• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.175-179
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• 2004

Molecular nuclear cardiac imaging has included Tc-99m Annexin imaging to visualize myocardial apoptosis, but is now usually associated with gene therapy and cell-based therapy. Cardiac gene therapy was not successful so far but cardiac reporter gene imaging was made possible using HSV-TK (herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase) and F-18 FHBG (fluoro-hydroxymethylbutyl guanine) or I-124 FIAU (fluoro-deoxyiodo-arabino-furanosyluracil). Gene delivery was performed by needic injection with or without catheter guidance. Tk expression did not last longer than 2 weeks in myocardium. Cell-based therapy of ischemic heart or failing heart looks promising, but biodistribution and differentiation of transplanted cells are not known. Reporter genes can be transfected to the stem/progenitor cells and cells containing these genes can be transplanted to the recipients using catheter-based purging or injection. Repeated imaging should be available and if promoter are varied to let express reporter transgenes, cellular (trans)differentiation can be studied. NIS (sodium iodide symporter) or D2R receptor genes are promising in this aspect.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.68-72
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• 2007

A new PVC membrane potentiometric sensor that is highly selective to Hg2+ ions was prepared, using bis(2-hydroxybenzophenone) butane-2,3-dihydrazone (HBBD) as an excellent hexadendates neutral carrier. The sensor works satisfactorily in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10-6 to 1.0 × 10-1 mol L-1 (detection limit 4 × 10-7 mol L-1) with a Nernstian slope of 29.7 mV per decade. This electrode showed a fast response time (~8 s) and was used for at least 12 weeks without any divergence. The sensor exhibits good Hg2+ selectivity for a broad range of common alkali, alkaline earth, transition and heavy metal ions (lithium, sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, copper, nickel, cobalt, zinc, cadmium, lead and lanthanum). The electrode response is pH independent in the range of 1.5-4.0. Furthermore, the developed sensor was successfully used as an indicator electrode in the potentiometric titration of mercury ions with potassium iodide and the direct determination of mercury in some binary and ternary mixtures.

• Bulletin of the Korean Chemical Society
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.547-551
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• 2003

In the present work, the interaction of three water soluble porphyrins, tetra(p-trimethyle) ammonium phenyl porphyrin iodide (TAPP) as a cationic porphyrin, tetra sodium meso-tetrakis (p-sulphonato phenyle) porphyrin (TSPP) as an anionic porphyrin and manganese tetrakis (p-sulphonato phenyl) porphinato acetate (MnTSPP) as a metal porphyrin, with histone H₂B have been studied by isothermal titration microcalorimetry at 8 mM phosphate buffer, pH 6.8 and 27 °C. The values of binding constant, entropy, enthalpy and Gibbs free energy changes for binding of the first MnTSPP, and first and second TSPP and TAPP molecules were estimated from microcalorimetric data analysis. The results represent that the process is both entropy and enthalpy driven and histone induces self-aggregation of the porphyrins. The results indicate that both columbic and hydrophobic interactions act as self-aggregation driving forces for the formation of aggregates around histone.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.53 no.4
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• pp.1277-1283
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• 2021

It is important for operators of poly-pipelines in petroleum industry to continuously monitor characteristics of transferred fluid such as its type and amount. To achieve this aim, in this study a dual energy gamma attenuation technique in combination with artificial neural network (ANN) is proposed to simultaneously determine type and amount of four different petroleum by-products. The detection system is composed of a dual energy gamma source, including americium-241 and barium-133 radioisotopes, and one 2.54 cm × 2.54 cm sodium iodide detector for recording the transmitted photons. Two signals recorded in transmission detector, namely the counts under photo peak of Americium-241 with energy of 59.5 keV and the counts under photo peak of Barium-133 with energy of 356 keV, were applied to the ANN as the two inputs and volume percentages of petroleum by-products were assigned as the outputs.

