• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제22권6호
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• pp.85-93
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• 2017

In this study, the concepts of soil degradation, soil pollution and soil damage are defined, and the domestic and foreign administrative systems related to soil pollution and soil damage management are analyzed. In case of foreign countries, laws and regulations on the soil conservation and soil damage management were analyzed. In case of Korea, the present state of the legal system governing soil pollution and damage management was analyzed in each aspect. Through this study, suggestions for amendments of relevant laws were proposed by establishing policy direction for integrated management of soil pollution and soil damage. The results of this study will provide a basis for integrated management of soil pollution and damage, and it can be utilized in establishing integrated management strategy of long term soil conservation and sustaninable soil development at national level.

• 한국지반공학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지반공학회 2010년도 추계 학술발표회
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• pp.1081-1086
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• 2010

The general soil nailing support system may result in excessive deformations particularly in an excavation zone of the existing weak subsoils. Pretensioning the soil nails then, could play important roles to reduce deformations mainly in part of the nailed-soil excavation system as well as to improve local stability. Morever, soil nails are installed underneath roads, underground structures, and subway structures, thereby resulting in difficulties in nail remval after completion of temporary soil nailed walls. Hence, to date, in order to solve the technical difficulties and avoid legal issues related to the construction of soil nails underneath the surrounding areas and structures, the removable soil nailing system has been developed and used. But, Therefore, a new soil nailing technique called Removable Post-tensioned Soil Nailing(RPTN) system has been developed in the current study. In this study, an investigation of the RPTN system has been conducted by carrying out field measurement. Hence, the RPTN system can reduce ground displacement and enhance stability of the soil nailed walls.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회:학술대회논문집
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• 한국지하수토양환경학회 2004년도 총회 및 춘계학술발표회
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• pp.5-11
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• 2004

본 연구에서는 우리나라의 토양오염부지관련 정보관리체계의 문제점을 파악하고, 미국의 연방과 뉴저지 주정부의 토양오염부지 정보관리체계의 사례연구를 통해 시사점을 도출하였다. 우리나라 현행 법ㆍ제도상에는 오염토양부지에 대한 정보들을 어떻게 관리할 것인가에 대한 전반적인 가이드라인이 없고, 발견, 정밀조사, 복원과 관련된 일부 조항에만 자료관리에 관한 규정이 분산되어 있다. 반면 미연방과 뉴저지주는 관련 법률에 자료의 체계적인 관리에 대한 근거 조항과 세부규정 및 관련 지침서를 제시하고 있다. 또한 복원사업에 있어서 주민의 참여와 정보공개에 대한 제도를 수립하고 있다. 이러한 법률에 따라 관리되는 자료들을 통합하는 정보관리시스템을 구축하여 일반인에게 인터넷서비스를 실시하고 있다.

• 기술혁신학회지
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• 제21권1호
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• pp.151-200
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• 2018

2016년 다보스포럼에서 클라우드 슈밥이 언급한 '제4차 산업혁명'은 우리의 삶을 획기적으로 바꾸고 있으며, 그 정점에 자율주행자동차가 이 시대의 화두로 떠오르고 있다. 그러나 우리나라에서 자율주행자동차가 성공적으로 도입 및 정착되기까지는 아직 극복해야 할 과제들이 많이 있다. 특히 '인간' 중심의 법제도를 '인공지능'이 포함된 법제도로 패러다임을 변화해야 할 것이다. 자율주행자동차 시대의 안정적 운용을 위해서는 사람중심의 입법체계에 대한 획기적인 변화가 필요하다. 즉, 자율주행자동차를 운행하는 운행주체가 누구인지(무엇인지)와 일반도로에서 일반 자동차와 운행이 가능한지 여부, 교통사고 발생 시 민형사상 책임 문제, 자율주행자동차 관련 보험 문제, 개인정보수집과 이용에 관한 문제, 제3자에 의한 오남용 문제 등을 종합적이고 포괄적으로 검토해야 한다. 본 연구에서는 도로교통 관련 국내 법률, 해외 법제현황, 자율주행자동차 관련 법적 쟁점 등을 검토하여 입법론적 관점에서 자율주행자동차 운행 시 발생하는 제반 법적 문제 해결을 위한 별도의 법안 신설을 제안하며 그 법안에 대한 내용을 제시하였다.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• 제29권3호
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• pp.237-248
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• 2013

The legal basis for the systematic prevention and response to landslide hazards, and the rehabilitation of landslide-hit areas, was established through the amendment of the Forest Protection Act in August 2012. The most noticeable amendment to the Act is the inclusion of clauses associated with the designation and management of landslide-prone zones (including debris flow-prone zones). In this paper, we (1) introduce the clauses related to the designation and management of landslide-prone zones that were included in the amended Forest Protection Act, (2) examine their significance by reviewing the present status of related domestic laws and structural countermeasures such as sediment check dams for sediment-related disaster prevention, and (3) suggest the future directions of the procedure for the designation and cancellation of such zones, and their maintenance and institutional aspects. The establishment of an institutional device for the designation and management of landslide-prone zones has great significance in the aspect of (1) the establishment of a comprehensive management and prevention system for potential landslide-prone zones in forested areas where the hazard risk has been poorly recognized as compared with the flood risks in lowlands, and (2) the establishment of the basis for overcoming the limits of structural countermeasures according to limited budgets. To develop the designation and management system for landslide-prone zones, not only must present problems be addressed, but a cooperation system between the administration and local residents must also be established.

