• Title/Summary/Keyword: Sodium-water reaction

Search Result 224, Processing Time 0.027 seconds

The Effect of Hydration Retarder on Initial Compressive Strength of Sodium Silicate-Cement Grouted Soil (시멘트 수화지연제가 규산나트륨-시멘트 그라우트 초기강도에 미치는 영향에 관한 연구)

  • Chun, Byung-Sik;Yoo, Young-Nam
    • Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
    • /
    • 2005.10a
    • /
    • pp.453-460
    • /
    • 2005
  • Sodium silicate - the usual portland cement which accomplishes a cement pouring reconsideration main stream and sodium silicate(No.3) after reacting sodium silicate(No.3) with the reaction sodium silicate where oxidation natrium which is included does not react with the cement receiving stiffening water it will burn together on underwater and to become the durability lacks pouring it is recognized. From the hazard which improves an advantage it used the additive which relates in congealing and stiffening of the portland cement and sodium tripolyphosphate(STPP) addition hour initial material age(72 hours at once) which does to be revealed the at high-in-tensity is discovered while accomplishing. The effect of additives on the reactions of sodium silicate solution and cement suspesion was investigated by various physical and chemical tests, such as Si-NMR, XRD, SEM uniaxial compression test. The additives were STPP(sodium tripolyphosphate), EDTA, SUGAR. The compressive strength of sodium silicate(No.3) - cement grout with additives was about $1.5{\sim}10$ times higher than that without additive in early age(72 hours).

  • PDF

Size Control of Spherical Nickel Powders Synthesized by Solution-Reduction Method (용액환원법에 의한 구형 니켈 분말의 입자 크기 제어)

  • Kwak, Hyo Jung;Nersisyan, Hayk;Won, Hyung Ill;Won, Chang Whan
    • Korean Journal of Metals and Materials
    • /
    • v.47 no.1
    • /
    • pp.21-25
    • /
    • 2009
  • The reduction of $Ni(OH)_2$ by hydrazine-sodium phosphinate in water and water-diethylene glycol solutions for the preparation of spherical nickel particles has been studied at room temperature. The effect of reaction conditions on the size and morphology of Ni powder was revealed using SEM and XRD analysis technique. It was shown that in the presence of sodium phosphinate the reduction process become activated and a formation of Ni particles was completed within several minutes at room temperature. As a desired result spherical Ni powders with particles size from 0.07 to 2.0 mm were obtained.

Decomposition of PVC and Ion Exchange Resin in Supercritical Water

  • Kim Jung-Sung;Lee Sang-Hwan;Park Yoon-Yul;Yasuyo Hoshikawa;Hiroshi Tomiyasu
    • Journal of Environmental Science International
    • /
    • v.14 no.10
    • /
    • pp.919-928
    • /
    • 2005
  • This study introduces the development of new supercritical water oxidation(SCW)(multiple step oxidation) to destruct recalcitrant organic substances totally and safely by using sodium nitrate as an oxidant. This method has solved the problems of conventional SCW, such as precipitation of salt due to lowered permittivity, pressure increase following rapid rise of reaction temperature, and corrosion of reactor due to the generation of strong acid. Destruction condition and rate in the supercritical water were examined using Polyvinyl Chloride(PVC) and ion exchange resins as organic substances. The experiment was carried out at $450^{\circ}C$ for 30min, which is relatively lower than the temperature for supercritical water oxidation $(600-650^{\circ}C)$. The decomposition rates of various incombustible organic substances were very high [PVC$(87.5\%)$, Anion exchange resin$(98.6\%)$, Cationexchange resin$(98.0\%)$]. It was observed that hetero atoms existed in organic compounds and chlorine was neutralized by sodium (salt formation). However, relatively large amount of sodium nitrate (4 equivalent) was required to raise the decomposition ratio. For complete oxidation of PCB was intended, the amount of oxidizer was an important parameter.

