• Korea Journal of Hospital Management
• /
• v.25 no.4
• /
• pp.1-12
• /
• 2020

During the COVID-19 pandemic, most of the western countries with advanced medical technology failed to contain coronavirus. This fact triggered our research question of what factors influence the clinical outcomes like infection rates and case mortality rates. This study aims to identify the determinants of COVID-19 related infection rates and case mortality rates. We considered three sets of independent variables: 1) socio-demographic characteristics; 2) cultural characteristics; 3) healthcare system characteristics. For the analysis, we created an international dataset from diverse sources like World Bank, Worldometers, Hofstede Insight, GHS index etc. The COVID-19 related statistics were retrieved from Aug. 1. Total cases are from 95 countries. We used hierarchical regression method to examine the linear relationship among variables. We found that obesity, uncertainty avoidance, hospital beds per 1,000 made a significant influence on the standardized COVID-19 infection rates. The countries with higher BMI score or higher uncertainty avoidance showed higher infection rates. The standardized COVID-19 infection rates were inversely related to hospital beds per 1,000. In the analysis on the standardized COVID-19 case mortality rates, we found that two cultural characteristics(e.g., individualism, uncertainty avoidance) showed statistically significant influence on the case mortality rates. The healthcare system characteristics did not show any statistically significant relationship with the case mortality rates. The cultural characteristics turn out to be significant factors influencing the clinical outcomes during COVID-19 pandemic. The results imply that the persuasive communication is important to trigger the public commitment to follow preventive measures. The strategy to keep the hospital surge capacity needs to be developed.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
• /
• v.7 no.4
• /
• pp.98-108
• /
• 2004

The concept of community capacity is regarded as the ability of people and communities to do works associated with the determinant factors and indicators of the circumstances of socio-economic, environmental and physical contexts. Building capacity of communities to effectively analyze our problematic issues and planning of community development is often required to scrutinize current status of community of socio-economic and infrastructural capacity development with GIS. We consider community development as a planned effort to build assets that increase the capacity of communities. Spatial asset mapping is the process enabling to identify and make inventories of tangible and intangible assets. This mapping requires developing a capacity inventory that collects individual organizational and community capacities in view of human, socio-cultural, natural, financial, digital, and physical capacity. The purpose of this research is not only designed to suggest a new concept capacity building, but also proposes a more creative framework of asset-based community cap linking to parcel-based spatial asset mapping and capacity mapping process.

• The Journal of Asian Finance, Economics and Business
• /
• v.8 no.5
• /
• pp.381-389
• /
• 2021

The study examines differences in entrepreneurial intentions and its antecedents across countries and cultures. This study uses Ajzen's Theory of Planned Behaviour to compare the entrepreneurial intention of two diverse countries: Saudi Arabia and India. The study uses the non-parametric Mann Whitney U test and Structural Equation Modeling to analyze a sample of university students of the two countries. The study finds significant differences among the students of these two countries. The result indicates that entrepreneurial intention is higher in Indian students than their counterparts in Saudi Arabia. The result further indicates that attitude and perceived behavioral control explains entrepreneurial intention in both the countries. However, social norms are significant in explaining entrepreneurial intention only in India and not in Saudi Arabia. The findings of this study suggest that entrepreneurship has higher social approval in India when compared to Saudi Arabia. Social norms impact entrepreneurial intentions differently for India and Saudi Arabia. The study attributes the results to the differences in per capita income and socio-cultural norms in both countries. This study is one of the few that have explored cross-country entrepreneurial attributes as it addresses the research gap in terms of comparing entrepreneurial intentions of India and Saudi Arabia.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
• /
• v.11 no.spc
• /
• pp.69-83
• /
• 2005

This paper examines the diverse conceptualizations of trust and explores the multi-level factors affecting trust in organizations. Trust in organizations can be defined as a willingness to be vulnerable to the actions of others and to take risks based on the positive expectations toward the others' intentions and behaviors. The process of building and the content of trust in organizations can vary depending on the social and cultural backgrounds in which. the organizations lie. The reengineering process toward a flatter and flexible organizational structure requires the presence of trusting relationships within organizations. Networks within organizations can function as a basis and channel of trust formation. Finally, the importance of trust in efficient leadership process was discussed.

• Women's Health Nursing
• /
• v.21 no.2
• /
• pp.150-159
• /
• 2015

Purpose: This study was aimed to identify gender-based health inequality and explore impacting factors on health inequality in one province in Korea. Methods: This was an explanatory study using the secondary data on Chungnam province from the Fifth Community Health Survey from August 16 to Oct 31, 2012. Variables included in this analysis were education level, poverty, marital status, and residential community for socio-cultural characteristics and subjective health status as an indicator of health inequality. Data were analyzed by ${\chi}^2$-test, t-test, ANOVA, and multiple linear regression. Results: There were gender inequalities and disparities in health, and these inequalities were greater in woman than in man (${\chi}^2$=161.8, p<.001). The impacting factors were education level, poverty, marital status, and residential community, which was accounted for 22.6% of variances of health inequality. Among these variables, gender showed the largest influence in health inequalities. Conclusion: To solve health inequalities, it should be considered gender differences based on social determinants of health. It is necessary to develop long term project based on these results and the social determinants model of World Health Organization.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Culture
• /
• v.36 no.3
• /
• pp.284-292
• /
• 2021

