• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국건축시공학회 2014년도 춘계 학술논문 발표대회
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• pp.116-117
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• 2014

This study is to environmental safety assessment of ground solidification materials using industrial by-products. also, physical and chemical properties were investigated. as a result, compared to conventional cement the survival rates are capable, was judged to be possible utilizing of ECO-friendly ground solidification materials.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.20-25
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• 2011

Since 1980's, many mines have been closed and abandoned due to the exhaustion of deposits and declining prices of international mineral resources. Because of the lack of post management for these abandoned mines, Farm land and rivers were contaminated with heavy metal ions and sludge. We studied on the solidification/stabilization of heavy metal ions, chromium ions and lead ions, using magnesia-phosphate cement. Magnesia binders were used calcined-magnesia and dead-burned magnesia. Test specimens were prepared by mixing magnesia binder with chromium ions and lead ions and activators. We analyzed the hydrates by reaction between magnesiaphosphate cement and each heavy metal ions by XRD and SEM-EDAX, and analyzed the content of heavy metal ions in the eruption water from the specimens for the solidification and stabilization of heavy metal ions by ICP. The results was shown that calcined magnesia binder is effective in stabilization for chromium ions and dead-burned magnesia binder is effective in stabilization for lead ions.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제36권7호
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• pp.725-733
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• 1999

It is a fundamental experiment to use blast-furnace slag in solidification/stabilization process. The compressive strength and leaching test of Pb and Cr doped samples were evaluated and the effects of heavy-metal ions on the hydration of slag was investigated. Sodium silicates(5wt%) was added as alkali-activator and the effects of replacing a part of slag with flyash or gypsum was also discussed. Pb ion was solidified by encapsulation of matrix. In of slag${\pm}$gypsum binder microstructure was densified by accelerating to form AFt/AFm phase and compressive strength was improved resulting in reducing leaching amount of Pb ion. Cr ion was solidified by substituting with Al ion in aluminate product. Slag+fly ash binder improved compressive strength and decreased leaching amount of Cr ion.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2001년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.49-52
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• 2001

An experimental study was conducted to test the feasibility of degradative solidification/stabilization (DS/S) process in treating tetrachloroethylene (PCE) in solid phase systems. The Fe(II)-based ds/s process successfully treated PCE in a soil at the reaction rates that would not allow significant release of the contaminant in the environment. A leach model was also developed that could describe the relative importance of leaching and degradation in ds/s. The first and second Damkohler numbers and dimensionless time were important parameters that determined leaching precesses in wastes treated by ds/s.

• 대한환경공학회지
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• 제32권7호
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• pp.665-675
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• 2010

본 연구에서는 하수슬러지를 매립지 복토재로 재활용하기 위해 래들슬래그, 시멘트, 인회석, 소석회를 첨가하여 하수 슬러지 내 중금속(Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn)의 용출을 평가하였다. 하수슬러지의 용출 평가는 EDTA (ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) 추출법과 TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure)를 통해 이루어졌으며, 중금속 결합 기작은 연속추출(sequential extraction)을 통해 평가하였다. EDTA 용출 결과 하수슬러지에 래들슬래그/시멘트/소석회의 투입량이 증가할수록 하수슬러지 내 중금속의 용출이 감소하였다. 그러나 인회석을 투입했을 때는 중금속 용출의 감소 효과가 거의 나타나지 않았으며, 이는 EDTA가 인회석에 의한 중금속 고정화를 방해하였기 때문이다. TCLP 용출 결과 하수슬러지 내 슬래그, 시멘트 또는 소석회의 투입량이 증가하여 용출액의 pH가 7 이상일 때는 Cu의 용출 농도가 원하수슬러지의 용출농도보다 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 그러나 인회석은 투입량이 증가할수록 중금속의 용출 농도가 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 혼합 고화제를 투입한 하수슬러지의 중금속 용출 결과, 하수슬러지의 중량비 100%를 기준으로 래들슬래그 20%와 소석회 10%를 투입한 혼합물이 최적의 고화 혼합 비율이며, 이 때 EDTA 추출법과 TCLP로 용출한 중금속의 농도가 가장 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 결과는 하수슬러지 내 중금속 결합이 약한 결합인 exchangeable fraction과 carbonate fraction에서 강한 결합인 organic fraction으로 이동하였음을 연속추출(SM&T, formaly BCR)을 통해 확인할 수 있었다. 하수슬러지와 고화제를 최적의 비율로 혼합한 혼합물을 폐기물공정시험법으로 중금속 용출을 평가한 결과 Cu가 기준농도 이상으로 검출되었다. 그러나 TCLP에 따른 하수슬러지의 용출시험 결과 Ba, Cd, Cr, Pb의 항목에서 미국 환경보호청의 용출 기준을 만족하였다.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2010년도 춘계 학술대회 제22권1호
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• pp.317-318
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• 2010

