• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.77-88
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• 2002

This article deals the investigations how to solve the social deficiencies of deteriorate apartments, which is a half cycle of a building and it goes slum clearance and redevelopment. And this proposes an active remodeling and design strategy, management, and housing policies for extending the usage of the resource. Most of apartment housing in Korea is built by the panel wall and slab structure system fur economic price. To remake is possible, even though not designed in flexibility and variation. The remodeling strategies are dwelling unification, transformation of two units to one or three units, addition of a room, changing into commercial and community required spaces, and reshaping of a envelop and facade by addition of a dwelling or dwellings, roof floors, change of materials and colors, and so on. And, all activities in structural aspect are proposed removal in upper part and addition in lower part of an apartment housing. Active remodeling cost a great deal compare to new construction, so any remodeling activities should be based on a minimal interfere and budgets to enhancing the quality in existing building. The final aim of an active remodeling is to enhance the quality in economic values, and to keep original state and to put on the new one in a small part. To promote the active and careful management and rehabilitation, it is necessary to give the positive incentive in terms of architectural law, bank loan, and any redevelopment project should get the remodeling record in national resources.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.21 no.5
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• pp.103-113
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• 2010

The post-war period has witnessed the emergence of new towns in a number of countries in Southeast Asia. The new town development in Malaysia started with Petaling Jaya (PJ) as a satellite town in 1953 to accommodate the rapid growing population of Kuala Lumpur (KL). Shah Alam (SA), Subang Jaya (SJ) are all located in the Klang Valley and act as an important social and economic development hub in the nation. New towns have been designed in accordance with the British town planning principles, which were based on the model of a modern ideal city. They constituted a new regional character because they were developed taking into consideration factors such as local technologies as well as site and, climatic conditions. The initial goal of the new town construction and planning, which focused basically on resettling squatters, was later changed to focus on the improvement of the quality of living. This phenomenon was related to the emergence of the middle class, which had grown rapidly ever since. With the public agencies, the private sectors have played an important role in providing viable and sustainable human units of settlement that address the new design issues of new town planning. The goal of this study is to identify the identity of the recent new town planning principles of Malaysia, how they were developed over time and how they were regionalized and transformed in a cultural and regional context. For the analysis, we chose 3 new towns which are located in Klang Valley and which are representative recent projects of two major housing development companies in Malaysia. To identify the planning principles, we analyzed these projects in the viewpoint of the urban space, street system, and housing blocks and units.

• Journal of Korean Home Economics Education Association
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.45-90
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• 1990

This study aims finding a desirable practical skill evaluation practice evaluation method and then improving student’s learning effect by analyzing the present state and the methods of practical skill evaluation in middle-high schools home economics education. Investigated persons are 250 of high schools home economics thachers(125) and middle schools home economics teacher(125) in Seoul, who are choosen by means of random sampling. The items analysis of questionnaires was performed by means of SPSS(Statistical Package for Social Science). The investigator analyzed their responses to the questionnaires according to teachers’ages, school careers, majors, places of employment, school years in charge. The results are marked with percentage and the significance level is verified by means of Chi-square(X$\^$2/) analysis method, when necessary. This thesis handles practical skill evaluation of general practice units, of clothing and textile unit, and of nutrient and food unit. The results obtained from the items analysis are as follows; I. Results of the items analysis. A. Practical skill evaluation of general units. 1. The motivation and accomplishment feeling of students are most frequently considered as the aims of practical skill evaluation, but the results of practical skill evaluation are, by contraries, most infrequently considered as improvement materials. 2. A greatest number of teachers make together with their colleagues an annual plan for practical skill evaluation an inform students of the concrete information of the test, but perform respectively practical skill evaluation, using 5 steps method. 3. The percentage that teachers majoring in home economics education as compared with others lay the similar stresses on the preparation processes, attitudes, and results of students is very high.

• The Journal of Korean Association of Computer Education
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.31-39
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• 2001

In this paper, we investigate the effects of group composition according to the personality type of learner on the content of discussion in web-based synchronous online discussion. The experiment for this study was conducted with high school students. First, we conducted the MBTI(Myers Briggs Type Indicator) test and based upon the result, we classified learners into 3 groups; introverts group, extroverts group, and introverts/extroverts mixed group. After the online discussion, the content of discussion were analyzed by the units of meaning, based on the four dimensions which were proposed in the 'content analysis model' by Henri(l992). Among four dimensions, 'social' and 'interactive' dimension belonged to category of inter-dependence, and 'cognitive' and 'metacognitive' dimension belonged to category of subject-relevance. The introverts/extroverts mixed group, which was heterogeneously composed, had the most positive effects on the total numbers of the units of meaning, the inter-dependence, and the subject-relevance of the contents of discussion.