Simulation of Water/steam into Sodium Leak Behavior for an Acoustic Noise Generation Mechanism Study

  • Kim, Tae-Joon;Hwang, Sung-Tai;Jeong, Kyung-Chai;Park, Jong-Hyeun;Valery S. Yughay
    • Nuclear Engineering and Technology
    • /
    • v.33 no.2
    • /
    • pp.145-155
    • /
    • 2001
  • This simulation first allows us to define a transition zone from a bubble to jet mode of the argon out-flow and hereinafter to define a similar area for water-steam leak in the KALIMER SG (Korea Advanced Liquid Metal Reactor Steam Generator) using a water mock-up system, taking into account the KALIMER leak classification and tube bundle design, as a simulation of a real water-steam into sodium leak. in accordance with leak conditions in the KALIMER SG, the transition from bubbling to jetting is studied by means of turbulence regime simulation for argon out-flow through a very small orifice, which has the equivalent diameter of about 0.253 mm. finally the noise generation mechanism is explained from the existing experimental data. We also confirmed the possibility of micro-leak detection from the information of the bubbling mode through simulations and the experiment in this study.

  • PDF

A Study on Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions Using Water-soluble Chitosan Derivative (수용성 Chitosan 유도체를 이용한 중금속 이온 흡착에 관한 연구)

  • Lee, Kwang-Il;Kwak, Chun-Geun;Kim, Young-Ju;Jang, Buyng-Man;Kim, Sang-Ho;Lee, Ki-Chang
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.13 no.2
    • /
    • pp.85-92
    • /
    • 1996
  • Chitosan itself has been prepared using chitin, one of the most abundant compounds in nature, as a starting material. We have synthesized the water-soluble chitosan derivative, N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, through the reaction of water-soluble chitosan with carbon disulfide in the presence of alkali metal hydroxide. To elucidate this natural polymer capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions, we have performed adsorption experiments using the water-soluble chitosan derivative various average molecular weight and of different percent contents of sulfur. The effect of pH, adsorption time and temperature on adsorption efficiency was also studied. The adsorbent derived from water-soluble chitosan of average molecular weight ranging $9,000{\sim}120,000$ was shown to have the highest capacity of adsorbing heavy metal ions. On the whole, adsorbing efficiency was increased as the reaction time goes longer and also increased as the reaction temperture goes higer in temperture range of $15^{\circ}C{\sim}45^{\circ}C$. The adsorption capacity at various pH, however, was appeared to vary depending on the heavy metal ions studied Judging from these finding, water-soluble N-dithiocarboxy chitosan sodium salt, a derivative of a biodegradable nature polymer, is believed to be a potential adsorbent for heavy metal ions since it not only is shown to lower the concentration of heavy metal ions to below the drainage quality standard, but also it would not cause acidification and hardening of soil which is one of the detrimental effects of synthetic macromolecular adsorbents present.

Surface-Active Properties of Sodium bis-Alkyl Sulfonatosuccinate (술폰화된 호박산 알킬에스테르류의 계면성)

  • Kim, Myeong-Soo;Jeong, Hwan-Kyeong;Yoon, In-Young;Nam, Ki-Dae
    • Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.18 no.2
    • /
    • pp.95-102
    • /
    • 2001
  • Recently, there has been considerably interested in the development to new functional gemini type anionic surfactant, sodium bis-n-alkyl sulfonatosuccinate, had been synthesized through the addition reaction of sodium bisulfite to bis-n-alkyl maleate, in which water was azeotropically distilled by adding benzene to the reaction system, gave a good yield. All the surface activities including krafft point, surface tension, emulsion power and foaming were measure and cmc was evaluated in dilute solution. This results showed a lower ability in $27{\sim}30dyne/cm$ than single-chain surfactant with $32{\sim}35dyne/cm$ to surface tension. Also its cmc value much smaller in $(6.5{\sim}10){\times}10^{-4}mca{\ell}/{\ell}$ than single-chain surfactant with $(40{\sim}45){\times}10^{-4}mca{\ell}/{\ell}$ concentration. In foaming ability and foam stability of gemini surfactant had especially a good ability in approximately $100{\sim}150ml$, and in emulsing power they exhibited a good emulsing phase and stability, and Krafft points were $0{\sim}10^{\circ}C$.