• Nuclear Engineering and Technology
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• v.56 no.7
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• pp.2458-2473
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• 2024

The turbulent flow in reactor pressure vessel (RPV) of pressurized water reactor (PWR) is important for the flow rate distribution at core inlet. Thus, it is vital to study the turbulent flow phenomena in RPV. However, the complicated fluid channel consisted of inner structures of RPV will block or refract the laser sheet of particle image velocimetry (PIV). In this work, the matched index of refraction (MIR) of sodium iodide (NaI) solution and acrylic was applied to support optical path for flow field measurements by PIV in the 1/10th scaled-down RPV model. The experimental results show detailed velocity field at different locations inside the scaled-down RPV model. Some interesting phenomena are obtained, including the non-negligible counterflow at the corner of nozzle edge, the high downward flowing stream in downcomer, large vortices above vortex suppression plate in lower plenum. And the intensity of counterflow and the strength of vortices increase as inlet flow rate increasing. Finally, the case of asymmetry flow was also studied. The turbulent flow has different pattern compared with the case of symmetrical inlet flow rate, which may affect the uniformity of flow distribution at the core inlet.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.7-13
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• 1975

In the classic point of view, it has well known that the tangle is the mineral source, especially iodide. However, there are few reports that the tangle can be used the high-protein source. With the consideration whether the tangle can be used as a protein source as well as one of the foodstuff or not, this studies is done by animal experiment. The Albino rats to be examined were fed on the basal diet (Table 1) and the others including the polished tangle by weight 2%, 3%, 4% and 5%, as experimental diets, for 4 weeks, respectively. The weight gain(Fig. 1), total amount of diet intake (Fig. 2), total water intake(Fig. 3), feed efficiency ratio (Fig. 4) and protein efficiency ratio (Fig. 5) was measured by each week, respectively. In addition, organ weight (Fig. 6) and blood study (Fig. 7, Fig. 8) was also analyzed at the end of the experiment. As the results of this study, growth rate, that is, weight gain, feed efficiency ratio and protein efficiency ratio in all experimental groups increased more than those of the control group. Moreover, it was also found that weight gain, feed efficiency ratio, protein efficiency ratio by feeding on the 2 percent tangle group was higher than the corresponding values of all experimental groups. However, feed intake and total water gain were the most by feeding on the 5% tangle group. This result may be interpreted to show that the total content of sodium includes more than enough in the feed intakes. To obtain further information concerning the effect of the tangle-dietary conditions on the growth rate of Albino rats, it was measured the organ weight. In the adrenal and spleen, the total weight by feeding on the all experimental groups were decreased more than that in the case of the control group. In the other hand, in the liver the weight by feeding on the high concentration groups (4%, 5% tangle diets) were not higher than the control group, while in the case of the low concentration groups (2%, 3% tangle diets) were higher than that of the control group. When it was observed the blood components, total protein, hemoglobin, sodium, potassium, white blood cell and red blood cell of rats, the content of white blood cell by feeding on all experimental groups were lower than that by feeding on the control group, but it was also clear that in the other components except white blood cell in blood the contents by feeding on all experimental groups were similar to that in the case of the control groups. However, in the 5% tangle group, the content of sodium was the lowest of all experimental groups, where as the content of potassium was the highest of all experimental groups.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.38 no.4
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• pp.294-299
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• 2004

Purpose: Both human NIS and mutant $D_2R$ transgenes are proposed as reporting system in transplanted cell tracking. Using hepatoma cell lines, we constructed a dual reporter system containing human sodium-iodide symporter (hNIS) and dopamine 2 receptor ($D_2R$) and compared its characteristics. Materials and Methods: The recombinant plasmid ($pIRES-hNIS/D_2R$) was constructed with IRES (internal ribosome entry site) under control of the CMV promoter $pIRES-hNIS/D_2R$ was transfected to human hepatoma SK-Hep1 cell line with lipofectamine. HEP-ND ($SK-Hep1-hNIS/D_2R$) cells stably expressing hNIS and $D_2R$ was established by selection with G418 for two weeks. RT-PCR was performed to investigate the expression of both hNIS and $D_2R$ genes. The expressions of hNIS and $D_2R$ were measured by $^{125}I$ uptake assays and receptor binding assays. Specific binding of $D_2R$ to $[^3H]spiperone$ was verified by Scatchard plot with (+) butaclamol as a specific inhibitor. $K_d\;and\;B_{max}$ values were estimated. The correlation between hNIS and $D_2R$ expression was compared by using each clone. Results: Similar quantities of hNIS and $D_2R$ genes were expressed on HEP-ND as RT-PCR assays. HEP-ND cells showed 30 to 40 fold higher radioiodine uptakes than those of parental SK-Hep1 cells. $^{125}I$ uptake in HEP-ND cells was completely inhibited by $KClO_4$, a NIS inhibitor Specific binding to HEP-ND cells was saturable and the $K_d\;and\;B_{max}$ values for HEP-ND cells were 2.92 nM, 745.25 fmol/mg protein and 2.91nM, 1323 fmole/mg protein in two clones, respectively. The radioiodine uptake by hNIS activity and $D_2R$ binding was highly correlated. Conclusion: We developed a dual positron and gamma imaging reporter system of hNIS and $D_2R$ in a stably transfected cell line. We expect that $D_2R$ and hNIS genes can complement mutually as a nuclear reporting system or that $D_2R$ can be used as reporter gene when hNIS gene were used as a treatment gene.

