• THE INTERNATIONAL COMMERCE & LAW REVIEW
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• v.46
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• pp.29-60
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• 2010

The incentive and reasons to publish FIDIC Conditions of Contract for Design, Build and Operate Projects(DBO Form) are manifold. It is partly a response to the increasing need for sophisticated project delivery methods in both the public and private sectors and the already widespread use of the FIDIC Yellow Book with operation and maintenance obligations and partly a response to the challenge to decrease maintenance cost to a minimum by means of a new procurement route. As a result, FIDIC has developed a new model form to meet this market place requirement. On the other hand, FIDIC did not simply adapt the Yellow Book but has developed a new form from it, whilst preserving the style of the already known FIDIC Forms and maintaining the wording where it was not necessary to change it for the purposes of a DBO Form. Moreover DBO Form fills up supposed gaps in other FIDIC Forms and ameliorates the claim management and dispute management framework. FIDIC DBO approach may be shortly summarized as follows. First, DBO Form provides for single project responsibility. Second, DBO Form has the clear objective of ensuring the use of a most reliable and efficient technology at the lowest life-cycle cost. Third, DBO Form is intended to operate as an effective quality increase in the design and construction of projects. Fourth, DBO Form is intended to provide significant benefits with regard to system integration and reduction of risks. Fifth, DBO Form accelerates and enhances completion schedule compliance. Sixth, DBO takes care of all three supporting pillars of sustainability(including economical, environmental and social elements). DBO Form is obviously a good starting point for negotiations and the preparation of calls for tenders, thus saving the parties time and money. However, existing cultural and legal differences, particular local conditions and the particular needs of some branches of the industry may require the form to be adapted according to the particular needs of a project. And Civil law practitioners are strongly recommended to verify carefully the underlying legal concepts and background of each clause of the General Conditions in order to avoid unnecessary and sometimes unnatural changes and amendments being made. Note that when preparing the Particular Conditions ensure that terminology is consistent and that existing inherent concepts should not be ignored.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.11
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• pp.59-67
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• 2015

Purpose - The number of consumers adopting a lifestyle of health and sustainability has recently increased with the rise of trends in healthy living. The size of the organic agricultural product market has also increased given that these consumers prefer consuming environmentally friendly products that promote family health. However, awareness of organic agricultural products remains insufficient because of the characteristics of the Korean organic agriculture system, which only focuses on food safety inspection. The object of this research is to suggest a policy approach to increase understanding and to expand the purchasing of organic agricultural products by analyzing the influence of customer recognition of such products on their willingness to repurchase. Research design, data, and methodology - This study used binomial logistic regression analysis with the aim of explaining the effects of consumers' socio-demographic characteristics, their awareness of the equivalence arrangement for organic food and of the abolishment of low-pesticide agricultural product certification, and their viewing of negative broadcasts about organic agricultural products on their repurchase intention of such products. A questionnaire survey was conducted with 655 respondents who were in their 20s, lived either in Seoul or in its metropolitan area, and had purchased organic agricultural products. Result - From the results of the analysis, the majority of the respondents recognized organic agricultural products, but they found their prices to be expensive. The majority of the respondents were also aware of the certification system and the reliability of organic agricultural products. However, the results indicate that efforts need to be made to recover consumer trust as many respondents stated that their trust levels in these products were low. In general, those purchasing organic agricultural products were satisfied, but those answering "very satisfied" were not in the majority. Binomial logistic regression analysis results revealed that repurchase intention decreased as consumers viewed a greater number of negative broadcasts about these products. On the other hand, repurchase intention increased as they became more aware of the abolishment of low-pesticide certification. Repurchase intention also increased as income increased, as the number of family members decreased, and when a consumer was a member of a consumer organization. In addition, the older the consumers were who watched the TV programs, the smaller the number of family members that were aware of the abolishment of low-pesticide agricultural product certification and, the higher the income of the consumers aware of organic equivalence arrangement, the greater their repurchase intention. Conclusion - External stimuli, such as negative TV programs on organic agricultural products and the abolishment of the low-pesticide agricultural product certification, relevant social issues and systems, influence consumer repurchase intention. To that end, positive environmental and ecological broadcasting about organic agricultural products would contribute to an increase in purchasing. Additionally, this could be used for promotion and marketing plans as the results indicate that trust in organic agricultural products would cause a positive repurchasing effect.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.412-425
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• 2017