Determination of Ammonia-N in Environmental Water by Air-segmented FIA

  • Feng, Yong-Lai;Tian, Li-Ching;Wang, Wei;Wu, Qiao-Znen
    • Analytical Science and Technology
    • /
    • v.8 no.4
    • /
    • pp.787-792
    • /
    • 1995
  • A method for determination of ammonia-N in environmental water by air-segmented flow injection analysis using the colour reaction of phenol and sodium hypochlorite with ammonia was described in this paper. When the reaction temperature is $70^{\circ}C$ and the reaction residence time is 5 minutes, a sample frequency of $60-90h^{-1}$ can be achieved. The detection limit and relative deviation are $0.05mg.ml^{-1}$ and 4%, respectively. The recovery of this method is 96 - 110%, and the determination results of the method are greatly agreement with standard colorimetric method.

  • PDF

Synthesis of 4,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone and Studies on its Fluorescent Effect (4,5-Diphenyl-Imidazolone의 合成 及 螢光效果에 關한 硏究)

  • Jeon, Poong-Jin;Kim, Hyung-Sook
    • Journal of the Korean Chemical Society
    • /
    • v.4 no.1
    • /
    • pp.70-77
    • /
    • 1957
  • 4,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone is synthesized from Benzoin, Urea, and Acetic acid catalyser. Nowadays, it is being used as an optical bleaching agent for wool and nylon textiles. Up to now, only one process of synthesis has been known. In order to find out the best conditions governing the yield were examined under various catalysers and conditions. In this experiment, the summary of results were as follows. a. On Acetic acid catalyser. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Acetic acid) 1 : 2 : 14, Acetic acid concentration 99.9%. Reaction temperature 115$^{\circ}$. Under reaction time of 2 hours, above yield was 96.4%. b. On Mineral acid Catalyser. In using of Sulfonic acid, the color of solution was changed dark purlish black. With other mineral acid catalysers, in spite of increasing of temperature, it was proved that Benzoin floats on the solution, so that this reaction could not be continue. c. On Phosphoric acid catalyser. It was made clear that it can not be used for this reaction. d. On Sodium hydroxide catalyser. As one of Alkali catalyser, Sodium hydroxide was examined but this was unsuitable substance for this reaction. e. On Formic acid catalysers. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Formic acid) 1: 2: 30. Formic acid concentration 85.%. Reaction temperature 150∼110$^{\circ}$. Under reaction time of 90 minutes, the best yield was 87%. Hereby, it was proved that organic acids such as Acetic acid and Formic acid can be used. When using Acetic acid, the yield was better than Formic acid, but it takes longer reaction time than Formic acid. About the fluorescent effect, the temperature of dye-bath must not be over 904,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone is synthesized from Benzoin, Urea, and Acetic acid catalyser. Nowadays, it is being used as an optical bleaching agent for wool and nylon textiles. Up to now, only one process of synthesis has been known. In order to find out the best conditions governing the yield were examined under various catalysers and conditions. In this experiment, the summary of results were as follows. a. On Acetic acid catalyser. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Acetic acid) 1 : 2 : 14, Acetic acid concentration 99.9%. Reaction temperature 115$^{\circ}$. Under reaction time of 2 hours, above yield was 96.4%. b. On Mineral acid Catalyser. In using of Sulfonic acid, the color of solution was changed dark purlish black. With other mineral acid catalysers, in spite of increasing of temperature, it was proved that Benzoin floats on the solution, so that this reaction could not be continue. c. On Phosphoric acid catalyser. It was made clear that it can not be used for this reaction. d. On Sodium hydroxide catalyser. As one of Alkali catalyser, Sodium hydroxide was examined but this was unsuitable substance for this reaction. e. On Formic acid catalysers. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Formic acid) 1: 2: 30. Formic acid concentration 85.%. Reaction temperature 150∼110$^{\circ}$. Under reaction time of 90 minutes, the best yield was 87%. Hereby, it was proved that organic acids such as Acetic acid and Formic acid can be used. When using Acetic acid, the yield was better than Formic acid, but it takes longer reaction time than Formic acid. About the fluorescent effect, the temperature of dye-bath must not be over 90$^{\circ}$. and the ratio of 4,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone and water should be from 1:50000. to 1:10000. It proved that the best effect on textiles, and the best condition were dye-temperature near 704,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone is synthesized from Benzoin, Urea, and Acetic acid catalyser. Nowadays, it is being used as an optical bleaching agent for wool and nylon textiles. Up to now, only one process of synthesis has been known. In order to find out the best conditions governing the yield were examined under various catalysers and conditions. In this experiment, the summary of results were as follows. a. On Acetic acid catalyser. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Acetic acid) 1 : 2 : 14, Acetic acid concentration 99.9%. Reaction temperature 115$^{\circ}C$. . Under reaction time of 2 hours, above yield was 96.4%. b. On Mineral acid Catalyser. In using of Sulfonic acid, the color of solution was changed dark purlish black. With other mineral acid catalysers, in spite of increasing of temperature, it was proved that Benzoin floats on the solution, so that this reaction could not be continue. c. On Phosphoric acid catalyser. It was made clear that it can not be used for this reaction. d. On Sodium hydroxide catalyser. As one of Alkali catalyser, Sodium hydroxide was examined but this was unsuitable substance for this reaction. e. On Formic acid catalysers. The maximum yield conditions were mol ratio (Benzoin: Urea: Formic acid) 1: 2: 30. Formic acid concentration 85%. Reaction temperature 150∼110$^{\circ}C$. Under reaction time of 90 minutes, the best yield was 87%. Hereby, it was proved that organic acids such as Acetic acid and Formic acid can be used. When using Acetic acid, the yield was better than Formic acid, but it takes longer reaction time than Formic acid. About the fluorescent effect, the temperature of dye-bath must not be over 90$^{\circ}C$. and the ratio of 4,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone and water should be from 1:50000. to 1:10000. It proved that the best effect on textiles, and the best condition were dye-temperature near 70$^{\circ}C$. and dye-time 15 minutes. . and dye-time 15 minutes. . and the ratio of 4,5-Diphenyl Imidazolone and water should be from 1:50000. to 1:10000. It proved that the best effect on textiles, and the best condition were dye-temperature near 70$^{\circ}C$. and dye-time 15 minutes.

