• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.14 no.4
• /
• pp.72-78
• /
• 1998

In this work, the effects of binder materials on the tribological behavior were experimentally evaluated for air curable MoS$_2$bonded film lubricants. The binders tested were basically alkyd and acryl based resins, and also were modified by nitro-cellulose in various weight percentages. Effects on the binder ratio to solid lubricants and the molecular weight of binders were also investigated in all aspects of the tribological behavior. For the tests, LFW-1 and Falex tester were used to measure mainly the endurance life and load carrying capacity of bonded lubricants. Results showed that lubricants of methacrylic resin has the better performance than those of other resins, and also the properties of lubricants both of alkyd and acrylic resins could be improved by modification with nitro-cellulose. It was also shown that the optimum ratio of nitro-cellulose related closely to the binder material and the testing machine.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.44 no.6
• /
• pp.269-276
• /
• 2011

Phase evolution and tribological behavior of Cr-Mo-N multi compositional films with different interlayer were investigated. The films were deposited by hybrid PVD (Physical Vapor Deposition) system consisted of dc unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. A pure molybdenum (Mo) was used as sputtering target and also a pure Cr was used as AIP target to form the Cr-Mo-N films. Various growth planes were found, no textured surface, in all of the multi composition films. Maximum value of microhardness was measured in Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer as 29 GPa. Composition film was mainly showed the aspect of the adhesive wear than CrN film. The friction coefficient was decreased from 0.6 for pure CrN coating to 0.35 for Cr-Mo-N film with Mo interlayer. This result may come from the formation of metal oxide tribo-layer which is known as solid lubricant during the wear test.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
• /
• 1998.04a
• /
• pp.328-334
• /
• 1998

In this work, friction materials with three different formulations containing different amounts of the solid lubricants were investigated to study the role of lubricants on the friction performance. The three friction materials contained graphite 10 vol. %, graphite 7 vol. % + MoS$_2$ 3 vol.%, and graphite 7 vol. % + $Sb_2S_3$ 3 vol. %, respectively, with the same amount of other ingredients. Results of this work showed that each formulation with different lubricants had unique advantages and disadvantages. The friction materials containing graphite 7 vol. % + MoS$_2$ 3 vol. % and graphite 7 % + $Sb_2S_3$ 3 vol. % showed better resistance to fading and improved friction stability compare to the friction materials containing graphite only as a lubricant. However, the friction materials with two lubricants (graphite + MoS$_2$ or $Sb_2S_3$) showed disadvantages on stick-slip phenomena, amplitude of torque, and rotor wear.

• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
• /
• v.16 no.6
• /
• pp.273-277
• /
• 2006

High velocity of oxy-fuel (HVOF) thermal spray coating is progressively replacing the other classical hard coatings such as chrome plating and ceramic coating by the classical methods, since the very toxic $Cr^{6+}$ ion is well known as carcinogen causing lung cancer, and the ceramic coatings are brittle. Co-alloy T800 powder is coated on the Inconel 718 substrates by the HVOF coating procesess developed by this laboratory. For the study of the possibility of replacing of chrome plating, the wear properties of HVOF Co-alloy T800 coatings are investigated using the reciprocating sliding tester with a counter sliding SUS 304 ball both at room and at an elevated temperature of $1000^{\circ}F\;(538^{\circ}C)$. The possibility as durability improvement coating is studied for the application to the high speed spindles vulnerable to frictional heat and wear. Wear mechanisms at the reciprocating sliding wear test are studied far the application to the systems similar to the sliding test such as high speed spindles. Wear debris and frictional coefficients of T800 coatings both at room and at an elevated temperature of $538^{\circ}C$ are drastically reduced compared to those of non-coated surface of Inconel 718 substrates. Wear traces and friction coefficients of both coated and non-coated surfaces are drastically reduced at a high temperature of $538^{\circ}C$ compared with those at room temperature. These show that the coating is highly recommendable far the durability Improvement coating on the surfaces vulnerable to frictional heat and wear.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
• /
• 2000.05a
• /
• pp.833-836
• /
• 2000

The mechanical and thermal load. and thermal softening which is happened by the high temperature of die, in hot and warm forging, cause wear. heat checking and plastic deformation, etc. This study is for the effects of solid lubricants and surface treatments for warm forging die Because cooling effect and low friction are essential to the long lift of dies. optimal surface treatments and lubricants are very important to hot and warm forging Process. The heat that is generated by repeated forging processes. and its transfer are important factors to affect die life. The main factors, which affect die hardness and heat transfer, are surface treatments and lubricants, which are related to thermal diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient, etc. For verifying these. experiments art performed for diffusion coefficient and heat transfer coefficient in various conditions - different initial billet temperatures and different loads. Carbonitriding and ionitriding are used as surface treatments. and oil- base and water-base graphite lubrirants are used. The effects of lubricant and surface treatment for warm forging die lift are explained by their thermal characteristics.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Process Engineers
• /
• v.19 no.12
• /
• pp.56-61
• /
• 2020

