• 신재생에너지
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.26-37
• /
• 2024

Renewable energy sources play a key role in achieving carbon neutrality and zero net emissions in the power generation sector. Various efforts have been made to support the deployment of renewable energy, particularly solar photovoltaic and wind power, including policies to internalize the external cost of carbon emissions. In this study, we conducted a financial analysis of a 800 MW floating photovoltaic system and compared it with ground solar power generation. Additionally, we conducted a cost-benefit analysis that included the social cost of carbon. The findings showed that the floating photovoltaic project can meet the profitability target through an appropriately designed internalization of the social cost of carbon.

• 전기학회논문지
• /
• 제67권2호
• /
• pp.173-178
• /
• 2018

This study organizes scenarios on the power supply and demand plans considering the uncertainties and the portion of distributed energy resources. In analysing the scenarios, it estimates total electricity supply cost in the social aspect, natural gas demand and air pollutants emission including carbon dioxide. Also the analysis is performed to estimate the marginal cost of carbon dioxide reduction for the fuel switching from coal to liquified natural gas. In result, the social cost could be decreased by replacing some portion of renewable energy by LNG-based combined heat and power and delaying the construction of large base-load generators such as coal and nuclear plants. The marginal carbon dioxide reduction cost by fuel switching is in plausible range for fuel switching to be an option for carbon dioxide emission reduction when the social cost is considered.

• 한국항해항만학회지
• /
• 제35권9호
• /
• pp.777-783
• /
• 2011

Interest about Modal Shift is not being decreased, and it is drawing limelight as green logistics which meets low carbon green growth of National development vision. As an effect of Modal Shift, not only reduction in CO2 emission but also reduction in social cost, logistics cost etc. are being discussed. However, until now research about its practical transformation effect has been scanty. In this study, the actual expenses via CO2 emission, social cost, and logistics cost etc. by road transportation and rail transportation of container cargo with Origin/Destination between Busan-Kyeonggi Area were calculated and we propose beneficial effects when transportation mode is transformed from road to rail with Scenario Planning.

• 한국대기환경학회지
• /
• 제33권4호
• /
• pp.403-410
• /
• 2017

With the growing importance of GHG reduction, wood pellets are considered as a cheaper renewable energy and carbon neutral. On the other hand, there is a concern that the burning wood pellets may release even more air pollutants such as CO and VOCs. In this study, we analyzed the social costs of burning fuels including wood pellets and coals based on the unit calorific value. The social costs were calculated by sum of the import costs of the fuels and the emission costs of the air pollutants. The results showed that wood pellets are inferior to coals in the aspect of the social costs. It is necessary to improve the quality of the wood pellets and pellet boiler facilities for being used eco-friendly energy sources in the future. We suggest that the control facilities of CO and VOCs should be installed, if the control costs are lower than the pollution costs.

