• Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.319-323
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• 2014

This study investigates the prediction of soil chemical properties (organic matter (OM), pH, Ca, Mg, K, Na, total acidity, cation exchange capacity (CEC)) on 688 Korean soil samples using the visible-near infrared reflectance (VIS-NIR) spectroscopy. Reflectance from the visible to near-infrared spectrum (350 to 2500 nm) was acquired using the ASD Field Spec Pro. A total of 688 soil samples from 168 soil profiles were collected from 2009 to 2011. The spectra were resampled to 10 nm spacing and converted to the 1st derivative of absorbance (log (1/R)), which was used for predicting soil chemical properties. Principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares regression (PLSR) and regression rules model (Cubist) were applied to predict soil chemical properties. The regression rules model (Cubist) showed the best results among these, with lower error on the calibration data. For quantitatively determining OM, total acidity, CEC, a VIS-NIR spectroscopy could be used as a routine method if the estimation quality is more improved.

• Journal of the Korea Organic Resources Recycling Association
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.66-70
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• 2001

In this study farm soil was tested under artificial acid rain(pH = 5.34), which is average pH of Pusan metropolitan area. and to find out the soil's acid neuralization capacity, soil acidity, CEC(cation exchange capacity)and akaline meatals, such as K, Ca and Na were tested. Because oyster shells(OS) had portion of alkaline metals, OS could play a role in acid soil amendment. And soil addition of sewage treatment sludge(STS) could be a alternative for disposal method. The purpose of this study is to evlauate acid soil amendment using STS and OS. In case of soil and STS, mixing ratio was10:0, 9:1, 8:2, 7:3. And STS mixed OS was also added in acid soil as same ratio as STS. Throught the experiment, soil acidity was stationary state with slight decrease, and CEC was also stationary state but with slight increase. Allkaline metals showed differences in concentration, but all of them were tend to decrease. In conclusion, STS mixed OS could play a part in amendment of acid soil.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.66-74
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• 1986

Rain samples were collected at 10 sites in the Seoul area during the period of August through November, 1985. THe concentrations of the major cations $(H^+, Ca^{++}, MG^{++}, Na^+, K^+, NH_4^+)$ and the major anions $(SO_4^=, NO_3^-, Cl^-)$ were measured to characterize the main sources of chemical ions in rainwater. Correlating concentrations of ions to pH, calculated coefficients ranged from 0.1485 to 0/4296. Sulfate shows the largest coefficient indicating that sulfate is more closely associated with hydrogen ion than other ions. This may suggest that sulfuric acid contributes more to the acidity of rainwater in Seoul. It appears that the major chemicals measured in rainwater are from the anthropogenic sources of air pollution. Predominant chemicals are acidic at the Guro-, the Sinseol-, the Yangnam-, and the Ssangmun-dong with sulfate being the most predominant. IT also indicates that alkaline substances resulting from soil and dust have a significant effect on pH values of rainwater by neutralizing actions. According to Granat-model analysis, it is estimated that the relative contributions to the rainwater acidity in Seoul are 84% from sulfuric acid, 8% from nitric acid and 8% from hydrochloric acid.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2001.04a
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• pp.182-186
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• 2001

An acid forest surface soil as a land farming medium was treated with a water plant alum sludge at 0 to 18%. Indian mustard was grown in the treated soil in a greenhouse for 5 weeks and watered with pH 4 tap water adjusted with a mixed acid (1HNO$_3$: 2H$_2$SO$_4$) during plant growth. Changes in soil property, leachate chemistry, plant growth, and plant uptake of elements by the sludge treatment were determined. The alum sludge treatment increased buffer capacity to acidity, hydraulic conductivity, water holding capacity, and phosphate adsorption of the soil and decreased bulk density and mobility of small particles. The sludge treatment reduced leaching of Al, Mg, K, Na, and root elongation. Plant did uptake less amount of the cations and P but more Ca with the sludge treatment.

• Resources Recycling
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1998

Basic oxygen furnace @OF) slag. a by-pradud of thc iron and steelmaking industry produced in largc quantities in Korea, poszs a subslantial disposal challenge. The BOF slag used in this study was if3 CaCO, in total n e u ~ ~ pnowger and application of 7-8 Mgha' was needed to bring soil pH to 6.5 horn pH 5.0-5.5 m silly clay or clay loam sod wnlained about 10% orgaoic matter. A field assay was conducted to shldg whether BOP slag could bc used as a dolomitic k i n g agent for agricullural soils. Four slag rates (0, 4, 8, 12 Mgha-')were investigated for their effcfect on soil pmperti~, mineral concentralions in leaf tissues of rice and soybean, and yield of the crops. Slag application at 8 Mgha-' rate in paddy field increased pH, Ca Mg, P, Si and Fe wntenl in sail and rice yield by 4.3-14.25 depending an the soil type. h upland field the 8 Mghaf ratc increa3ed pH, Ca and Fe wntent m soil and soybean yield by 36.6%. Thus, BOF slag appears to be a useful liming mate&\ulcornerl for corrzch~gs oil acidity on both paddy and upland ficld soils and for innwing Ca, Mg, P, Si, and Fe wncenhation in plants.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.12-22
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• 1988