Fuel economy has always been a major issue in the automobile industry, especially owing to the associated environmental concerns. It is widely known that only 5-20% of the energy generated by automobiles running on internal combustion engine engines is used as power, while the rest is consumed because of friction between components. The main components of the reciprocating piston type compressor used in vehicles, such as the shaft, swash plate, piston, and cylinder, cause severe energy loss owing to frictional contact between each other. The wear contact between the main shaft and the other components is particularly severe. Most quality issues arise owing to the sticking phenomenon that occurs between these parts. In this study, a coating solution to reduce friction is prepared by mixing adhesive solid lubricant, organic binder-polyadimide, inorganic binder (Binder), and graphite in four different ratios, and the best combination is determined.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
• /
• v.12 no.7
• /
• pp.568-572
• /
• 2002

Plasma sulfnitriding technology was employed to harden the surface of SKD61 steel. The plasma sulfnitriding was performed with 3 torr gas pressure at $580^{\circ}C$ for 20 hours. Plasma sulfnitriding resulted in the formation of very thin $2-3\mu\textrm{m}$ FeS sulfide layer on top of $15-20\mu\textrm{m}$ compound layer, which consisted of predominantly $\varepsilon$- $Fe{2-3}$ N and a second phase of $\Upsilon'-Fe_4$N. In comparision with plasma nitriding treatment, plasma sulfnitriding treatment showed better surface roughness and corrosion resistance due to the presence of the thin FeS layer. which coated microvoids and microcracks on top of the nitrided layer. It was also found that plasma sulfnitrided sample showed better wear resistance due to the presence of the thin FeS layer which acted as a solid lubricant.

• Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
• /
• v.50 no.8
• /
• pp.549-556
• /
• 2012

The tribological behavior of CrMoN films with respect to surface chemistry was investigated by using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). All of the films were prepared from a hybrid PVD system consisting of DC unbalanced magnetron (UBM) sputtering and arc ion plating (AIP) sources. The tribological property of the films was evaluated by a friction coefficient using a Ball-on-disk type tribometer. The chemistry of wear track was analyzed by energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and XPS. The friction coefficient was measured to be 0.4 for the CrMoN film, which is lower than that of a monolithic CrN film. EDS and XPS results imply the formation of an oxide layer on the coating surface, which was identified as molybdenum oxide phases, known to be a solid lubricant during the wear test.

• Tribology and Lubricants
• /
• v.3 no.2
• /
• pp.50-55
• /
• 1987

윤활제가 없는 경우와 고체 윤활제를 사용하였을 경우 세라믹 SiC의 마찰 마모시험을 상온 및 고온에서 실시하였다. 이때 사용한 마모시험기는 Two-disk형이고, 마찰속도는 132mm/sec이며, 하중의 2.6N에서 10.4N의 범위이다. 실험결과에 의하면 고체윤활제(흑연. Mos$_2$)는 세라믹의 마찰마모를 300$\circ$C 이하에서 모두 효과적으로 감소시킬 수 있었다. 또 300$\circ$C 이하에서는 Mox$_2$가 더 효과적인 윤활제 역할을 하고 300$\circ$C 이상에서는 흑연이 더 효과적이었다. 그원인은 윤활제 피막형성 및 파괴가 윤활 효과에 지배적인 영향을 미치고 온도상승에 따라 각 윤활제의 특성이 달라지기 때문이었음이 SEM 이나 EDS에 의해 밝혀졌다. 따라서 고온에서 윤활효과를 증대시키기 위해서는 윤활피막의 접착을 강하게 해줄 수 있는 접착 첨가물이 필요하다. 고온에서 윤활이 안된 경우 마모는 결정경계를 통한 입자들의 파괴가 주로 원이되나 낮은 온도나 윤활상태에서는 결정경계에 무관한 연마 마모가 마모를 지배하고 있었다.

• Journal of the Korean institute of surface engineering
• /
• v.39 no.2
• /
• pp.70-75
• /
• 2006

As technology advances, there is a demand for development of hard, solid lubricant coating. (Ti,Cr)N-$MoS_2$, films were deposited on SKD 11 tool steel substrate by co-deposition of $MoS_2$, with (Ti,Cr)N using a D.C. magnetron sputtering process. The influence of the $N_2/Ar$ gas ratio, the deposition temperature, the amount of $MoS_2$ in the films, and the bias voltage on the mechanical and the structural properties of the films were investigated. Wear tests were performed on the films deposited in various conditions.