• 무역상무연구
• /
• 제46권
• /
• pp.265-313
• /
• 2010

Kyoto Protocol is an international convention on concrete performance program for UNFCCC(United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change), which regulate and prevent to global warming and officially came into effect on February 16, 2005. Kyoto flexible mechanisms, the agreed environmental system in March 1997 in the Third Conference of Parties in UNFCCC General Assembly, Emission Trading System(ETS), Clean Development Mechanism(CDM) and Joint Implementation(JI), are key policies related to environment. In advanced countries, greenhouse gas emissions should be reduced average 5.2% level compared to 1990 in total emissions during 2008-2012. World leading carbon market finished the trial on the EU ETS I greenhouse gas emissions trading system, EU ETS II is operated regularly after 2008. World Bank leads to make 'Prototype Carbon Fund(PCF)' in April 2004, which is the world first carbon fund and a representative public carbon fund type, World Bank operate various funds including present PCF. Thus, I would like to propose as follows in relation to this study: First, in the validity analysis of carbon funds, it would be needed to analyze the Emission Reduction Cost Efficiency(ERCE) of carbon. The ERCE is a break-even value which brings the Net Present Value(NPV) to zero. NPV approach is used among projects and it enables potential projects to be compared and evaluated the ERCE on the basis of the net present value of net future cash flows. Therefore, according to results of analysis, carbon funds should be developed and invested. Second, it would be necessary to allow of issuing bonds together with carbon funds, carbon finance etc. Third, carbon funds, it would be reasonable to have a relatively enough maturity in project and as a financial derivatives in the international financial markets, it is needed various types of transactions. Fourth, it would be needed to standardize the carbon emissions trading for more efficiently. Fifth, it would be necessary to establish and invest in various kinds of domestic and overseas global carbon funds, including governments, privates, governments and privates sectors. And it is also needed to establish the medium and long term plans for carbon funds. Sixth, it would be needed to foster the advanced trade mechanisms for carbon funds in the most effective ways. Finally, carbon funds should be used in harmony with international societies to reduce global warming as the social responsible investing funds and it should be contribute to sustainable development. In addition, it would seem that carbon funds should be studied on establishing the contributable standard of sustainable development in the future assignment.

• 한국건설관리학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건설관리학회 2007년도 정기학술발표대회 논문집
• /
• pp.459-462
• /
• 2007

최근 급증하는 건설폐기물의 재활용이 중요한 문제로 대두 되고 있으며, 이를 활성화하기 위하여 건설폐기물 현장재활용의 논의 가 활발히 진행되고 있다. 이미 선행연구에서 현장재활용의 경제성 우수성이 입증되었지만, 현장재활용에 따른 사회적 비용의 정량화에 관한 연구는 미진하다. 본 연구에서는 현장재활용에서 발생하는 이산화탄소 발생량에 따른 사회적 비용을 산출하여 이를 중간처리 시 및 석산골재 생산 시 산출된 사회적 비용과 비교/분석하였다. 분서결과에 따르면, 현장재활용이 가장 우수하였다.

• 대한지구과학교육학회지
• /
• 제14권3호
• /
• pp.292-301
• /
• 2021

본 연구는 지구과학교육을 전공하는 예비교사들에게 SDGs(지속가능발전목표)와 연계된 ESD(지속가능발전교육)을 적용하기 위한 기초 연구이다. 연구의 목적은 예비교사가 내면화 하고 있는 탄소발자국에 대한 인식과 태도 및 지식, 주관적 규범 및 행동 통제를 분석하여 탄소 소양을 평가하는 것이다. 예비교사들은 탄소 발자국을 자신의 책임으로 인식하고 있지만, 비용을 지불하고 불편을 감수하는데 소극적인 이중적 태도를 갖고 있다. 또한 탄소 발자국을 줄이기 위한 행동을 지지하지만, 요구하지는 않는다. 탄소 저감 행동에 대한 상식은 충분한 반면, 지구 온난화의 원인과 결과에 대한 개념은 불안정하다. 예비교사들은 학교 현장으로 배출되어 수많은 학생들에게 지구 온난화 문제를 가르치게 될 것이다. 따라서 탄소 발자국을 줄이는 경제적 비용과 사회적 책임에 대한 소양 교육이 필수적이며, 생각과 행동 사이의 간극을 메울 수 있는 방법을 찾아야 할 것이다. 예비교사들의 탄소 소양(carbon literacy)에 대한 연구로부터 ESD로 이어지는 교육이 실현되기를 바란다.

• 동력기계공학회지
• /
• 제17권4호
• /
• pp.131-138
• /
• 2013

The purpose of this study is to suggest the evaluation standard of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building. Evaluation items of cost-effectiveness analysis for renew of architectural equipment in public building were used life cycle cost, energy consumption(ton of oil equivalent), green house gas emissions(ton of carbon dioxide) and maximum power demand. Life cycle cost is the process of making an economic assessment of an item, area, system, or facility by considering all significant costs of ownership over an economic life, expressed in terms of equivalent costs. The essence of life cycle costing is the analysis of equivalent costs of various alternative proposals. The social concern with green house gas and maximum power demand of architectural equipment field has been growing for the last several years.

