• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제48권1호
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• pp.10-15
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• 2010

다양한 원료유로부터 바이오디젤을 효율적으로 생산할 수 있는 고체촉매 개발을 위한 연구가 활발하게 진행되고 있다. 다양한 고체촉매 중 금속산화물계 촉매와 이온교환수지 촉매가 특히 유망한 것으로 평가되고 있다. 금속 산화물계 촉매의 경우 고체 촉매의 활성을 높이기 위해 반응 활성이 높은 촉매성분과 지지체의 탐색 및 촉매 성분을 지지체에 안정적으로 담지할 수 있는 기술이 주로 연구되고 있다. 특히 금속 산화물 촉매는 열적 안정성이 우수하여 고온이 요구되는 폐유지의 전이에스테르화- 에스테르화 동시 반응 시스템에서 활용성이 높을 것으로 평가된다. 이온교환수지 촉매는 반응 온도가 제한되므로 유리지방산의 에스테르화 반응 연구에 주로 적용되고 있다. 두 가지 고체촉매 모두 상용화 공정에 적용을 위해서는 보다 많은 연구가 진행되어야 한다. 특히 고체 촉매의 재사용에 따른 활성 저하 문제 해결이 주 과제가 될 것으로 보인다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제33권6호
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• pp.1834-1838
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• 2012

A facile route for the synthesis of dimethyl glutarate (DMG) from cyclobutanone and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) in the presence of solid base catalysts has been developed. It was found that the intermediate carbomethoxycyclobutanone (CMCB) was produced from cyclobutanone with DMC in the first step, and then CMCB was further converted to DMG by reacting with a methoxide group. The role of the basic catalysts can be mainly ascribed to the activation of cyclobutanone $via$ the abstraction of a proton in the ${\alpha}$-position by base sites, and solid bases with moderate strength, such as MgO, favor the formation of DMG.

• 한국재료학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.83-89
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• 2004

SiC nanotubes were synthesized by SLS growth mechanism using various metal catalysts. Synthesized nanotubes had mean diameters of 20~50 nm and several $\mu\textrm{m}$ length. The kind of catalysts affected microstructures of SiC nanotubes by different diffusion routes. These differences are attributed to catalysts' physical properties and relative activities to the graphite substrate. Fe acted as a good catalyst of SLS growth mechanism. But in case of Ni, SiC nanotubes grew slowly. Optical property was measured by photoluminescence measurement. Relatively broad peak was obtained and mean peak positioned at about 430 nm. This result was the same as other nanocrystalline SiC materials, but was different from the results of bulk SiC probably due to quantum confinement effect and defect in the grown SiC nanotube.

• 한국수소및신에너지학회논문집
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• 제25권2호
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• pp.122-130
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• 2014

Attrition characteristics of WGS catalysts for pre-combustion $ CO_2$ capture were investigated to check attrition loss of those catalysts, to check change of particle size distribution during attrition tests, and to determine solid circulation direction of WGS catalysts in a SEWGS system. The cumulative attrition losses of two catalysts increased with increasing time. However, attrition loss under humidified condition was lower than that under non-humidified condition case for long-term attrition tests. Between two catalysts, attrition loss of PC-29 catalyst was higher than that of commercial catalyst for long-term attrition tests. However, the commercial catalyst generated much more fines than PC-29 catalyst during attrition. Therefore, we conclude that the PC-29 catalyst is more suitable for fluidized bed operation if we take into account the separation efficiency of cyclone. Based on the results from the tests for the effect of humidity on the attrition loss, we selected solid circulation direction from SEWGS reactor to regeneration reactor because the SEWGS reactor contains more water vapor than regeneration reactor.

• Environmental Engineering Research
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.324-330
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• 2019

To recycle raw fly ash (RFA), a waste from thermal power plants, it was used to prepare solid catalysts which have many advantages compared with homogenous catalysts. When biodiesel was produced from soybean oil using RFA, only 1.2% of biodiesel conversion was obtained. A metal hydroxide, NaOH, KOH or $Ca(OH)_2$, was mixed with the acid-treated fly ash (ATFA), and the mixture was calcined at $700^{\circ}C$ for 3 h to prepare the solid catalyst. The solid catalyst prepared by mixing ATFA with NaOH, designated as SC-Na, showed a better performance than those prepared by mixing ATFA with KOH or $Ca(OH)_2$, respectively. The optimal mass ratio of ATFA with NaOH was 1:3, at which the proportion of $Na_2O$ increased to 60.2% in SC-Na, and 97.8% of biodiesel conversion was achieved under optimal reaction conditions (2 w% SC-Na relative to oil and 5 mL-methanol/g-oil at $50^{\circ}C$ for 4 h). Finally, a batch operation was repeatedly carried out to test the feasibility of reusing the solid catalyst, and more than 96% biodiesel conversion was stably achieved for the third round of operations. This study shows that RFA was successfully recycled to solid catalysts through a simple preparation method, and the solid catalyst was reused for the production of biodiesel with high conversion.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• 제46권2호
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• pp.279-285
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• 2008

