• Clean Technology
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.295-299
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• 2013

This study was purposed and performed to evaluate removal efficiency of non-point source pollution in the process and system based on bio-retention design criteria regulated by EPA. Basic Column Reactors (BCR) were prepared for optimal determinations of inflow rate of first rainfall runoff and composition and ratio of soil layers. Removal efficiencies of non-point source pollution from synthetic runoff and real first rainfall runoff, directly sampled from motor way and parking lot, were analyzed, respectively. Removal efficiency of SS, BOD, COD, T-N, and T-P were all shown to be more than 80%.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.59-87
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• 2004

In its Declaration of Principles, the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development recommends that, "to achieve sustainable development and a higher quality of life for all people, states should reduce and eliminate unsustainable patterns of production and consumption...." This notion of sustainability lies at the core of many "commons" problems, where the central issue is to enable "individuals to sustain long-term, productive use of natural resource systems". In other worlds, a common definition of "sustainability" captures the idea of aligning human consumption with the capacity of ecological systems to supply, over a long period of time, such natural resources as air, soil, or water on which production depends. The concept of sustainability raises all sorts of political, social, and economic questions about the distribution of environmental protection. For sustainable community development to be addressed, these questions must be raised. In order to convince different citizenry of the necessity of sustainability, these questions must also be answered. This is where questions of equity, justice, and fairness arise. Sustainability and equity require that we deal with nature as an undivided whole, with no part being unsustainable. Sustainability and social policy also requires that we deal with the human population as an undivided whole. We simply cannot move people around the planet to either perpetuate past practices of earth exploitation or to implement sustainable planning. Everyone must work with the people inhabiting sensitive ecological areas, especially areas of regeneration. In the sustainable global community, we are as strong as our weakest link, or our most toxic community. This is the undeniable driving force for the infusion of equity into the sustainable development debate.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.5 no.5
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• pp.585-592
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• 1996

Trifluralin (2, 6-dinitro-N, N-dipropyl-4- (trifluormethyl) benzenamine) was applied preemergent to soybean in plots drained or nondrained, in louisiana. Plots 14.6 ha were arranged to give 1683 g/ha of trifluralin. The half life of trifluralin in the top 15 cm of soil was 42.6 darts and f6.0 days in nondrained plot and drained plot, respectively. The concentrations of trifluralin in surface runoff water and subsurface runoff water were 0.62 ng/ml-0.02 ng/ml and 11.06 ng/ml-0.02 ng/ml, respectively. The concentration of trifluralin in runoff water was smaller than 2 ng/ml for trifluralin of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency advisory. Total loss of trifluralin in runoff water was 0.021 % of applied amount at drained plots during three month after application. Trifluralin was moved hardly in the water. Subsurface drainage -reduced trifluralin losses because concentration of trifluralin in the subsurface runoff water in drained fields was low.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.33 no.2 s.109
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• pp.71-82
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• 2005

A large scale of riverside rearrangement has been recently done in the major rivers in Korea. So inundation possibility in agricultural area closed by these rivers has been higher than the possibility a few years ago. However, land use in this area has not been adjusted to a change of this situation near the rivers. Therefore, when typhoon or heavy rain is happened on this area, it can cause a large damage in agricultural area. This study analyzed inundation potentiality in agricultural area at Ibang-myeon, Changnyeong-gun, Kyeongnam-province, Korea by using the logistic regression model and the piecewise regression model. The first thing we did was to transfer the inundation area per elevation to the accumulated inundation area per elevation. This accumulated inundation area per elevation as an distribution function could be described by the logistic regression model(LRM), and piecewise regression model(PRM) could make it much more accurate to analyze the inundation area per elevation. As a result, the regression models derived from LRM and PRM showed $R^2$ over 0.950. The models derived from LRM and PRM in Ibang-myeon noted that frequently inundated area(FIA) was shown up to 12.12m in elevation, and potentially inundated area(PIA) was shown up to 14.60m in elevation. In FIA, regular agricultural activity would be impossible. And It would be not easy to continue the regular agricultural activity in PIA. So, this land should be rearranged to be used for a buffer zone for ecosystem protection, landscape conservation and things like that in riverside.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.19 no.6
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• pp.285-298
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• 2003

Shear properies of geosynthetic/geosynthetic and geosynthetic/soil interfaces which are widely met in landfill sites were evaluated from the inclined board tests. The inclined board testing apparatus is known to reproduce the shear behavior on the low normal stress most accurately. In this study, the friction angle of each interface was estimated and the tensile force mobilized at the geosynthetic was measured as well. The test results showed that the friction angle of each interface and the tensile force of the geosynthetics depended on the amount of normal stress, the type of the geosynthetics used, and the combinations of geosynthetics and soils. In addition, the sand/geotextile/geomembrane interface system was simulated in this study, and it was observed that the tensile force developed at the geomembrane decreased due to the protection effect of the geotextile located above the geomembrane. The test results of this research was compared with those of direct shear tests published, too. Finally, by comparing the measured tensile force of the geosynthetics when the initial displacement of the box occurs, when the slope is called as the critical slope, with suggested analytic solution, the accuracy of analytic solution and the applicability to design were identified.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.38-46
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• 2009