• Clean Technology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.170-176
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• 2012

A series of acrylic copolymers containing perfluoroalkyl acrylate were synthesized by 2-step emulsion polymerization of variety of acrylate monomers (ethyl acrylate, butyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate) with perfluoroalkyl ethyl acrylate (PFA) and glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) monomers. This study focused on effects of monomer compositions (the kind of acrylate monomer, contents of PFA and GMA) and composition of surfactants [(sodium dodecyl sulphate/nonylphenol 10mole ethoxylate (NP-10)] and initiator content on the contact angles and surface free energy. It was found that the copolymer having an optimum composition (BA : 87 wt%, GMA : 8.7 wt% and PFA : 4.3 wt%) was shown to be quite surface active [surface free energy : 19.89 mN/m and contact angles : $103.5^{\circ}$ (water) and $78.7^{\circ}$ (methylene iodide)] in the solid state. This result suggests that the optimal copolymer containing fluorinated monomer synthesized in this study have high potential as a low surface energy material, which may have high oil- and water-repellent surface and have been proposed as acrylic syntan for leather and also as soil-resistant/oil and water repellent coating for textiles and wood etc.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.9
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• pp.1314-1320
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• 2009

Histone deacetylase inhibitor (HDACI) is a new promising candidate as an antineoplastic agent for the treatment of solid and hematologic malignancies. In order to evaluate cell death and to elucidate the related mechanism(s) in NSCLC cells after HDACI, sodium butyrate (SB), a representative HDACI, was used to treat H460 cells for 48 hrs. SB exposure resulted in a significant reduction of cell viability at concentrations below 7.5 mM, and about 50% of cell death occurred at 20 mM. The types of cell death induced by SB were both apoptosis and necrosis, evaluated by Annexin-V staining combined with propidium iodide. SB treatment significantly evoked G2/M cell cycle arrest and subsequently induced cell death with caspase-dependent manner. While ERK protein content was not altered after SB, phosphorylated forms of ERK were markedly reduced. Taken together, SB is significantly able to induce cell death in NSCLC cell line H460, and it is suggested that the reduction of ERK phosphorylation might be closely involved in the cancer cell death mechanism initiated by HDACI.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.39 no.6
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• pp.489-490
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• 2005

Purpose: The thyroglossal duct runs from the base of the tongue to the thyroid. Rarely the thyroid completely fails to migrate and results in ectopic thyroid tissue, which can be demonstrated scintigraphically. A 31-year old female patient was referred for thyroid scintigraphy due to protruding mass at the base of the tongue. She was mildly hypothyroid. Te-99m pertechnetate thyroid scan was performed to rule out ectopic thyroid gland. There showed a focal area of intense tracer uptake in sublingual area, suggesting the sublingual thyroid. In addition there noted diffusely increased tracer uptake in both breasts. The patient delivered a baby 6 months prior to the scan and was on breast-feeding. Free Tc-99m pertechnetate physiologically secrets into the salivary glands, the stomach, the gastrointestinal tract, the genitourinary tract and the mammary glands and sodium-iodide symporter plays a role in the accumulation of free Tc-99m pertechnetate. We report simultaneous visualization of lactating breasts and ectopic thyroid gland in the base of the tongue.