여러 가지 고체산 촉매를 이용하여 2-naphthol과 에탄올의 에테르화 반응을 연구하였다. 본 연구에서 촉매는 CNS, CNSWS, SCMS, MCF, SBA-15와 이 촉매에 sulfonic acid를 붙인 $CNS-SO_3H$, $CNSWS-SO_3H$, $SCMS-SO_3H$, $MCF-SO_3H$, $SBA-15-SO_3H$를 사용하였다. 반응온도 $180^{\circ}C$, $LHSV=1h^{-1}$, 에탄올/2-naphthol의 몰 비 20인 조건으로 고정층 반응기에서 반응하여 각 촉매에서 2-naphthol의 전환율과 2-naphthyl ethyl ether의 선택도를 측정하였다. 2-naphthol의 전환율과 2-naphthyl ethyl ether의 선택도는 carbon 계열의 고체산 촉매에서 보다 silica 계열의 고체산 촉매에서 더 높게 나타났다. silica 계열의 고체산 촉매에서 2-naphthol의 전환율은 70~90%, 2-naphthyl ethyl ether의 선택도는 90% 이상으로 나타났다. 촉매의 특성을 관찰하기 위해 XRD, SEM, TEM, $NH_3-TPD$를 수행하였다.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• 제35권1호
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• pp.141-146
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• 2014

A series of bimetallic Cu-Zn/$SiO_2$ catalysts were prepared via thermal decomposition of the as-synthesized $CuZn(OH)_4(H_2SiO_3)_2{\cdot}nH_2O$ hydroxides precursors. This highly dispersed Cu-solid base catalyst is extremely effective for hydrogenation of ethyl acetate to ethanol. The reduction and oxidation features of the precursors prepared by coprecipitation method and catalysts were extensively investigated by TGA, XRD, TPR and $N_2$-adsorption techniques. Catalytic activity by ethyl acetate hydrogenation of reaction temperatures between 120 and $300^{\circ}C$, different catalyst calcination and reduction temperatures, different Cu/Zn loadings have been examined extensively. The relation between the performance for hydrogenation of ethyl acetate and the structure of the Cu-solid base catalysts with Zn loading were discussed. The detected conversion of ethyl acetate reached 81.6% with a 93.8% selectivity of ethanol. This investigation of the Cu-Zn/$SiO_2$ catalyst provides a recently proposed pathway for ethyl acetate hydrogenation reaction to produce ethanol over Cu-solid base catalysts.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제13권1호
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• pp.79-87
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• 2004

Esterification of soybean oil with methanol was investigated. First of all, liquid-liquid equilibriums for systems of soybean oil and methanol were measured at temperatures ranging from 40 to 65$^{\circ}C$. Profiles of conversion of soybean oil with time were determined from the glycerine content in reaction mixtures for the different kinds of catalysts, such as NaOH, CaO, Ca(OH)$_2$, MgO, Mg(OH)$_2$, and Ba(OH)$_2$. The effects of dose of catalyst, cosolvent and reaction temperature on final conversion were examined. Esterification of waste vegetable oil with methanol was investigated and compared to the case of soybean oil. Solubility of methanol in soybean oil was substantially greater than that of soybean oil in methanol. When the esterification reaction of soybean oil was catalyzed by solid catalyst, final conversion was strongly dependent on the alkalinity of the solid catalyst, and increased with the alkalinity of the metal. Hydroxides from the alkali metals were more effective than oxides. When Ca(OH)$_2$ was used for the esterification catalyst, maximum value of final conversion was measured at dose of 4％. When CHCl$_3$ as a cosolvent, was added into the reaction mixture of soybean oil which catalyzed by Ba(OH)$_2$, maximum value of final conversion was appeared at dose of 3％. When waste vegetable oil was catalyzed by NaOH and solid catalysts, high final conversion, over 90％, and fast reaction rate were obtained.

• 한국자기공명학회논문지
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• 제4권1호
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• pp.1-11
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• 2000

Supported vanadium oxides are being used extensively as catalysts for a variety of reactions, including partial oxidations and ammoxidations. A series of vanadium oxide supported on TiO2-ZrO2 was obtained by impregnating ammonium metavanadate slowly into a mixed precipitateof Ti(OH)4-Zr(OH)4, followed by calcining in air at high temperatures. The prepared catalysts were characterized by 51V solid-state NMR. In the calcined catalysts 51V NMR studies indicated the peaks corresponding to distorted tetrahedral vanadia species at low V2O5 contents and octahedral vanadia species at high vanadia loadings. These results illustrate the suitability of 51V NMR as a unique quantitative spectroscopic tool in the structural analysis of vanadium(V) oxide catalytic materials.

• 공업화학
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.587-593
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• 2011

대기환경 규제와 자동차 성능 유지 등 고급 가솔린인 알킬레이트 생산공정에 대한 관심이 높아지고 있다. 알킬레이트는 이소부탄과 올레핀의 알킬레이션 반응을 통해서 생산된다. 하지만 기존의 공정에서 사용되고 있는 불산이나 황산의 유해성으로 인하여 새로운 친환경 촉매에 대한 연구가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 최근 기존의 고체산 촉매인 제올라이트 이외에 메조기공 촉매 및 이온성액체를 이용한 연구가 수행되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 이소부탄 알킬레이션 공정을 위한 친환경 촉매에 대한 논하려 한다.