Livestock manure is an important source of nutrients for crop production. However, farmers typically do not know the exact nutrient values for livestock manure. In many instances, manure has been viewed as a waste, and as a result it is applied close to the source resulting in over application of nutrients. Thus, the goal of nutrient application has often been applied to reduce the application expense rather than to maximize crop income. This results in wasted money and potentially negative impacts on water quality. Several livestock manure management scenarios were created based on agronomic nutrient requirements using the Utilization of Animal Manure as a Plant Nutrient (AMANURE) software to investigate water quality impacts with the National Agricultural Pesticide Risk Analysis (NAPRA) WWW modeling system. Application of manure at agronomic rates can result in high nitrate-nitrogen losses for some soil types, especially when applied in late fall. The application of manure at an agronomic rate does not necessarily equate to adequate water quality protection, and farmers must take care applying manure at agronomic rates, because nitrate-nitrogen loss potential varies spatially and temporarily. Nutrient loss probability maps for Indiana at 5%, 10%, 25%, and 50% values were created to demonstrate potential water quality impacts when livestock manure is applied to cropland at agronomic rates. The NAPRA WWW system coupled with AMANURE can be used to identify site-specific livestock manure management plans that are environmentally sound and agronomically appropriate.

• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.118-120
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• 2013

During the early spring of 2007 to 2009, stem rot of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) caused by Sclerotium rolfsii occurred in seedling stage grown in plastic film house at Iksan. In seedling stage of sweet potato, symptoms were initially appeared in yellowing and then the seedlings were eventually wilted. The fungus produced abundant white silky mycelium on infected tissues and soil line. Seedlings were very susceptible and died quickly once they were infected. The whole area of a petridish was rapidly covered with white mycelium on agar medium. Sclerotia began to produce after 7 days of mycelial growth and white sclerotia quickly melanized to a dark brown coloration. The causal agent isolated from the diseased plants was identified as Sclerotium rolfsii Saccardo on the basis of the morphological and cultural characteristics. All isolates of S. rolfsii caused similar symptoms on the host petioles by artificial inoculation.

• Journal of Korean Society for Atmospheric Environment
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.209-222
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• 2006

Odor problems brought about by deteriorating air quality occur in areas surrounding landfills because VOCs emissions from landfills are exhausted through surface soil and gas vents. Due to these factors, monitoring of VOCs emissions from landfills are essential. However, only a few studies have been carried out to assess VOCs emissions from landfills. A comprehensive approach to this problem is definitely warranted. In this study, we estimated BTEX emissions from 7 landfill sites in Korea using field experiments and LandGEM(Landfill Gas Emission Model), which is the USA EPA(Environmental Protection Agency)-recommended model for landfill gas emission estimation. For this purpose, we suitably modified the model's major input parameters $L_0$ and k according to 3 classes based on landfill scale after considering the characteristics of field experiments and LandGEM data. Consequently, we estimated VOCs emissions from landfills for cities, provinces and all of Korea alter modifying $L_0$ & k using LandGEM. Through the results of this study, we obtained essential basic data with respect to present conditions which will help us understand VOCs emissions from landfills in Korea.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.487-503
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• 2011

The purpose of this study was to investigate residents' perceptions and attitudes towards Han-Ok based on a study of the characteristics and elements of Han-Ok that experts perceived. For the study, in-depth interviews were conducted and the data of 7 experts and 24 Han-Ok residents were analyzed. The results of the study were as follows. First, the characteristics of spatial arrangements are primarily emphasized and provide emotional stability for the residents. Placement on the ground, a suitable scale, appropriate openings and closures, hierarchical spatial system and a spatial relationship provide a feeling of comfort and protection. Second, the spaces and the materials of Han-Ok are considered the representative elements providing functionality and health. The close relationship between the inside and outside area makes the air naturally circulate and natural materials such as wood, soil, and paper have the function as natural ventilation, heat storage, and in the prevention of various illnesses. Third, residents in modern society put more of a value on experiences of natural environments that are usually impossible in the city. The simple and incomplete characteristics in using color, materials, and form, provide a culture of story telling and a leisurely lifestyle. Fourth, the cold and spatial inconvenience of Han-Ok are solved by partially using modernized equipment and material. The functionality of spatial systems in Han-Ok needs to be promoted in order to change the residents' perceptions of cold in Han-Ok.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.36 no.11
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• pp.733-738
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• 2014

Within the scope that does not interfere with the performance of basic duty, the military has been actively supporting the national policy for the conservation of the natural environment in accordance with the "military environmental protection guidelines". Since there is a lack of information regarding inhabitation for wild fauna and flora, field investigations of the natural environment at Jinhae local unit were performed three times in 2003. As a result of the investigation, lycoris sanguinea as flora, marten, otter, and leopard cat as mammalia, and accipiter soloensis, accipiter gentilis schvedow, accipiter gularis, buteo hemilasius, falco tinnunculus and terpsiphone atrocaudata as bird were confirmed to inhabit. For the conservation of the natural ecosystem, the expansion of research for natural ecosystems within the military unit is required. Additionally, environmental pollution can be prevented through the proper maintenance of basic environmental facilities including sewage treatment facilities, soil pollution control facilities, and waste storage facilities. In cooperation with local governments and private organizations, the natural cleansing action and sustainable wildlife conservation should be expanded.