• 상하수도학회지
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.23-33
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• 2020

With growing expectations for economic cooperation between the two Koreas, there is much interest in participating in the construction of infrastructure in North Korea. In particular, water and sewage infrastructure is the four major social infrastructures in addition to housing, transportation, electricity and telecommunications. North Korea is known to have severe water pollution and ecosystem destruction in major rivers, water pollution and soil pollution in mining areas are serious, and water and sewage infrastructures in cities other than Pyongyang are known to be weak. Preemptive investment in water supply and drainage in North Korea is the foundation for securing the quality of life of the North Korean and is the foundation of public health and industry. It is a leading investment to reduce the cost of unification and is a new growth engine for the water reloded industry. In this study, we proposed a plan to exchange and cooperate in water environment for building water infrastructure of North Korea by examining the data related to water quality, water resources, water disaster, related legal system and human resources exchange situations in North Korea.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
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• 제25권12호
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• pp.299-303
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• 2020

현재 전기로 산화슬래그는 그 특성상 대부분 성토용 또는 도로용으로 사용되고 있다. 전기로 산화슬래그는 현행 법령상 순환골재가 아닌 산업부산물에 해당되고 있으나 기술의 발전으로 전기로 산화슬래그의 단점이 점차 해소되고 있으며 국내 외 연구 및 기술현황에 비추어 전기로 산화슬래그는 골재로 활용하기 충분하다고 한다. 그러나 전기로 산화슬래그 관련 현행 규범은 재활용 용도만 규정하고 있을 뿐 이에 대한 구체적인 규정을 두고 있지 않다는 점에서 시공 및 적용 확대에 어려움이 존재하고 있다. 따라서 전기로 산화슬래그를 활용할 수 있도록 제도적인 보완 마련이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구에서는 전기로 산화슬래그 관련 법·제도를 검토 및 순환골재 관련 법령과 해당 여부를 살펴보고 그에 대한 개선방안을 제시하고자 한다.

• 한국지하수토양환경학회지:지하수토양환경
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• 제17권3호
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• pp.1-9
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• 2012

According to the agreement on WTO/TBT, we are under the situation to adopt international standard (ISO standard) as a national standard if it exists. However, in case of environmental area, it is a domestic legal obligation to use Korean environmental standard method(KESM) for analyzing various contaminants. Therefore it is necessary to assess the comparability between KEM and ISO standard prior to apply ISO standard to soil conservation law in Korea. The main purpose of this study is to assess the comparability of both methods for analyzing heavy metals in soil. We looked over various aspects like pre-treatment, calibration curve range, detection wavelength, soil organic matter content and so on. Apparently, the procedure of both methods is almost same. However in details, both methods are different in stationary time before aqua-regia extraction using reflux system, calibration curve range for Cu, Pb, Ni and measuring wavelength for Pb. According to the results of comparison test, the results were significantly different when the different calibration range was used. In case that all the extracts independent of methods were reanalyzed with the same calibration range of each method, both methods showed statistically same results. Other conditions like different stationary time, measuring wavelength of AAS and soil organic matter content did not have any influence on the analytical result. Therefore, we suggest to extend the calibration curve range to 0~8 mg/L which is used in KS I ISO standard(Korean standard related with environment which is translation version of ISO standard without any technical change). In case of $Cr^{6+}$, the results showed no significant differences between two methods even though the pretreatment, instrumentation and other analysis conditions were different. In addition to UV/Visble spectrometry of KESM for soil contamination, we suggest to adopt ion chromatography of ISO 15192(US EPA method 7199) for analyzing $Cr^{6+}$ with the consideration of laboratory work efficiency.

• 헤리티지:역사와 과학
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• 제53권3호
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• pp.110-127
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• 2020