The food service industry has grown larger with changes in the economic and socio-cultural environment. In this saturated food service industry, generation X and MZ are the main consumer forces that demand attention. That is because a generation is the main psychographic factor that reflects personal values and lifestyle based on one's life cycle. From such a perspective, a generation in marketing has been used as a variable to predict a market by supplementing demographic factors. Accordingly, this study classified generations into generation X and generation MZ with the use of the 2019 consumer behavior survey for food by Korea Rural Economic Institute (KREI) and then investigated the factors influencing group and personal dining-out expenses. The analysis was carried out applying the Tobit model using SPSS and R. The positively influential variables on generation X's personal dining-out expenditure were male, single person, high income and simple lifestyle, whereas housewives, personal ethical consciousness, behavioral ethical consciousness, and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables. The positively influential variables on generation MZ's personal dining-out expenditures were male, dual-income, high education level, corporate and governmental ethical consciousness, while the number of family members and safe dietary life were negatively influential variables.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
• /
• v.14 no.7
• /
• pp.4005-4013
• /
• 2013

Background: Although breast cancer is a major public health worry among Asian women, adherence to screening for the disease remains an obstacle to its prevention. A variety of psycho-social and cultural factors predispose women to delay or avoidance of screening for breast cancer symptoms at the early stages when cure is most likely to be successful. Yet few interventions implemented to date to address this condition in this region have drawn on health behavior theory. Materials and Methods: This paper reviews the existing literature on several cognitive theories and models associated with breast cancer screening, with an emphasis on the work that has been done in relation to Asian women. To conduct this review, a number of electronic databases were searched with context-appropriate inclusion criteria. Results: Little empirical work was found that specifically addressed the applicability of health theories in promoting adherence to the current breast cancer prevention programs Among Asian women. However, a few studies were found that addressed individual cognitive factors that are likely to encourage women's motivation to protect themselves against breast cancer in this region of the world. The findings suggest that multi-level, socio-cultural interventions that focus on cognitive factors have much promise with this issue. Conclusions: Interventions are needed that effectively and efficiently target the personal motivation of at-risk Asian women to seek out and engage in breast cancer prevention. Concerning implications, personal motivation to seek out and engage in individual preventive actions for breast cancer prevention among Asian women is a timely, high priority target with practical implications for community development and health promotion. Further studies using qualitative, anthropologic approaches shaped for implementation in multi-ethnic Asian settings are needed to inform and guide these interventions.

• Korean Institute of Interior Design Journal
• /
• v.15 no.6 s.59
• /
• pp.19-26
• /
• 2006

This subject is about the research of Shanghai Art Deco in the aspect of architectural decoration and seek to offers an examination and analysis of the characteristics related to the Art Deco design, which appeared and dominated the field of design from 1910s to 1904s in Shanghai. Study method is a theoretical consideration of reference and gathering data through field trip. In order to carry out this subject, this study will research following factors. First, factors related to Art Deco such as the period of origin, background, spirit, aesthetics, design characteristics. This is followed by the influence of Art Deco movement begun in 1925. Second, the background of Shanghai Art Deco architecture style was studied. Third, the case studies of Shanghai Art Deco Architecture and interior decoration were researched by the expressive factors which were divided by style, form, material and color. As a result early style had compradore style about 1900, later reactionism prevailed of 1920 affected by European Art Deco. Skyscraper style was built and architecture developed with racial characteristics. It has vertical and streamline form of typical Art Deco and strengthen geometrical motive in architectural expression. It appeared naturally and has the contrast of different material in material expression. It has effect on strong color as using highborn and brilliant color in color expression. They appeared chinese national spirit by using 'ot painting' in western oriented furniture. The purpose of such an examination is to classify, understand and validate Shanghai artistic and socio-cultural heritage in order to better appreciate the life philosophy of Shanghai and re-discover their basic roots. Though it began as a Western cultural movement, it is the purpose of this study to discover the inherent orientalism in its basic formative spirit.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
• /
• v.18 no.10
• /
• pp.129-136
• /
• 2020

The purpose of this study is to identify the influence of external-social and cultural factors on the perception of corruption in the public society through the Structural Equation Model(SEM) and to seek ways to reduce corruption in the public society. Currently the level of corruption in public sectors that people think is still large, and it is necessary to continuously reduce corruption in public sectors in order to improve national competitiveness. Since one society is a part of a country in system theory and social network theory, public society needs quantitative research in order to find the causes of corruption and solve them. The model was built and the variables were defined in SEM based on 600 questionnaires. As a result of analysis, corruption in public offices has decreased since the implementation of the solicitation and graft law, and socio-cultural factors have had a direct impact on corruption in public offices. The further research area is to seek detailed ways for transforming the education and awareness of civil society across the country in addition to the efforts of the public officials themselves in order to reduce corruption in public offices.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
• /
• v.3 no.1
• /
• pp.14-20
• /
• 1972

It is well known fact that physical growth and development of children are influenced by many factors. The importance of socio-economic, geographic and cultural background cannot be over-emphasized in the evaluation of general pattern of physical growth and development of children. In this study the author measured and studied the body height and body weight of children living in the region of mine and industry located in Young-Wol Kun, Kang-Won Do, for the purpose of exploring out the influence of socio-geographic factors to act on physical growth and development of children. Total number of samples were 4,147 comprising 2,170 in male and 1,977 in female with ages ranging from 7 to 15. 1) The growth curves showed that young males grow slowly by 14 years of age, here-after rapidly and the young females grow slowly by 12 years of age, rapidly by 13 years of age and slowly thereafter. 2) The annual increment curves of body height and body weight showed that the most increment of female occurs by 13 years of age and that of mate, by 15 years of age. 3) The growth curves of the male and female crossed twice. It shows the difference of the pattern of growth between the both sexes. 4) The standards for the children in this region were presented. 5) The time of changes of stndard deviation curves of body height and body wegiht coincided nearly with that of annual increment. 6) Body weight and body height .of the children is larger than that of Korean children before World War II, but smaller than that of standards of recent Korean.