is thought that the difference of low temperature toughness at the same heat input is due to the fact that each of impact test specimens could have the different microstructure, even though the notch was machined under the error tolerance of 1mm. It is because the final solidification area of the inside weld is very narrow.