• 한국지반공학회논문집
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• 제24권4호
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• pp.5-13
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• 2008

연약한 실트지반(ML)과 생활오폐수와 공장폐유로 오염된 실트지반($ML_p$)에 실내모형실험을 실시하여 오염물질의 증가에 따른 지지력값의 변화 등에 대한 실제의 적용성을 기존의 연구결과와 비교 분석하였다. 생활오폐수와 공장폐유로 오염된 실트지반은 오염물질 함량이 점차 증대할수록 오염물질의 영향으로 연약한 실트지반 보다 지반의 소성화가 촉진되어 지반의 강도특성은 감소하는 것으로 나타났다. 연약한 실트지반의 한계하중 값 $q_{cr}=4.14c_u$, 극한지지력 값 $q_{ult}=9.53c_u$로 산정되었으며, 생활오폐수와 공장폐유로 오염된 실트지반의 한계하중 값 qcr=1.78cu, 극한지지력 값 $q_{ult}=4.39c_u$로 산정되었다. 생활오폐수와 공장폐유로 오염된 실트지반의 한계하중과 극한지지력 값이 연약한 실트지반의 한계하중과 극한지지력 보다 다소 작게 나타났다. 이는 오염물질의 증가로 인하여 전단저항이 저하되므로써 다소 작은 값을 나타낸 것으로 사료된다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제34권6C호
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• pp.588-592
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• 2009

본 논문에서는 기존의 global soft decision 방법에서 음성부재확률의 고정 파라미터에 2차 조건 사후 최대 확률기법을 적용한 음성 향상 기법을 제안한다. 기존의 global soft decision 방법은 음성부재확률을 구하기 위해 가정한 가설에 따라 파라미터값을 고정하여 다양한 음성 환경 변화에 민감한 점을 고려하여 본 논문에서 제안한 알고리즘은 기존의 고정 파라미터 값에 직전 2 프레임에서의 음성 존재와 부재에 대한 조건을 부여해주어 음성과 음성사이의 상호 연관성을 고려해주고, 보다 유동적으로 현재 프레임의 음성부재확률을 추정하는 음성향상 기법이다. 제안된 방법의 성능평가를 위해 ITU-T P.862 perceptual evaluation of speech quality (PESQ)를 이용하여 평가하였고, 그 결과 제안된 2차 조건 사후 최대 확률기법을 적용한 global soft decision 방법은 기존의 Global soft decision 방법보다 향상된 결과를 나타내었다.

• 한국통신학회논문지
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• 제37A권10호
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• pp.841-849
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• 2012

본 논문은 max-log 근사화 하에서 연판정 최대 우도 (soft-output maximum-likelihood, soft-ML) 성능을 달성하기 위한 저복잡도 연판정 다중 안테나 (soft-output multiple-input multiple-output, soft-MIMO) 검출 알고리즘을 제안한다. 제안된 알고리즘은 병렬 트리-탐색 (parallel tree-search, PTS)을 기반으로 하며, 정렬 순서를 변경한 정렬된 QR 분해 (sorted-QR decomposition, SQRD)를 채널 순서화를 위해 적용한다. 비트별 로그-우도비 (log-likelihood ratio, LLR)를 계산하는 과정에서 발생할 수 있는 공집합 문제 (empty-set problem)는 탐색 레벨별로 추가적인 노드들을 삽입함으로써 해결한다. 제안된 노드 삽입 기법에서는 선택된 노드와 반대 비트 값을 가지면서 가장 가까운 노드만 삽입되기 때문에, 연산 복잡도 측면에서 상당히 효율적이다. 제안된 알고리즘의 연산 복잡도는 기존 알고리즘 대비 약 37-74% 수준이며, $4{\times}4$ 시스템에 대한 시뮬레이션 결과, 제안된 알고리즘은 soft-ML와 비교하여 0.1 dB 미만의 성능 저하를 보였다.

• 한국군사과학기술학회지
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• 제13권6호
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• pp.976-981
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• 2010

A soft-recoil or FOOB (Fire-Out-Of-Battery) system can reduce the recoil force considerably. Its firing sequency is different from that of a conventional or FIB (Fire-In-Battery) system. In FOOB system, the gun is latched and preloaded in its battery position prior to firing. When unlatched, the gun is accelerated to the forward direction and then the forward momentum of the recoil part is generated. Since this momentum reduces the recoil impulse, the recoil force will decrease significantly. When designing the soft-recoil system it is important to design the forward momentum profile of a recoiling part. In the present study, the method to determine the forward momentum has been studied and its optimum value has been obtained theoretically. The numerical simulation of the soft-recoil system is performed to show that the present soft-recoil system works functionally well.

• Imaging Science in Dentistry
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• 제44권3호
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• pp.193-198
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• 2014

Purpose: The present study was aimed to investigate the variation of soft palate morphology in different age and gender groups. The correlations of radiographic velar length (VL), velar width (VW), pharyngeal depth (PD), and Need's ratio with soft palate variants were also studied in the North Indian subpopulation. Materials and Methods: The study sample consisted of 300 subjects aged between 15 and 45 (mean: 31.32) years. The velar morphology on lateral cephalograms was examined and grouped into six types. The results obtained were subjected to a statistical analysis to find the correlation between variants of the soft palate with gender and different age groups. Results: The most frequent type of soft palate was leaf shaped (48.7%), and the least common was crook shaped (3.0%) among both the genders and various age groups, showing a significant correlation. The mean VL, VW, and PD values were significantly higher in males and significantly correlated with the types of soft palate. A significant correlation was observed between the mean VL, VW, PD, and Need's ratio with various age groups, showing an inconsistent pattern with an increase in age. The types of soft palate, gender, and Need's ratio were also significantly correlated, with an overall higher mean value of the Need's ratio among female subjects and the S-shaped soft palate. Conclusion: The knowledge of a varied spectrum of velar morphology and the variants of the soft palate help in a better understanding of the velopharyngeal closure and craniofacial anomalies.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• 제27권3호
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• pp.127-131
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• 2004

Soft shores are particularly vulnerable to human exploitation; however, they exhibit a variety of habitats which provide refuge for a diversity of flora and fauna. This study describes a survey of 13 soft shores in Hong Kong with information on species diversity, sediment characteristics, shore extent, pollution threat, degree of naturalness, linkage with other ecological habitats, and degree of social/economic importance. Data collected were subjected to multivariate statistical analyses, so as to identify shores that have significant ecological status and conservation value for management purposes.

