• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.135-158
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• 2015

An efficient management system of mercury-containing waste was designed by reviewing the management and treatment of spent fluorescent lamp in Korea and foreign countries. According to Waste Management Act in Korea, mercury-containing wastes from households are classified as municipal solid wastes even though mercury-containing wastes pose hazardous risks. In general, hence, mercury-containing wastes from households are not being managed properly because those wastes from households were not classified as specific wastes (or hazardous wastes). Some mercury-containing wastes are managed as a mandatory target item in waste charge system and Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) system under Act on Promotion for Saving and Recycling of Resources. An efficient management plan of mercury-containing wastes can be derived with an improved collection system, designating disposal sites and advanced treatment facilities for spent fluorescent lamps. Finally, the role of each agent involved from collection to disposal of mercury-containing wastes was suggested to establish the efficient management system for mercury-containing waste.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF PACKAGING SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.105-111
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• 2009

In this work, source reduction of poly ethylene terephthalate (PET) packaging are discussed as aspect of sustainability, such as reuse, refill and recycling through the various treatment methods and historical studies for municipal solid waste (MSW) disposal. Since PET has good chemical, physical and mechanical properties, and provides good oxygen and carbon dioxide barrier properties, PET is one of the most widely used thermoplastic polyester in the U.S. and around the world. As the demand for non-renewable PET is increasing, several approaches have been developed to meet economical feasibility and environmental responsibility without degrading material performance. Several companies, such as Coca-Cola Co., Easterform Packaging Co. and Kraft, have tried to develop lightweight PET bottle, and some of lightweight PET bottles are already commercialized. Reuse and refilling for PET container is well developed in Europe, such as Denmark, German and Netherland by supportive legislation and policies. Recycling process is the best way to economically reduce PET waste. In consequence, advanced technique and further development must be provided due to increasing PET packaging waste.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Resources Recycling Conference
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• 2001.05b
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• pp.19-22
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• 2001

In recent years, the creation of waste recycling society has been required to cope with the traditional ways of waste treatments. In accordance with the package recycling law in force, calls for the developments of new waste treatment techniques suitable for 21st century are growing higher. A new ash melting furnace system named Eco Burner Ash Melting Furnace System has been developed. It is a burner type ash melting system in which the fluffs made of the plastics segregated from municipal solid wastes are directly fired at high temperature in the furnace. This system provides an economical ash melting system because plastic wastes or paper scraps that have heretofore been considered hard to recycle are used in compensation for fossil fuel. In this paper, we describe the ash melting test results obtained from a substantiative facility.

• 한국신재생에너지학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.531-534
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• 2006

The first RDF production plant in Korea is going to start commercial operation at Won-Ju city in October this year, where municipal solid waste is treated and converted to RBF. Korean government is preparing the quality standard of RDF and starting a new waste policy of RDF promotion instead of general waste treatment technologies such as incineration or landfill. In Europe the EU member states have decided the united quality standard of RDF to increase the amount of new & renewable energy through the promotion of RDF utilization. New quality standard of RDF and trade market of RDF in Europe is introduced in this paper.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.96-102
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• 2009

The effect of ultrasonic and alkaline pre-treatments on waste activated sludge (WAS) disintegration was investigated for improved anaerobic digestion. As WAS was treated by either methods, longer capillary suction time (CST) was required due to the break-up of cell walls, and its supernatant demonstrated increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), protein content and turbidity. Ultrasonic process combined with alkaline pre-treatment demonstrated higher SCOD and protein content in the supernatant as compared with ultrasonic pre-treatment only. However, the degree of disintegration (DDCOD) of WAS decreased with increasing solid concentration as both WAS disintegration methods employed simultaneously.

• Journal of Korean Society on Water Environment
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.674-681
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• 2009

Characteristics of organic matters (OM) in wastewater and the removal efficiencies were investigated using the influent and the effluent samples collected from 21 wastewater treatment plants. The OM characteristics investigated included biodegradability, humic content, specific UV absorbance (SUVA), the distribution percentage of refractory OM (R-OM), and synchronous fluorescence spectra. The types of wastewater (sewage, livestock waste/night soils, industrial waste) were easily distinguished by comparing the synchronous fluorescence spectra of the influent wastewater. The prominent peak of protein-like fluorescence (PLF) was observed for livestock waste/night soils whereas sewage exhibited a unique fluorescence peak at a wavelength of 370 nm. Irrespective of the wastewater types, the distribution percentage of R-OM increased from the influent to the effluent. Livestock waste/night soils showed the highest removal efficiency among all the three types of wastewater. There was no statistical difference of the removal efficiency between a traditional activated sludge and biological advanced treatment processes. Removal efficiency based on dissolved organic carbon DOC presented good correlations with the distribution percentage of R-OM and fulvic-like fluorescence (FLF) of the influent. The prediction for DOC removal efficiency was improved by using multiple regression analyses based on some selected OM characteristics and mixed liquid suspended solid (MLSS).

