• 대한금속재료학회지
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• 제48권9호
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• pp.856-860
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• 2010

Silver nanoparticles were formed on silica substrates through thin film dewetting at high temperature. The microstructural and morphological evolution of the particles were characterized as a function of processing variables such as initial film thickness, annealing time, and temperature. Silver thin films were deposited onto the silica using a pulsed laser deposition system and annealed in reducing atmosphere to induce agglomeration of the films. The film thicknesses before dewetting were in the range of 5 to 25 nm. A noticeable agglomeration occurs with annealing at temperatures higher than $300^{\circ}C$, and higher annealing temperature increases particle size uniformity for the same film thickness sample. Average particle size linearly correlates to the film thickness, but it does not strongly depend on annealing temperature and time, although threshold temperature for complete dewetting increases with an increase of film thickness. Lower annealing temperature develops faceted surface morphology of the silver particles by enhancing the growth of the low index crystal plane of the particles.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• 제19권4호
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• pp.231-236
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• 2015

A 17-year-old girl presented with complaints of headache and decreasing vision of one month's duration, without any history of fever, weight loss, or any evidence of an immuno-compromised state. Her neurological examination was normal, except for papilledema. Laboratory investigations were within normal limits, except for a slightly increased Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate (ESR). Non-contrast computerized tomography of her head revealed complex mass in left frontal lobe with a concentric, slightly hyperdense, thickened wall, and moderate perilesional edema with mass effect. Differential diagnoses considered in this case were pilocytic astrocytoma, metastasis and abscess. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) obtained in 3.0 Tesla (3.0T) scanner revealed a lobulated outline cystic mass in the left frontal lobe with two concentric layers of T2 hypointense wall, with T2 hyperintensity between the concentric ring. Moderate perilesional edema and mass effect were seen. Post gadolinium study showed a markedly enhancing irregular wall with some enhancing nodular solid component. No restricted diffusion was seen in this mass in diffusion weighted imaging (DWI). Magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed increased lactate and lipid peaks in the central part of this mass, although some areas at the wall and perilesional T2 hyperintensity showed an increased choline peak without significant decrease in N-acetylaspartate (NAA) level. Arterial spin labelling (ASL) and dynamic susceptibility contrast (DSC) enhanced perfusion study showed decrease in relative cerebral blood volume at this region. These features in MRI were suggestive of brain abscess. The patient underwent craniotomy with excision of a grayish nodular lesion. Abundant acid fast bacilli (AFB) in acid fast staining, and epithelioid cell granulomas, caseation necrosis and Langhans giant cells in histopathology, were conclusive of tubercular abscess. Tubercular brain abscess is a rare manifestation that simulates malignancy and cause diagnostic dilemma. MRI along with MRS and magnetic resonance perfusion studies, are powerful tools to differentiate lesions in such equivocal cases.

• 대한화학회지
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• 제54권2호
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• pp.183-191
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• 2010

1-Palmitoyl-$d_{31}$-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylcholine (POPC_$d_{31}$)로 이루어진 지질 이중막에 항균성 펩타이드 magainin 2와 aurein 3.3이 작용했을 때 일어나는 상변화를 중수소 고체 핵자기 공명 스펙트럼을 관측하여 탐구하였다. 측정된 중수소 고체 핵자기 공명 스펙트럼의 선모양을 이론적 모델 구조를 통하여 모사함으로써, 펩타이드-지질 혼합상태의 기하학적 구조상수 및 동력학적 표면 확산 계수 등을 구하였다. 펩타이드의 혼합 이후 5일 이내의 짧은 작용시간에는 지질 이중막의 정렬이 파괴되는 현상이 나타났으나, 100일 이후에는 magainin 2에 의해서는 타원형 원환체 기공 (elliptic toroidal pore)이, aurein 3.3에 의해서는 6각형 단면 막대구조 상(hexagonal phase)이 관측되었다. 지질 이중막 표면의 전하밀도가 항균성 펩타이드의 작용에 미치는 효과를 보기 위해 산성 지질인 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphatidylglycerol (POPG)를 함유한 POPC_$d_{31}$/POPG 지질 이중막에 대해서도 동일한 실험을 수행하였다. 동일한 ${\alpha}$-나선형 구조를 가지는 두 펩타이드가 두 종류의 지질 이중막에 작용하는 과정의 차이를 확인할 수 있었다.