The effects of pH and Aluminum treatment on the seedling growth were examined with 11 cultivar under three levels of pH in nutri-culture.. Growth and yield responses of soil pH and nitrogen fertilization were also studied with five cultivars under 3 levels of soil pH and 3 levels of nitrogen application in the field experiment. The effect of pH on the seedling growth was not significant, but Aluminum treatment significantly decreased the seedling growth in nutri-culture except Dusan ＃12. Chlorophyll contents of leaves, dry weight of plants, culm length, spike numbers per unit area, grain numbers per spike, grain weight, and yield were decreased as the decrease of soil pH, and thus highly significant correlation between soil pH during barley growth and yield was observed in all cultivars examined. The stable cultivars to different soil pH with high yield was not found although the decreases of yield were different with cultivars. The increase of nitrogen fertilization significantly increased the nitrogen and chlorophyll contents of leaves, and dry weight of plants, while showed a little effects on the culm length, spike number per unit area, grain number per spike, grain weight and yield. The yield was significantly correlated with culm length, dry weight of plants, grain numbers per spike and 1000 grain weight at each pH levels.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Tobacco Science
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.92-101
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• 1997

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of fly ash on the yield and quality and to determine the optimum application amount of fly ash for tobacco(Nicotiana tabacum L). Two kinds of fly ash, anthracite and bituminous coal, were treated with different levels of 0, 20, 40, 60 MT/ha. Dry weights of tobacco at middle and topping growth stage were increased with application of fly ash, showing the highest dry weight at 40 MT/ha in both kinds of fly ash. It was showed that the bituminous coal had a little more effective for yield than that of anthracite. Comparing with the control, yields of tobacco applied with fly ash were significantly increased about 17.7% and 17.1% by the application of bituminous coal and anthracite, respectively. Quality of flue-cured leaves was better by application of fly ash than that of the control. The quality index was given the highest at 40 MT/ha for bituminous coal increasing by 24.6% and at 60 MT/ha fur anthracite increasing by 13.4% compared with the control. The economical efficiency considered of the yield and quality of tobacco was the highest at 40 MT/ha of bituminous. Soil pH, contents of available P2O5, organic matter, exchangeable Ca2+ and Mg2+ of soil during the growing season were increased by application of fly ash, showing more effectiveness in bituminous than that in anthracite. By the application of fly ash, the nutrients availability and the acidity of soil were reformed and they caused significantly the increase of growths yield, and quality of tobacco. By the application of lime reforming soil acidity, growth response, yields and quality of tobacco were not increased compared to the control, although the effect of reforming soil pH was remarkable.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Soil and Groundwater Environment Conference
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• 2003.09a
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• pp.386-390
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• 2003

To evaluate the potential capacity of mine wastes in the production of heavy metal containing acid water, samples from depths of 0, 30 and 60cm were collected and analyzed. The waste from surface showed the lowest pH which indicates the oxidation of wastes and the capacity of contamination of the area around the waste file. And the lower pH values of leachate of the wastes through the leaching tests with pH controlled water(3, 4, 5) may indicate that minerals producing the acidity still exist. Reduction of sulfur contents in wastes after the leaching test well fit to the increased contents of iron oxide.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.89 no.1
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• pp.55-64
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• 2000

This study was carried out to analyze the characteristics of pH and electrical conductivity(EC) at each stand and soil depth by the artificial acid rain sprinkling in the upper watershed of Mt. Palgong and furthermore to clarify the relationships between forest soil and water purification function. The results obtained in the experimental sites of Quercus acutissima and Larix leptolepis were summarized as follows ; 1. The average soil pH at each soil layer(0~5cm, 0~10cm, 0~20cm in depth) were 4.8, 4.3 and 4.5 for the Quercus acutissima soil and 5.15, 5.19 and 5.21 for the Larix leptolepis soil. The soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. In addition, the deeper soil depth was, the higher soil pH was. 2. The soil solution pH of Larix leptolepis stand was higher than that of Quercus acutissima stand. It was due to the high soil pH of Larix leptolepis stand itself and the difference of humus layer thickness. 3. It took time to show the pH buffer capacity of forest soil after application of artificial acid rain in the forest soil. The pH value of soil solution in each experimental site was maximum at this time and then did not increase pH value any more. 4. Soil solution EC increased slowly with pH 3.0 treatment, but it decreased slowly with pH 5.0 treatment over time. It was assumed that the amount of the leached cation and the ions leading buffer action changed at the stands with ranges of acidity treatment. 5. From the trend of soil solution EC at each soil depth, it seemed that the water buffer capacity of the forest soil increased as the soil depth increased.

• Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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• 2005.11a
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• pp.156-156
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• 2005