At the latest industry develops, heavy metals or sludge contaminated surrounding farm land and rivers. In this study, wished to solve problem by saying contaminated sludge and tailing and heavy metals to do solidification using Magnesia phosphate cement. Confirmed through above experiment that magnesia is effect in solidification and stabilization of chromium and lead.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제20권7호
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• pp.135-147
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• 2015

Remediation of metal(loid)s-contaminated sites is crucial to protect human and ecosystem. Solidification and stabilization of metal(loid)s by the binder amendment is one of the cost-effective technologies. In this study, metal (loid)s in various field-contaminated soils obtained from steel-making, metal refinery and mining tillage were immobilized by the application of single binders such as diammonium phosphate (DAP), lime, and ladle slag. The efficiency of solidification and stabilization was evaluated by Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and the Standard, Measurements and Testing programme of European Union (SM&T) extraction processes. In terms of TCLP extraction, the binder was effective in order of lime > DAP > ladle slag. All binders were highly effective in the immobilization of Pb, Zn, Cu, Ni, and Cd. The increased immobilization efficiency is attributed to the increase in the Step III and IV fractions of the SM&T extraction. Lime and ladle slag were highly effective in the immobilization of the metal(loid)s, however, As release increased with DAP due to competition between the phosphate originated from DAP and arsenate. A further study is needed for the better immobilization of multi metal(loid)s using binary binders.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2000년도 가을 학술발표회 논문집(II)
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• pp.1199-1204
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• 2000

This study concerns the cement-solidification/stabilization of the municipal waste incineration fly-ash. Compressive strength and leaching test of heavy metals were evaluated for varying types and ratios of cements and the effects of some additives of Hauyne clinker and slag were also discussed. In the cases of using cement binders more than 10%, the compressive strength after 3 days showed the values over $20kgf/cm^2$. Type III cement and Hauyne clinker improved the compressive strength, especially early strength. And the values of leaching test showed that cement-solidification is effective method to stabilize heavy metals especialy when using type III cement and adding Hauyne clinker and slag,.

• 환경위생공학
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• 제18권4호
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• pp.36-44
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• 2003

The cement-based system among S/S(Solidification/Stabilization) is widely used to treat hazardous wastes. In this study, tannery sludge was solidified to evaluate the stabilization effects of using admixtures in the cement-based S/S. Fly ash as substitute also used to increase the strength of the S/S of hazardous waste. The compressive strength measurement and leaching experiment of chromium metal of solidified mortar were carried out to compare and evaluate the physical and chemical characteristics of solidified hazardous waste sludge. From the result of this study, there was increased of compressive strength by using AEW-3(early-hardening AE water reducing agent), and leaching concentration of chromium became low enough to satisfy the regulatory criteria. The successful solidification for the organic contaminant and heavy metal in hazardous waste should enable to treat by cement-based system using early-hardening AE water reducing admixture and fly ash as substituted cement.

• 한국콘크리트학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국콘크리트학회 2001년도 봄 학술발표회 논문집
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• pp.289-294
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• 2001

This study concerns the cement-solidification/stabilization of the waste with high concentration heavy metals. Compressive strength and leaching test of heavy metals were evaluated for ing types of cements and the effect of the additives of Hauyne clinker and slag were also cussed. Using ordinary portland cement, rapid hardening portland cement and the cement with additives solidification materials, it shows that the strength and stability of concrete is satisfactory and superiority is in the order of rapid hardening portland cement > the cement with additives > nary portland cements.