• Journal of Environmental Science International
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• v.25 no.10
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• pp.1381-1387
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• 2016

This study aims to establish baseline data for sustainable monitoring by applying the green city index (GCI), which is set up to evaluate the city level, to the city of Gangneung-si, which was designated as a pilot city for the Low-carbon Green Growth City project by the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, and Transportation. The GCI was applied in the framework of European systems, while considering the social and economic status of Korea. Indicators from 7 areas-$CO_2$, energy, building, transportation, water, waste, and quality of atmosphere were analyzed, except for qualitative indicators. Results indicate that total $CO_2$ emissions were 30.8 tons per capita, or 2.2 tons per one million units of real GDP. The total final energy consumption was 0.231 TOE/capita, or 0.317 TOE per one million units of real GDP. The percentage of total energy derived from renewable resources was 0.41% and energy consumption by the building was $433.5Mwh/1,000m^2$. The total percentage of the working population travelling to work daily by public transportation (limited to bus) was 19%. Further, the total annual water consumption was $99m^3/capita$, and the water lost in the water distribution system was $0.057m^3/capita/day$. The total annual waste collected was 0.0077 ton per capita, The annual mean emission were 0.014 ppm/day for $NO_2$, 0.005 ppm/day for $SO_2$, and 0.019 ppm/day for $O_3$. The annual mean for PM10 emissions was $39{\mu}g/m^3/day$.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.19-26
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• 2017

The aim of this study is to suggest an improvement of BTL in Educational Facilities applying the concept of n-BPPP(non-Benefits Public-Private Partnerships). The research is based on four of ninety-nine completed projects of Mixed-use Educational Facilities since 2001. Ninety-nine projects are analyzed and categorized to the typology of architectural program. The architectural programs planned are uniform in function, such as gym, swimming pool, library, info-center, parking etc. The public parking is a main program in the BTL projects, where district offices are involved as partner. The difference between BTL and n-BPPP for educational facilities is the business units. The n-BPPP concerns in regional or district units in order to expand public infrastructure facilities based on the network of schools and local community. And the fund for n-BPPP does not come from the government but from the investors. The economic interest is to reinvest on the maintenance of the facilities. The benefits of n-BPPP will be not only for the Governments in terms of social welfare budgets but also for local residents and students in terms of a variety of high-quality public services. The concept of n-BPPP can be an alternative way for the Mixed-use Educational Facilities.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Earth Science Education
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.28-35
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• 2010

This study is aiming to determine the effect of learning dimensions oriented elementary science lecture on scientific attitude, academic achievement, and logical thinking based on 'Earth' section in the 2nd semester of the 5th grade. Analyzing sub-categories of dimension in each lecture before teaching, a teaching and a learning plans based on dimension 3 and 4 were devised and applied. The result of this study is as follows: Firstly, when sub-categories of Earth section in the 2nd semester of the 5th grade in elementary schools were examined, the unit '5-2-4. Volcanoes and Rocks' was missing 8 of total 28 sub-units, while '5-2-7. Solar families' unit was covering all sub-units of every learning dimension. Secondly, learning dimensions 3 and 4 centered elementary school teaching caused significant difference in scientific attitude. Especially, among other sub-categories of scientific attitudes, 'Social meaning of Science', 'Attitude toward Science lessons' were better improved. Thirdly, learning dimensions 3 and 4 based elementary school lectures didn't bring significant difference to academic achievement. Fourthly, learning dimensions 3 and 4 oriented elementary lessons didn't imply significant difference in sub-logics of logical thinking, however proved to be helpful for students of transitional age.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2008.11b
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• pp.1933-1942
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• 2008

Over the years, the Social Republic of Vietnam has demonstrated its high annual growth rate over 8%. In order to secure its sustainable economic growth, its has also demonstrated its sharp concerns on building up core infrastructures by luring foreign investments on a large scale, which would underpin the nation's economic propulsion. Among others, transport infrastructures and networks centering on railway systems are obviously seen as the most urgent to be built to continue its growth. Seoul Metro recently took a significant step forward in Vietnam to launch railway business by executing its export project of 6 units of metro cars to Hanoi as on July 10, 2008. Those 6 cars are scheduled to be put on the tracks linking Yen Bian, Hanoi with Ha Long, for demonstrative running, around October, 2008, carrying tourists on that 163kms of the National Railway line serving the region. A successful running on the track will duly entail further export of additional 54 units of Seoul Metro cars to Vietnam. In this thesis, description will be noted on the reuse and economic value of the Seoul Metro's de-commissioned metro cars, reflecting on the current urban railway law at home regulating the service life of rolling stocks domestically. This thesis will also study the points at issue, and the recommendable future orientation of the Vietnam railway business project.