The success of K-Pop music industry continues as there is a new light shedding on the new Korean wave. There is a continuous discussion about the sustainability of the idol's dance music because of its limit in the uniform genre. As a solution to improve the quality of K-pop music, researchers said to supplement it through the change of educational system in the applied music. However, research into how much the education of applied music is contributing to the continuous success of the K-Pop music industry and how each industry is affecting each other was inadequate. Therefore, this study will understand the association between the K-Pop and the applied music, and look into ways that can act as a mutual supplementation for both fields. Subjects of analysis included performing artists, composers, arrangers, lyricists, and singers for songs within the top 100 of the digital total ranking for the past three years in the Gaon chart which is the official music chart for Korea. Then, the study apprehended how many of those subject had relations with the applied music and their activity frequency. As a result, there were a considerable number of K-Pop performers, at 41.74%, who also majored in the applied music. To continue to tendency of Korean wave and develop the Korean popular music, this study will explore roles each industry should cooperate in the future. There were the formation of social atmosphere for increase of consumer's needs to diverse K-pop music and change of education for training its human resources that K-pop industry demand.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.1
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• pp.11-25
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• 2010

Green Growth was declared as a national development agenda in 2008. There are many contributing concepts and factors in the process of molding the agenda, such as climate change, sustainable development, globalization, the so-called 747 campaign pledges by President Lee in 2007, and the hunger for economic growth in Asia and the Pacific. Green Growth is rather growth-oriented and pays less attention to environmental conservation and social justice. Green Development would fit better as the name of the agenda, dealing with the weaknesses of Green Growth. Climate change itself is a testing ground for geographic knowledges, whose demand is growing rapidly. The contemporary issue increasingly bears complexity that Earth System Science and Sustainability Science have emerged as a research and applications program. Geography is widely recognized as a portal to these programs, where inter- and trans-disciplinary studies are required. Regional potentials should be evaluated from a holistic view so that proper development goals are chosen. Different development trajectory should be taken, depending on the amount of potential a region bears. Material loop should be closed for environmentally sound regions. Green way of life is essential for low carbon society. In the circumstances of climate change in Korean Peninsula and needing of energy efficiency, geographic insight or imagination is urgent for Green Development.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.73-84
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• 2020

Recently, there has been a change in consumer culture. The paradigm is changing from a consumption model that used to emphasize rationality to an ethical consumption model that focuses on sustainability. Such a change in consumption patterns has also been seen in the cosmetics industry, but studies to empirically assess this trend are incomplete. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to empirically identify the impact of ethical consumption proprieties on attitudes and purchasing intentions for ethical cosmetics. To achieve the aim of this study, 506 adult women residing in Korea were selected as subjects and surveyed. To identify the demographic characteristics of the study participants, a technical statistical analysis and frequency analysis were conducted. To check the validity and reliability of the measuring tools, an exploratory factor analysis was performed, and the Cronbach's α factor was calculated. The analysis method was analyzed using the SPSS 25.0 and the Amos 25.0 statistical analysis programs. The results of this study are as follows. First, ethical spending tendencies had a positive impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. Specifically, interest in ethical issues, altruism, and business ethics perception have had a positive impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. However, consumer effectiveness had no significant impact on attitudes toward ethical cosmetics. Second, attitudes toward ethical cosmetics had a positive effect on purchasing intentions. This study found that for the spread of ethical cosmetics and ethical consumption trends varied according to the age and that attitudes toward ethical cosmetics and differences in purchasing intentions should be kept in mind. It also showed that attitudes toward ethical cosmetics affect purchasing intentions. The results of this study suggested that the analysis of adult women, the main consumers of cosmetics, by age was meaningful for finding the factors for growth in the macroscopic ethical cosmetics industry and that the industry could raise its ethical awareness. If such tasks are systematically established, ethical cosmetics are thought to be able to actively solve social problems and lead a mature cosmetics industry.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.45-53
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• 2010

When increasing quantity of construction wastes, how to deal with construction wastes and environmental problems relating to disposal of construction wastes are discussed as social issues, treatment of construction waste and subsidiary issues are raised as important problems. The demolition work produce construction wastes most in construction industry. Various researches on eco-friendly treatment of construction wastes, recycling rates and recycled materials were conducted aspect of sustainability in developed countries, however, domestic remodeling projects were performed demolition work with first-demolition and second-classification method which emphasize productivity focused on efficiency. It caused not only environmental problems, but also economical problems such as increasing disposal cost of construction wastes. Solving these problems, the previous study, suggested the process model of eco-friendly demolition work to recycle materials. This paper applied eco-friendly remodeling process to practical projects and economic feasibility on eco-friendly remodeling process. Moreover these results expect to contribute the revitalization of eco-friendly demolition work in remodeling projects.

