• Carbon letters
• /
• v.9 no.3
• /
• pp.195-199
• /
• 2008

A nanocomposite consisting of $Fe_3O_4$ and MWCNT was produced via sol-gel technique using $FeCl_3$ along with MWCNT by calcination at $300^{\circ}C$. The degradation effect of rhodamine B dye has been investigated under UV illumination in a darkroom. The degradation reaction was studied by monitoring the discoloration of dye as a function of irradiation time using UV-visible spectrophotometeric technique. The $Fe_3O_4$-MWCNT samples have continuous degradation ability under the UV illumination with the first order kinetics and the dye removal was better than in the pristine $Fe_3O_4$. The resultant composite catalyst was found to be efficient for the photo-Fenton reaction of the dye.

• Journal of the Korean Magnetics Society
• /
• v.14 no.1
• /
• pp.46-50
• /
• 2004

Compounds of $Y_{3-x}Ce_{x}Fe{5}O_{12}$(x=0.0, 0.1, 0.2, and 0.3) were prepared using the sol-gel method. The XRD measurements show that these samples have only a single phase of the garnet structure regardless of the amount of Ce substitution. The lattice constants of x = 0.0 and x = 0.3 were found to be a$_0$ = 12.3758 ${\pm}$0.0005 ${\AA}$ and 12.4062 ${\pm}$0.0005 ${\AA}$, respectively. The lattice constant increases linearly with increasing Ce concentration. The saturation magnetization was not changed flirty, with increasing Ce concentration, but coercivity decreased form 18.3 Oe to 5.8 Oe as x increased form x = 0.0 to x = 0.1. Mossbauer spectra of $Y_{3-x}Ce_{x}Fe{5}O_{12}$ were measured at various absorber temperatures from 13 K to Neel temperature. The Mossbauer spectra were fitted by least-squares technique with two subpatterns of Fe sites in the structure and corresponding to the 16a and 24d site. The temperature dependence of the magnetic hyperfine field in $^{57}$/Fe nuclei at the tetrahedral 240 and octahedral 16a sites were analyzed based on the Neel theory of ferrirnagnetism. The result of the Debye temperatures indicated that the inter-atomic binding force for the 24d site was larger than that for the 16a site.

• The Journal of Korean Institute for Practical Engineering Education
• /
• v.4 no.2
• /
• pp.75-83
• /
• 2012

Due to the proliferation of smart devices, worldwide market growth of e-book content steep, but the domestic market shows relatively low growth rate and small size. In this study, a distribution modeling of the e-book business as a way to solve the problem of the domestic market of disabled was carried out to analyze the Amazon.com and Apple's e-book content distribution structure of the active leader in the U.S. market. And we tried to suggest a solution by investigation and analysis of the college students's receptive attitude on the e-book content as the main target to enable the markets based on the interest for publication. In adoption attitude survey, mainly low-readability and lack of content problem were reasons not to accommodate. There is a need to improve the quantity and quality of content through with technological advances and market participation together. For more participation, we expect to take advantage of the results of this study to establish or improve the systematic distribution structure.

• Food Science of Animal Resources
• /
• v.42 no.4
• /
• pp.593-608
• /
• 2022

The effect of hot-air dried Lentinula edodes pileus (DLE) on the quality and organoleptic properties of rolled-dumplings was evaluated. DLE was prepared by drying at 60℃ for 24 h and added (Non, 7%, and 9%) to rolled-dumplings. The proximate composition, pH, color (CIE L^*, a^*, b^*), and cooking yield were analyzed. Texture profile analysis, electronic-nose (e-nose), electronic-tongue (e-tongue), and organoleptic evaluation were also conducted. The cooking yield of dumplings with 9% DLE was significantly lower than that of the congeners without DLE, whereas 7% DLE did not lead to significant differences compared without DLE. With increasing DLE addition, the pH and lightness of the dumplings decreased significantly, whereas the redness tended to increase. The texture profile was significantly higher for the dumplings with DLE compared to those without DLE. E-nose analysis confirmed that DLE addition led to the positive odors (methanethiol: meaty, sulfurous; 3-methylbutanal: malty, toasted) and the negative odors (trimethylamine: ammoniacal; acetic acid: acidic, sour). E-tongue analysis showed that DLE addition decreased the intensity of the sourness and increased the intensity of the saltiness and umami of rolled-dumplings. DLE addition improved the overall organoleptic properties, but 9% DLE can be recognized as a foreign substance in organoleptic acceptance. Consequently, DLE has the potential to serve as a flavor and odor enhancer for rolled-dumplings, and the addition of DLE can positively improve consumer acceptance by improving the quality and organoleptic properties.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
• /
• v.66 no.2
• /
• pp.438-441
• /
• 2024

The Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium) strain AK_C_05 was isolated from cheonggukjang, the Korean traditional food, collected from a local market in South Korea. In this report, we presented the complete genome sequence of E. faecium strain AK_C_05. The genome of E. faecium strain AK_C_05 genome consisted of one circular chromosome (2,691,319 bp) with a guanine + cytosine (GC) content of 38.3% and one circular plasmid (177,732 bp) with a GC content of 35.48%. The Annotation results revealed 2,827 protein-coding sequences (CDSs), 18 rRNAs, and 68 tRNA genes. It possesses genes, which encodes enzymes such as alpha-galactosidase (EC 3.2.1.22), beta-glucosidase (EC 3.2.1.21) and alpha-L-arabinofuranosidase (EC 3.2.1.55) enabling efficient utilization of carbohydrates. Based on Clusters of Orthologous Groups analysis, E. faecium strain AK_C_05 showed specialization in carbohydrate transport and metabolism indicating the ability to generate energy using a variety of carbohydrates.