• 한국결정성장학회지
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• 제15권6호
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• pp.269-275
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• 2005

Ni/Ni-aluminide//Ti/Ti-aluminide 경사기능 층상 복합재료를 박막 hot press법을 이용하여 제작하였다. NiAl과 $TiAl_3$ 금속간화합물 층이 자전고온합성반응을 통해 비교적 두껍게 형성되었고, 얇고 연속적인 $Ni_3Al$과 TiAl 층이 고상 확산을 통해 형성되었다. 파괴저항은 하중 방향이 crack arrester인 경우가 금속 층이 균열의 성장을 방해하기 때문에 crack divider 방향인 경우보다 높다. $Ni_3Al$과 NiAl 금속간화합물 층은 각각 벽개파괴와 입계파괴 거동을 보였고, $TiAl_3$층의 파괴 형태는 입내벽개파괴이었다. Ni/Ni-aluminide 층에서 관찰되는 기공과 금속 층과 금속간화합물 층의 미결합 부위가 낮은 파괴저항의 원인으로 판단된다. Acoustic emission (AE) 원파형 해석을 통해 제작된 복합재료의 파괴특성을 고찰하였다.

• 한국분말재료학회지
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• 제6권3호
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• pp.215-223
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• 1999

The synthesis of $Ni_5Si_2,\;Ni_2Si$ and NiSi has been investigated by mechanical alloying (MA) of Ni-27.9at%Si, Ni-33.3at%Si and Ni-50.0at%Si powder mixtures. As-received and premilled elemental powders were subjected to MA. The as-received Ni powder was spherical and the mean particle size 48.8$\mu$m, whereas the premilled Ni powder was flaky and the mean particle diameter and thickness were found to be 125 and 5$\mu$m, respectively. The mean surface area of the premilled Mi powder particle was 3.5 times as large as that of the as-received Ni powder particle. The as-received Si powder was was 10.0$\mu$m. Self-propagating high-temperature synthesis (SHS) reaction, followed by a slow reaction (a solid state diffusion), was observed to produce each Ni silicide during MA of the as-received elemental powders. In other word , the reactants and product coexisted for a long period of MA of time. Only SHS reaction was, however, observed to produce each Ni silicide during MA of the premilled elemental powders, indicating that each Ni sillicide formed rather abruptly at a short period of MA time. The mechanisms and reaction rates for the formation of the Ni silicides appeared to be influenced by the elemental powder particle size and shape as well as the heat of formation of the products $(Ni_5Si_2$longrightarrow-43.1kJ/mol.at., $Ni_2Si$$\rightarrow$-47.6kJ/mol.at.).

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제54권4호
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• pp.340-348
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• 2017

$SiC_f/SiC$ composites were joined using a $60{\mu}m-thick$ $Ti_3AlC_2$ or $Ti_3SiC_2$ MAX phase tape. The filler tape was inserted between the $SiC_f/SiC$ composites containing a 12 wt.% $Al_2O_3-Y_2O_3$ sintering additive. The joining was performed to a butt-joint configuration at $1600^{\circ}C$ or $1750^{\circ}C$ in an Ar atmosphere by applying 3.5 MPa using a hot press. Microstructural and phase analyses at the joining interface confirmed the decomposition of $Ti_3AlC_2$ and $Ti_3SiC_2$, indicating the joining by solid-state diffusion. The results showed sound joining interface without the presence of cracks. Joining strengths higher than 150 MPa could be obtained for the joints using $Ti_3AlC_2$ or $Ti_3SiC_2$ at $1750^{\circ}C$, while those for joined at $1600^{\circ}C$ decreased to 100 MPa approximately without the deformation of the joining bodies. The thickness of initial filler tape was reduced significantly after joining because of the decomposition and migration of MAX phase owing to the plasticity at high temperatures.

• 한국진공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국진공학회 2010년도 제39회 하계학술대회 초록집
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• pp.157-157
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• 2010

Vertical-structure light-emitting diodes (V-LEDs) by laser lift-off (LLO) have been exploited for high-efficiency GaN-based LEDs of solid-state lightings. In V-LEDs, emitted light from active regions is reflected-up from reflective ohmic contacts on p-GaN. Therefore, silver (Ag) is very suitable for reflective contacts due to its high reflectance (>95%) and surface plasmon coupling to visible light emissions. In addition, low contact resistivity has been obtained from Ag-based ohmic contacts annealed in oxygen ambient. However, annealing in oxygen ambient causes Ag to be oxidized and/or agglomerated, leading to degradation in both electrical and optical properties. Therefore, preventing Ag from oxidation and/or agglomeration is a key aspect for high-performance V-LEDs. In this work, we demonstrate the enhanced thermal stability of Ag-based Ohmic contact to p-GaN by reducing the thermal compressive stress. The thermal compressive stress due to the large difference in CTE between GaN ($5.6{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$) and Ag ($18.9{\times}10^{-6}/^{\circ}C$) accelerate the diffusion of Ag atoms, leading to Ag agglomeration. Therefore, by increasing the additional residual tensile stress in Ag film, the thermal compressive stress could be reduced, resulting in the enhancement of Ag agglomeration resistance. We employ the thin Ni layer in Ag film to form Ni/Ag mutli-layer structure, because the lattice constant of NiO ($4.176\;{\AA}$ is larger than that of Ag ($4.086\;{\AA}$). High-resolution symmetric and asymmetric X-ray diffraction was used to measure the in-plane strain of Ag films. Due to the expansion of lattice constant by oxidation of Ni into NiO layer, Ag layer in Ni/Ag multi-layer structure was tensilely strained after annealing. Based on experimental results, it could be concluded that the reduction of thermal compressive stress by additional tensile stress in Ag film plays a critical role to enhance the thermal stability of Ag-based Ohmic contact to p-GaN.