보존유적이라 함은 건설 공사에 따른 구제 발굴로 인하여 중요 유적이 확인될 경우 매장문화재 가치 평가에 따라 보존조치되는 유적을 말한다. 우리나라는 지난 수십 년간 급속한 경제발전으로 토지개발이 이루어지게 되면서 구제 발굴 건수도 급격히 증가하게 되었고 이에 따른 보존유적도 자연히 급증하게 되었다. 현재는 이러한 보존유적의 증가로 토지 수용부터 관리·활용 등에서 여러 문제점들이 나타나고 있으나 이에 대한 명확한 해결 방법은 제시되고 있지 않은 상황이다. 본 연구에서는 유적 보존과 관련된 기술적인 문제보다 주로 제도상의 문제점 인식을 통해 보존유적 관리와 제도에 관심을 가지고 개선안을 제시하고자 하였다. 한정된 재원과 인력으로 보존유적을 효율적으로 관리하기 위해서는 제도의 미비점을 먼저 확인하고 검토하는 것이 우선이라 판단되었기 때문이다. 제도 개선을 요구할 수 있는 여러 안들이 있겠지만 현 제도상에서 우선적으로 검토되어야 하는 것은 보존유적에서 지정문화재로 신속한 전환 혹은 검토라 할 수 있다. 보존유적은 조치 이후 관련 후속 법규가 마련되어 있지 않아 지정문화재와 달리 임시적인 보존 방편에 불과하다. 이를 장기간 유지하게 될 경우 당연히 여러 문제가 발생할 수밖에 없다. 이 문제를 해결하기 위해서는 보존유적을 지정문화재와 거의 유사한 수준으로 관리할 수 있는 법적 제도를 마련하든지 아니면 현 제도상에서 개선 가능한 방법을 모색하여 문제의 최소화를 꾀하는 방법이 있겠다. 본 연구에서는 지정문화재로의 신속한 전환 방법 외에도 제도적 개선이 가능한 부분에 초점을 맞추어 몇 가지 제안을 하였다. 현재의 보존조치 유형은 현지보존, 이전보존, 기록보존 이 세 가지로 구분하고 있는데 이를 다시 두 개의 조치 유형과 그 하위의 네 가지 유형으로 재분류해 보았다. 현지보존은 보존유적과 새롭게 제시한 복토유적 두 가지만 포함시키고, 나머지 이전활용유적과 기록보존유적은 사업 시행이 가능한 보존조치 유형으로써 현지보존과 대비되는 대체보존 유형으로 제시하였다. 복토유적도 보존유적과 다르게 사업 시행이 가능한 유형으로 제시하였다.

• 무역상무연구
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• 제31권
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• pp.27-56
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• 2006

Today's financial institutions usually take environmental issues seriously into consideration as they could not evade lender liability in an increasing number of cases. On the international scene, a brand-new concept of the "Equator Principles" in the New Millenium has driven more and more international banks to adopt these Principles in project financing. Sustainable development has been a key word in understanding new trends of the governments, financial institutions, corporations and civic groups in the 21st century. The Equator Principles are a set of voluntary environmental and social guidelines for sustainable finance. These Principles commit bank officers to avoid financial support to projects that fail to meet these guidelines. The Principles were conceived in 2002 on an initiative of the International Finance Corporation(IFC), and launched in June 2003. Since then, dozens of major banks, accounting for up to 80 percent of project loan market, have adopted the Principles. Accordingly, the Principles have become the de facto standard for all banks and investors on how to deal with potential social and environmental issues of projects to be financed. Compliance with the Equator Principles facilitates for endorsing banks to participate in the syndicated loan and help them to manage the risks associated with large-scale projects. The Equator Principles call for financial institutions to provide loans to projects under the following circumstances: - The risk of the project is categorized in accordance with internal guidelines based upon the environmental and social screening criteria of the IFC. - For Category A and B projects, borrowers or sponsors are required to conduct a Social and Environmental Assessment, the preparation of which must meet certain requirements and satisfactorily address key social and environmental issues. - The Social and Environmental Assessment report should address baseline social and environmental conditions, requirements under host country laws and regulations, sustainable development, and, as appropriate, IFC's Environmental, Health and Safety Guidelines, etc. - Based on the Social and Environmental Assessment, Equator banks then make agreements with borrowers on how they mitigate, monitor and manage the risks through a Social and Environmental Management System. Compliance with the plan is included in the covenant clause of loan agreements. If the borrower doesn't comply with the agreed terms, the bank will take corrective actions. The Equator Principles are not a mere declaration of cautious banks but a full commitment of lenders. A violation of the Principles in the process of project financing, which led to an unexpected damage to the affected community, would not give rise to any specific legal remedies other than ordinary lawsuits. So it is more effective for banks to ensure consistent implementation of the Principles and to have them take responsible measures to solve social and environmental issues. Public interests have recently mounted up with respect to environmental issues on the occasion of the Supreme Court's decision (2006Du330) on the fiercely debated reclamation project at Saemangeum. The majority Justices said that the expected environmental damages like probable pollution of water and soil were not believed so serious and that the Administration should continue to implement the project seeking ways to make it more environment friendly. In this case, though the Category A Saemangeum Project was carried out by a government agency, the Supreme Court behaved itself as a signal giver to approve or stop the environment-related project like an Equator bank in project financing. At present, there is no Equator bank in Korea in contrast to three big banks in Japan. Also Korean contractors, which are aggressively bidding for Category A-type projects in South East Asia and Mideast, might find themselves in a disadvantageous position because they are generally ignorant of the environmental assessment associated with project financing. In this regard, Korean banks and overseas project contractors should care for the revised Equator Principles and the latest developments in project financing more seriously. It's because its scope has expanded to the capital cost of US$10 million or more across all industry sectors regardless of developing countries or not. It should be noted that, for a Korean bank, being an Equator bank is more or less burdensome in a short-term period, but it must be conducive to minimizing risks and building up good reputation in the long run.