• Journal of Applied Biological Chemistry
• /
• v.57 no.2
• /
• pp.103-111
• /
• 2014

A1E is an extract from traditional Asian medicinal plants that has therapeutic activities against cancers, metabolic disease, and other intractable conditions. However, its mechanism of action on cervical cancer has not been studied. In order to ascertain if A1E would have pronounced anti-cervical cancer effect, cervical cancer cells were incubated with A1E and apoptosis was detected by nuclear morphological changes, annexin V-FITC/PI staining, cell cycle analysis, western blotting, Reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction, and measurement of mitochondrial membrane potential. Expression of human papiloma virus E6 and E7 oncogenes was down-regulated in A1E-treated cervical cancer cells, while p53 and retinoblastoma protein levels were enhanced. A1E also perturbed cell cycle progression at sub-G1 and altered cell cycle regulatory factors in SiHa cervical cancer cells. A1E activated apoptotic intrinsic pathway markers such as caspase-9, caspase-3 and poly ADP-ribose polymerase, and down-regulated expression of Bcl-2 and Bcl-xl. A1E induced mitochondrial membrane potential collapse and cytochrome c release, and inhibited phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/Akt, key factors involved in cell survival signaling. Taken all these results, A1E induced apoptosis via activation of the intrinsic pathway and inhibition of the PI3K/Akt survival-signaling pathway in SiHa cervical cancer cells. In conclusion, A1E exerts anti-proliferative action growth inhibition on cervical cancer cells through apoptosis which demonstrates its anti-cervical cancer properties.

• The Journal of Korea Institute of Information, Electronics, and Communication Technology
• /
• v.12 no.3
• /
• pp.312-320
• /
• 2019

In this paper, we design a 512Kb eFlash IP using 110nm eFlash cells. We proposed eFlash core circuit such as row driver circuit (CG/SL driver circuit), write BL driver circuit (write BL switch circuit and PBL switch select circuit), read BL switch circuit, and read BL S/A circuit which satisfy eFlash cell program, erase and read operation. In addition, instead of using a cross-coupled NMOS transistor as a conventional unit charge pump circuit, we propose a circuit boosting the gate of the 12V NMOS precharging transistor whose body is GND, so that the precharging node of the VPP unit charge pump is normally precharged to the voltage of VIN and thus the pumping current is increased in the VPP (boosted voltage) voltage generator circuit supplying the VPP voltage of 9.5V in the program mode and that of 11.5V in the erase mode. A 12V native NMOS pumping capacitor with a bigger pumping current and a smaller layout area than a PMOS pumping capacitor was used as the pumping capacitor. On the other hand, the layout area of the 512Kb eFlash memory IP designed based on the 110nm eFlash process is $933.22{\mu}m{\times}925{\mu}m(=0.8632mm^2)$.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Electrical and Electronic Material Engineers Conference
• /
• 2009.06a
• /
• pp.13-13
• /
• 2009

We have investigated the fabrication and properties of bendable PZT film formed on plastic substrates for the application in flexible memory. These devices used the PZT active layer formed on $SiO_2/Si$ wafer by sol-gel method with optimized device layouts and Pt electrodes. After etching Pt/PZT/Pt layers, patterned by photolithography process. these layers were transferred on PET plastic substrate using elastomeric stamp. The level of performance that can be achieved approaches that of traditional PZT. devices on rigid bulk wafers.

• Progress in Superconductivity and Cryogenics
• /
• v.5 no.1
• /
• pp.13-16
• /
• 2003

Adhesion of $SrZrO_3$ resistive oxide barrier on Ag sheathed Bi(2223) tapes prepared by the sol-gel and dip-coating method was evaluated with an aid of Taguchi method and Lie($2^1{\times}3^7$) orthogonal arrays to determine the optimal process combination of levels of factors that best satisfy the bigger is better quality characteristic (QC=B). For analyses of results statistical calculations such as average and analysis of variance (ANOVA) were employed to analyze the results for improving the performance qualities of the dip-coated $SrZrO_3$ film. Experimentally, the performance of the films was evaluated in terms of bond strength by varying Sr/Zr moi ratio (A), amount of organic vehicle additives (B), drying temperature (C) and time (D), heat treatment temperature (E) and time (F), respectively. The optimal combination of levels of factors was determined to be $A_3B_2C_3D_2E_1F_3$ having a 90% confidence level.

• Proceedings of the Materials Research Society of Korea Conference
• /
• 2003.03a
• /
• pp.174-174
• /
• 2003

Highly (111)-oriented PZT [Pb(Zrl-xTix)O3] thin films in the Zr-rich rhombohedral phase-field were successfully fabricated on Pt(111)/Ti/SiO2/Si substrates by combining PLD method with sol-gel process. These highly (111)-oriented films can be used as model systems for polarized Raman scattering study of PZT in the rhombohedral-Phase field because the (111)-direction is the principal off-center axis of the rhombohedral ferroelectricity. For this purpose, we have fabricated PZT films employing two distinctive compositions : one with Zr/Ti = 90/10 (abbreviated as PZT90/10) and the other with Zr/Ti= 60/40 (PZT60/40). The PZT90/10 film belongs to the octahedrally distorted FR(LT) phase with a cell-doubled structure, whereas the PZT60/40 is in the high-temperature FR(HT) phase-field at room temperature. To clearly separate E(TO) phonon modes from Al(TO) modes of the (111)-oriented rhombohedral film, we have suitably devised Z(X,Y)Z and Z(X,X)Z backscattering geometries for E(TO) and Al (TO), respectively. The polarized scattering experiment demonstrated that both types of (111)-oriented rhombohedral films closely followed the Raman selection rule.