• 한국시뮬레이션학회논문지
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• 제7권2호
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• pp.153-165
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• 1998

In the Is-95 soft handoff scheme of CDMA, there occurs a tradeoff between improving quality due to the space diversity and additional resource management like updates of the active set during soft handoffs. In addition, if a mobile terminal is alternating two adjacent cells, a well-known phenomenon called ping-ping causes the resource management to be seriously degraded. By noting that in general the probability that a user initiates additional handoffs is exponentially decreased as the user has already handed over one or more times, we present a soft handoff algorithm making use of handoff profiles of mobile terminals to improve resource utilization. In the proposed algorithm the number of handoffs made so far during the call is recorded in the mobile profile and the profile data is used for adjusting handoff parameters such as the value of add or drop threshold (T_ADD or T_DROP). Through simulations, the result of the proposed algorithm is shown to improve the handoff performance by lowering the number of handoffs while simultaneously reducing resource waste.

• 한국식품과학회지
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• 제10권4호
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• pp.376-379
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• 1978

최근에 육성된 유망 품종들의 품질을 도입소맥과 대비해 보고자 국내산 3품종과 도입 3품종을 공시하여 소맥 및 소맥분의 이화학적 특성을 조사하였다. 1. 제분율 및 milling score는 품종에 관계없이 도입소맥이 각각 $1{\sim}4%,\;3{\sim}5%$ 높은 경향을 보였다. 2. 소맥분의 품질을 경연질로 나누어 비교한 결과 연질의 경우 조광이 단백 질함량, 침전가 및 Pelshenke value가 연질로서 갖추어야 할 적정선을 갖고 있으며 도입 연질소맥인 백소맥보다 상기 수치가 다소 높은 경향을 보였고 farinogram특성도 양호하였다. 3. 경질소맥의 경우 수원 210호가 단백질함량, 침전가, Pelshenke value가 높고 소맥분반죽의 물리적성질이 양호하였으며 도입 경질소맥의 대부분을 차지하는 적소맥과 유사한 성질을 나타내었다.

• 한국지역사회생활과학회지
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• 제26권3호
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• pp.447-456
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• 2015

To develop functional bread and improve the quality of gluten-free bread, this study investigates the quality characteristics of gluten-free rice bread made from soft-type rice (Bodeurami) flour mixed with black rice at different levels (0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, and 40%, w/w). An increase in the mix level of black-rice flour increased the weight of rice bread but reduced its volume, baking loss, volume expansion, and specific volume. The results for Hunter's color value and texture measurements indicate that an increase in the content of black-rice flour reduced the L-value, the b-value, hardness, gumminess, and chewiness but increased the a-value, adhesiveness, and springiness. According to the sensory analysis, rice bread formulated with a mixture of soft-type rice flour (80%) and black-rice flour (20%) showed the highest scores in color, taste, texture, and overall preferences. With respect to flavor and appearance, bread samples with 20% and 30% black-rice flour were preferred to those with 0%, 10%, and 40% black-rice flour. These results suggest that gluten-free rice bread mixed with wet-milling rice flour and black-rice flour can be used to develop functional and gluten-free bread.

• Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• 제29권5호
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• pp.453-460
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• 2006

Upo wetland is the largest inland wetland in Korea as Ramsar Convention Area. The purposes of the study were to investigate the levels of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn) in the sediment and Cipangopaludina chinensis malleata from three sites of the wetland and to assess the potential of the gastropod as a bioindicator for heavy metal levels. The gastropods were dissected into shell and soft tissue without the digestive and excretive organs. The levels of Cd, Cu and Pb were below the guideline of Soil Environment Conservation Act and the heavy metals except Cr were slightly different among the sites. Cd was higher in Upo site ($0.32{\mu}g/g$) than Sajipo site ($0.28{\mu}g/g$). Cu and Zn showed the highest value in Sajipo as $43.5{\mu}g/g\;and\;39.8{\mu}g/g$, respectively while the concentrations of Pb and Zn were the highest in Upstream as $58.8{\mu}g/g\;and\;138{\mu}g/g$, respectively. In the soft tissues and shells of the gastropod, the overall common trend in the concentrations of the heavy metals was revealed with the following order: Zn > Cu > Cr > Ni > Pb > Cd and Ni > Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Cd, respectively. Although the soft tissues exhibited higher concentrations of the heavy metals except Ni than the shell in the gastropod, the levels of Cd and Pb in the gastropod were generally below the restrictive values set up by Korea Food & Drug Administration. From Duncan's Multiple Range Test (DMRT) results, the concentrations of Pb and Zn in the sediments among the sites were reflected on the soft tissue (Pb) and the shell (Pb and Zn) of the gastropod in the same order. The lower value of coefficient of variation (CV) in Pb concentration of the shell than in that of the soft tissue supports the usefulness of the shell as a bioindicator for Pb pollution. Although the CV value in the shell was a little higher than in the soft tissue, DMRT results and the stability of incorporated Zn into the shell support the use of the shell of the gastropod as a potential bioindicator for long-term contamination of Zn.