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Solidification/Stabilization of Heavy Metals in Sewage Sludge Prior to Use as a Landfill Cover Material  

Park, Youn-Jin (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
Shin, Won-Sik (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
Choi, Sang-June (Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University)
Lee, Hoon-Ha (Energy & Environment Research Division, Research Institute of Industrial Science and Technology)
Publication Information
Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers / v.32, no.7, 2010 , pp. 665-675 More about this Journal
Abstract
The effects of chemical binders (ladle slag, ordinary portland cement (OPC), hydroxyapatite and calcium hydroxide) on the solidification/stabilization of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb, Zn) in sewage sludge were evaluated by chemical leaching tests such as EDTA extraction, TCLP and sequential extraction. The results of EDTA extraction showed that heavy metal concentrations in sewage sludge were highly reduced after solidification/stabilization with slag, cement or calcium hydroxide. However, EDTA interrupted solidification/stabilization of heavy metals by hydroxyapatite. The TCLP-extracted heavy metal concentrations in sewage sludge after solidification/stabilization with chemical amendments were highly reduced. However, Cu concentration in the sewage sludge solidified/stabilized with slag, cement or calcium hydroxide increased because the pH of TCLP solution was higher than 7. Mixtures of sludge 1 : slag 0.2 : calcium hydroxide 0.1 (wt ratio) showed the least leachability in batch TCLP and EDTA extraction. The results of sequential extraction (SM&T, formaly BCR) indicated that the distribution of heavy metals changed from exchangable and carbonate fractions to strongly bound organic fraction. It was found that maximum leachate concentrations of Ba, Cd, Cr and Pb from sewage sludge amended with slag and calcium hydroxide were far below US EPA TCLP regulations.
Keywords
Solidification/Stabilization; Sewage Sludge; Heavy Metals; Chemical Binders; Ladle Slag; Ordinary Portland Cement(OPC); Hydroxyapatite; Calcium Hydroxide;
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