• Journal of Environmental Impact Assessment
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.335-344
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• 2018

As the damage caused by the abnormal climate due to climate change is increasing, the interest in resilience is increasing as a countermeasure to this. In this study, the resilience of Suwon city was examined and the plan to improve the resilience were derived against climate impacts such as drought, heatwave, and heavy rain. Urban resilience is divided into social resilience (e.g. vulnerable groups, access to health services, and training of human resources), economic resilience (e.g. housing stability, employment stability, income equality, and economic diversity), urban infrastructure resilience (e.g.residential vulnerability, capacity to accommodate victims, and sewage systems), and ecological resilience (e.g. protection resources, sustainability, and risk exposure). The study evaluated the urban resilience according to the selected indicators in local level. In this study, the planning elements to increase the resilience in the urban dimension were derived and suggested the applicability. To be a resilient city, the concept and value of resilience should be included in urban policy and planning. It is critical to monitor and evaluate the process made by the actions in order to continuously adjust the plans.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.666-675
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• 2016

With the changing consciousness of consumers, there has been an increasing interest in nature-friendly lifestyles and safety of food ingredients. Therefore, the LOHAS image, which has value in social health and sustainability, is expected to be a factor that helps restaurants establish differentiation strategies. This study examined the LOHAS image of restaurants on involvement and willingness to pay. The results were as follows. First, eco-friendly food ingredients and interiors among the LOHAS image factors of restaurants had a significant effect on involvement. Second, the perception of LOHAS in the LOHAS image factors of restaurants had a significant effect on involvement. These results may be due to the lack of a conceptual understanding of LOHAS among restaurant customers, who fail to properly grasp its meaning. Therefore, in order to promote the LOHAS image of restaurants to customers, it is necessary to consider presenting POPs or signs that will enable customers to understand the concept of LOHAS inside the restaurant. Third, consumers' involvement turned out to have a significant effect on their willingness to pay. Thus, it is necessary to imprint the image of a LOHAS restaurant using eco-friendly colors, sculptures, and agricultural products so that customers can perceive food ingredients or interior elements as eco-friendly.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.7 no.4
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• pp.18-32
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• 2001

Korean society has frequently seen the conflicts between environmentally oriented ideology and development ideology which generally take shape as regional problems. An interesting example is the case of Paldang water resource protection area in Yangpyung-kun, Kyunggi Province. At the area, the rural residents are trying to take regional development by utilizing as much as natural resource in the region, and the central government is trying to make clean water sustained for the public interest of the whole people living within the supplying area of the water resource. Accordingly, the conflict is inevitable. It is the role of environmental movement group that makes us pay attention to this region. Under the present situation regarding environmental protection as a core keyword, the environmental protection groups tend to stand on the side of the central government. That is, those groups let the government consolidate its dominance discourse, which help the resistance discourse of the residents weakened. This basic structure of relationship sometimes touches off the situations of antagonistic confrontation. It is the group for organic fanning movement on the region that is playing a significant mediating role between the two. It has eased severe confrontation, and has persuaded the residents, expecially the farmers, to accept so-called win-win strategies which are related with various kind of organic fanning. The agriculture can be regarded as a win-win action because it is a way of fanning adapted to the protected natural environment. It is taking firm hold in this region as an alternative which can satisfy the ideology of 'sustainable development' or 'sustainability'. It could give us a kind of paradoxical confusion that the strategies of regional development of pro-environment are being carried out in the region where the residents are fighting against the government's strict control of natural environment. The example of this region, however, could show a significant direction for solving the continuous problem of conflict between environmental protection and regional development.

• Land and Housing Review
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.125-135
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• 2011

Automobile-oriented urban transport system, continued from the past in Korea, is giving rise to inefficiency and social costs in transport sector. With revitalizing usage of bicycle, human-powered transport mode, it is possible to enhance sustainable green growth, improvement of the city-competitiveness, and the quality of life. In this study, the possibility of bicycle usage promotion in Korean cities is examined at 7 points of views. As a result, though the bicycle usage is low now, we figured that there are many positive signs to increase bicycle usage in Korea. Also, we draw a diverse key policies for building green urban transport system that bicycle have a most important role on transport system. So policies to promote bicycle usage are reviewed to analyze on bicycle-oriented 5 cities, in which have high bicycle mode share. By this review, this study could draw 41 key effective policies to 3 aspects (bicycle infrastructure, safety and promotion, and policy sustainability). In addition to, importance of 21 key effective policies about bicycle infrastructure is suggested as considering city's characteristics.