• 분석과학
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• 제6권2호
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• pp.197-205
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• 1993

닉켈과 크롬 20% 혼합분말을 실험실용 아트리터에서 시간을 달리하여 밀링하였고 입도분포, 미세조직 및 X-레이 회절 특성을 조사하였다. 합금화 상태를 확인하고자 포화자화값과 보자력값을 측정하였고 플라즈마 용해 잉곳 경우와 비교하였다. 기계적 합금화는 분말의 미세화 단계 후 크롬이 닉켈 속으로 확산이 일어나는 계면적의 증가에 의해서 진행하였다. 그러나 15시간 이상 밀링 후 서브 미크론 크기의 결정립으로 정상상태가 이루어졌음에도 불구하고 용해 잉곳과 같이 조성적으로 균일한 고용합금의 자성특성이 관찰되지 않았다. 밀링 시간이 길어질수록 결정립의 크기는 미세화되었으며 합금층이 증가하였다. 따라서 조성의 균질화는 분말의 소성변형에 의해서 일어나는 성분분말 사이의 계면적 증가와 계면내에서 입계 또는 전위와 같은 격자결함을 통해 크롬의 닉켈 속으로 확산에 의해서 율속되는 것으로 생각된다.

• 한국세라믹학회지
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• 제38권9호
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• pp.787-793
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• 2001

고상 반응법으로 제조된 $La_{0.6}Sr_{0.4}Co_{0.2}Fe_{0.8}O_{3-{\delta}}$ 분리막의 소결거동을 살펴보고, 분리막 양면에 산소농도의 차이를 부여하여 산소투과량을 측정하였다. 최적 소결조건에서 제조된 상대밀도 98%의 치밀한 분리막 자체의 산소공공을 통한 혼합전도에 기인해 750$^{\circ}$C∼950$^{\circ}$C의 온도구간에서 산소가 투과되었으며, 850$^{\circ}$C에서 약 0.1ml/$cm^2{\cdot}$min의 투과량을 나타내었다. 안정한 산소 투과량에 도달하기 위해서는 산소투입 후 일정한 시간이 요구되었고, 이러한 산소투과량은 산소부분압의 조절로 제어가 가능하였다.

• 한국결정학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국결정학회 2002년도 정기총회 및 추계학술연구발표회
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• pp.16-16
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• 2002

The presently commercialized lithium-ion batteries use layer structured LiCoO₂ cathodes. Because of the high cost and toxicity of cobalt, an intensive search for new cathode materials has been underway in recent years. Recently, a concept of a one-to-one solid state mixture of LiNO₂ and LiMnO₂, i.e., Li[Ni/sub 0.5/Mn/sub 0.5/]O₂, was adopted by Ohzuku and Makimura to overcome the disadvantage of LiNiO₂ and LiMnO₂. Li[Ni/sub 0.5/Mn/sub 0.5/]O₂ has the -NaFeO₂ structure, which is characteristic of the layered LiCoO₂ and LiNiO₂ structures and shows excellent cycleability with no indication of spinel formation during electrochemical cycling. Layered Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂ (x = 0.5 and 0.475) materials with high homogeneity and crystallinity were synthesized using a mechanical alloying method. The Li[Ni/sub 0.475/Co/sub 0.05/Mn/sub 0.475/]O₂ electrode delivers a high discharge capacity of 187 mAh/g between 2.8 and 4.6 V at a high current density of 0.3 mA/㎠(30 mA/g) with excellent cycleability. The charge/discharge and differential capacity vs. voltage studies of the Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂ (x = 0.5 and 0.475) materials showed only one redox peak up to 50 cycles, which indicates that structural phase transitions are not occurred during electrochemical cycling. The magnitude of the diffusion coefficients of lithium ions for Li[Ni/sub x/Co/sub 1-2x/Mn/sub x/]O₂(x = 0.5 and 0.475) are around 10/sup -9/ ㎠/s measured by the galvanostatic intermittent titration technique (GITT).