• 한국도로학회논문집
• /
• 제18권1호
• /
• pp.119-129
• /
• 2016

PURPOSES : The purpose of this study is to develop a methodology for estimating additional carbon emissions due to freeway incidents. METHODS : As our country grows, our highway policy has mainly neglected the environmental and social sectors. However, with the formation of a national green growth keynote and an increase in the number of people interested in environmental and social issues, problems related to social issues, such as traffic accidents and congestion, and environmental issues, such as the impact of air pollution caused by exhaust gases that are emitted from highway vehicles, are beginning to be discussed. Accordingly, studies have been conducted on a variety of environmental aspects in the field of road transport, and for the quantitative calculation of greenhouse gas emissions, using various methods. However, in order to observe the effects of carbon emissions, microscopic simulations must use many difficult variables such as cost, analysis time, and ease of analysis process. In this study, additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service), and the annual additional emissions based on incidents were calculated. According to the results, congestion length and emissions tend to increase with an increase in incident clearance time, number of occupied lanes, and worsening level of service. Using this data, we analyzed accident data on the Gyeong-bu Expressway (Yang-Jae IC - Osan IC) for a year. RESULTS : Additional greenhouse gas emissions that occur because of highway traffic accidents were classified by type (incident handling time, number of lanes blocked, freeway level of service) and annual additional emissions caused by accidents were calculated. CONCLUSIONS : In this study, a methodology for estimating carbon emissions due to freeway incidents was developed that incorporates macroscopic flow models. The results of the study are organized in the form of a look-Up table that calculates carbon emissions rather easily.

• 한국산업보건학회지
• /
• 제25권2호
• /
• pp.134-145
• /
• 2015

Objectives: An objective of this study was to perform a risk assessment and social cost-benefit analysis for revising permissible exposure limits for seven substances: Nickel(Insoluble inorganic compounds), benzene, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde, cadmium(as compounds), trichloroethylene, touluene-2,4-diisocyanate. Materials and Methods: The research methods were divided into risk and hazard assessment and cost-benefit analysis. The risk and hazard assessment for the seven substances consists of four steps: An overview of GHS MSDS(1st), review of document of ACGIH's TLVs (2nd), comparison between international occupational exposure limits and domestic permissible exposure limits(3rd), and analysis of excess workplace and excess rate for occupational exposure limits based on previous work environment measurement data(4th). Total cost was estimated using cost of local exhaust ventilation, number of excess workplace and penalties for exceeding a permissible exposure limit. On the other hand, total benefit was calculated using the reduction rate of occupational disease, number of workplaces treating each substance and industrial accident compensation. Finally, the net benefit was calculated by subtracting total cost from total benefit. Results: All the substances investigated in this study were classified by CMR(Carcinogens, Mutagens or Reproductive toxicants) and their international occupational exposure limits were stricter than the domestic permissible exposure limits. As a result of excess rate analysis, trichloroethylene was the highest at 11%, whereas nickel was the lowest at 0.5%. The excess rates of all substances except for trichloroethylene were observed at less than 10%. Among the seven substances, the total cost was highest for trichloroethylene and lowest for carbon disulfide. The benefits for the seven substances were higher than costs estimated based on strengthening current permissible exposure limits. Thus, revising the permissible exposure limits of the seven substances was determined to be acceptable from a social perspective. Conclusions: The final revised permissible exposure limits suggested for the seven substances are as follows: $0.2mg/m^3$ for nickel, 0.5 ppm(TWA) and 2.5 ppm(STEL) for benzene, 1 ppm(TWA) for carbon disulfide, $0.01mg/m^3$(TWA) for cadmium, 10 ppm(TWA) and 25 ppm(STEL) for trichloroethylene, 0.3 ppm(TWA) for formaldehyde, and 0.005 ppm(TWA) and 0.02 ppm(STEL) for toluene diisocynate(isomers).