• Journal of The Korean Association For Science Education
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.190-200
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• 2007

In this study, we analyzed the uses of external representations in material units of 7th grade science textbooks developed under the 7th National Curriculum on the basis of theories and research results on learning with multiple representations. The results revealed that the frequencies of microscopic external representations were higher than those of macroscopic and symbolic external representations. The external representations with drawing and/or writing were presented more frequently than those without drawing and/or writing. Furthermore, the external representations were rarely presented on the basis of the principles (e.g., personalization principle) and/or theories (e.g., dual coding theory, cognitive load theory, and social constructivism theory) for effective uses of the external representations in learning with multiple representations. Educational implications are discussed.

• Journal of Intelligence and Information Systems
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.23-43
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• 2016

As a result of the growth of Internet data and the rapid development of Internet technology, "big data" analysis has gained prominence as a major approach for evaluating and mining enormous data for various purposes. Especially, in recent years, people tend to share their experiences related to their leisure activities while also reviewing others' inputs concerning their activities. Therefore, by referring to others' leisure activity-related experiences, they are able to gather information that might guarantee them better leisure activities in the future. This phenomenon has appeared throughout many aspects of leisure activities such as movies, traveling, accommodation, and dining. Apart from blogs and social networking sites, many other websites provide a wealth of information related to leisure activities. Most of these websites provide information of each product in various formats depending on different purposes and perspectives. Generally, most of the websites provide the average ratings and detailed reviews of users who actually used products/services, and these ratings and reviews can actually support the decision of potential customers in purchasing the same products/services. However, the existing websites offering information on leisure activities only provide the rating and review based on one stage of a set of evaluation criteria. Therefore, to identify the main issue for each evaluation criterion as well as the characteristics of specific elements comprising each criterion, users have to read a large number of reviews. In particular, as most of the users search for the characteristics of the detailed elements for one or more specific evaluation criteria based on their priorities, they must spend a great deal of time and effort to obtain the desired information by reading more reviews and understanding the contents of such reviews. Although some websites break down the evaluation criteria and direct the user to input their reviews according to different levels of criteria, there exist excessive amounts of input sections that make the whole process inconvenient for the users. Further, problems may arise if a user does not follow the instructions for the input sections or fill in the wrong input sections. Finally, treating the evaluation criteria breakdown as a realistic alternative is difficult, because identifying all the detailed criteria for each evaluation criterion is a challenging task. For example, if a review about a certain hotel has been written, people tend to only write one-stage reviews for various components such as accessibility, rooms, services, or food. These might be the reviews for most frequently asked questions, such as distance between the nearest subway station or condition of the bathroom, but they still lack detailed information for these questions. In addition, in case a breakdown of the evaluation criteria was provided along with various input sections, the user might only fill in the evaluation criterion for accessibility or fill in the wrong information such as information regarding rooms in the evaluation criteria for accessibility. Thus, the reliability of the segmented review will be greatly reduced. In this study, we propose an approach to overcome the limitations of the existing leisure activity information websites, namely, (1) the reliability of reviews for each evaluation criteria and (2) the difficulty of identifying the detailed contents that make up the evaluation criteria. In our proposed methodology, we first identify the review content and construct the lexicon for each evaluation criterion by using the terms that are frequently used for each criterion. Next, the sentences in the review documents containing the terms in the constructed lexicon are decomposed into review units, which are then reconstructed by using the evaluation criteria. Finally, the issues of the constructed review units by evaluation criteria are derived and the summary results are provided. Apart from the derived issues, the review units are also provided. Therefore, this approach aims to help users save on time and effort, because they will only be reading the relevant information they need for each evaluation criterion rather than go through the entire text of review. Our proposed methodology is based on the topic modeling, which is being actively used in text analysis. The review is decomposed into sentence units rather than considering the whole review as a document unit. After being decomposed into individual review units, the review units are reorganized according to each evaluation criterion and then used in the subsequent analysis. This work largely differs from the existing topic modeling-based studies. In this paper, we collected 423 reviews from hotel information websites and decomposed these reviews into 4,860 review units. We then reorganized the review units according to six different evaluation criteria. By applying these review units in our methodology, the analysis results can be introduced, and the utility of proposed methodology can be demonstrated.