• Journal of the Korean GEO-environmental Society
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.13-20
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• 2009

There have been increasing interests in the odor generation problems as concerns about the quality of life has been increased recently. Especially, approximately 67% of the odor complaints from environmental facilities are those from sewage treatment facilities and food waste treatment facilities. Moreover, sewage ocean dumping will be prohibited from 2012 by the international and domestic ocean laws, and thus, demand for alternative management plans is increasing. Therefore, it was first selected 5 sewage treatment facilities and 5 food waste treatment facilities where the amounts of waste are relatively immense in Busan, and collect their sludge samples. Then it was investigated the samples' physical and chemical characteristics through proximate analysis, elemental analysis, XRF analysis, and calorific value analysis. Finally, estimate the $H_2S$ emission rates were estimated in order to apply the results as the basic data for providing the fundamental solution for the oder complaints. As a result, the concentration of $H_2S$ in sewage sludge and in food waste treatment facility were 57.3 mg/kg and 19.7 mg/kg in average, respectively. Finally, the units of $H_2S$ in wastes stored in total 10 waste treatment facilities was estimated 16,017,910.0 mg/d.

• Journal of Environmental Health Sciences
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.51-58
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• 1993

The integrated solid waste management for Seoul Metropolitan city can be established on the basis of the following hierarchy of priorities: 1. Efforts for source reduction should be propelled by both government and citizens to achieve the effects of resource conservation. The adequate production and consumption which are environmentally amenable and sustainable can be induced by the reasonable imposition of deposit money for waste treatment to one-time use products. To accomplish source reduction effectively, the induction of legal and institutional regulation of producer and consumer participation is requisite. 2. For resource recovery, wastes generated should be recycled as far as practicable. Community residents are responsible to separate discharge, the authorities concerned have responsibility of separate collection, and recycling industry should be assissted through tax reduction and financing. Resource separation facilities can be constructed at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site for wastes not separately collected due to some unavoidable circumstances. 3. Garbage should be composted. Garbage is uneconomical for incineration, because it has high moisture content and low calorie, thus there is no reason for the incineration of garbage even though garbage is classified into combustibles. Composting facilities can be located at sites which are not densely populated and easily accessible to transportation, for example, Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site. Compost produced can be managed by the authorities for the use of fertilizer to a green tract of suburban land and farms. 4. Nonhazardous combustible wastes not recyclable can be utilized for thermal recovery at the incinerators which are completely equipped with pollution control devices. According to the trend of local autonomy and the equity principle of local autonomous entities, incineration facilities of minimal capacity required can be constructed at each districts of Seoul Metropolitan city which have organized local assembly. In case of Yangcheon district, the economically combustible waste quantity is about 260 tons/day which exceeds 150 tons/day, the incineration capacity of existing facility. But, from now on, waste quantity can be reduced substantially by the intensive efforts of citizens for source reduction and recycling and the institutional support of administrative organizations. Especially, it is indispensable for the government to constitute institutional and technological bases that can recycle paper and plastics form 43% of waste generated. A good time for constructing of incineration facilities for municipal solid waste can be postponed to the time that pollution control technologies of domestic enterprises are fully developed to satisfy the standards of air pollution prevention, because the life expectancy of Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site is about 25 years. Within this period, institutional improvements and technological advancements can be attained, while the air qual. ity of Seoul Metropolitan city can be ameliorated to the level to afford incineration facilities. 5. For final disposal, incombustibles and ash are landfilled sanitarily at Kimpo Metropolitan landfill site.

• Membrane and Water Treatment
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• v.9 no.5
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• pp.335-342
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• 2018

Micelle-Enhanced Ultrafiltration (MEUF) is a membrane separation processes that improving ultrafiltration process with the formation of micelles of the surface active agents. Surface active agents are widely used to improve membrane processes due to the ability to trap organic compounds and metals in the treatment of industrial waste water. In this study, surface active agents are used to improve micelle-enhanced ultrafiltration (MEUF) to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solid (TDS), turbidity and clogging the membrane in dairy wastewater treatment. Three important operational factors (anionic surface active agent concentration, pressure and pH) and these interactions were investigated by using response surface methodology (RSM) and Box-Behnken design. Results show that due to the concentration polarization layer and increase the number of Micelles; the anionic surface active agent concentration has a negative effect on the flux and has a positive effect on the elimination of contamination indices. pH, and the pressure have the greatest effect on flux. On the other hand, it could be stated that these percentages of separation are in the percentages range of Nano-filtration (NF). While MEUF process has higher flux than NF process. The results have been achieved at lower pressure while NF process needs high pressure, thus making MEUF is the replacement for the NF process.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.87-93
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• 1998

In spite of various applications of chitin derivatives from waste marine sources, commercial use of chitin has been limited due to resistance to chemicals and the absense of proper solvents. We prepared chitin through decalcification, bleaching and deproteination from protunus trituberculatus shells by the application of Hackman's method. Structural and chemical properties of chitin were investigated to have proper specific surface area and particle size by IR, BET and PSA. The amount of absorbed water of chitin reached equilibrium by stirring about 15 minutes. The amount of absored water of the prepared chitin were large than the commercial chitin. When prepared chitin tested on dyeing wastewater, they showed better treatment efficiency in COD, suspended solid, and color tests than the commercial chitin. The adsorption capacity increased with decreasing particle size for the prepared chitin. Treatment efficiency for color was increased as the sitirring rate increased. Results show the possibility of the prepared chitin from waste marine sources as a treatment system for dyeing wastewater.