  • PDF

Implementation of magnetic Fe3O4@ZIF-8 nanocomposite to activate sodium percarbonate for highly effective degradation of organic compound in aqueous solution

  • Sajjadi, Saeed;Khataee, Alireza;Soltani, Reza Darvishi Cheshmeh;Bagheri, Nafiseh;Karimi, Afzal;Azar, Amirali Ebadi Fard
    • Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry
    • /
    • v.68
    • /
    • pp.406-415
    • /
    • 2018
  • Here, as-synthesized $Fe_3O_4$ nanoparticles were incorporated into the zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF-8) lattice to activate sodium percarbonate (SPC) for degradation of methylene blue (MB). The reaction rate constant of $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8/SPC$ process ($0.0632min^{-1}$) at acidic conditions (pH = 3) was more than six times that of the $Fe_3O_4/SPC$ system ($0.009min^{-1}$). Decreasing the solute concentration, along with increasing SPC concentration and $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8$ nanocomposite (NC) dosage, favored the catalytic degradation of MB. The $Fe_3O_4@ZIF-8$ NC after fifteen consecutive treatment processes showed the excellent stability with a negligible drop in the efficiency of the system (<10%). The reaction pathway was obtained via GC-MS analysis.

Preliminary Study on Reaction Mechanism for Energy Generation using Hydride and Hydrogen Peroxide (수소화물과 과산화수소를 적용한 에너지 생성 메커니즘 연구)

  • Seo, Seong-Hyeon
    • Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
    • /
    • 2012.05a
    • /
    • pp.300-303
    • /
    • 2012
  • Global warming has been a serious problem due to excessive emissions of carbon dioxide from the increase of energy consumption. The present study investigates an energy generation mechanism that does not produce carbon dioxide and oxides of nitrogen. A reaction mechanism including sodium borohydride and hydrogen peroxide has been introduced and as a result, thermal energy can be generated from combustion of hydrogen with oxygen. Sodium borohydride dissolved in water reacting with liquid hydrogen peroxide may reveal maximum adiabatic reaction temperature of 1795 K at a mixture ratio of 0.89.

  • PDF