• Korean Journal of Social Welfare
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• v.57 no.4
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• pp.321-342
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• 2005

The finance of the National Health Insurance(NHI) in nearly every Nation in the world has been traditionally based on premiums of the workers and employers. But in Korea, the government has been guaranteeing financial supports to regional health corporations. After the unification of the different corporations in the NHIC, the government will not have to give financial support to the NHIC. Then this will be a serious financial challenge to NHIC, which has usually had financial deficit. The purpose of this paper is to review the problems of the premium based financing of the NHI and to exam whether such problems will be solved through the financial support from the state to the NHI. The analysis in this paper focused on five viewpoints; 1) work relatedness 2) redistribution effect 3) financial burden of business firms through the premium 4) risk pooling 5) management hegemony of the NHI. As a result, it was found that there are many problems in every five aspects and these problems could be solve through the financial aid from the state. But, it does not without any restriction mean to suggest that the financing mode of the korean NHI should be wholly transformed to a tax based financing mode. Because there are many things to be considered in oder to alter the financing mode of the NHI. Nevertheless, this paper would give a logical background to enlarge the financial aid form the state to NHI, or at least, to maintain it at a present level.

• Journal of muscle and joint health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.216-228
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• 1996

This study has purpose to perform leaving the hospital nursing plan during hospital treatment of patient with the knee ligament Injury on the basis of the concerns between the time of leaving the hospital after 2 weeks in hospital and the concerns through practical life after leaving the hospital systematically. This study is also tried to make exercise plan to prevent atrophy of Quardriceps muscle of the thigh caused by the limitation of activities. The subjects of study are 12 people who were in the hospital in affiliation to a university in Seoul, were operated on the knee ligament, and were discharged from the hospital within 2 weeks. Data collection time was for about 4 months from December, 94 to March, 95. Research method was performed 2 times by unorganized open questions. The collection of first data is through direct interview about the concerns before leaving the hospital, and secondary data is through direct interview about the concerns by practical life and experiences after leaving the hospital. The data was categorized by classifying several common elements among similar contents according to data by the situational analysis of Giorgi. The result of this study is as follows : 1) The concerns before leaving the hospital are like that the concerns of recovery possibility, the limitation of activities, the grim realities of life, the lack of confidence about self-nursing, the eyes of the surroundings, the burden to the others, and so on. 2) The concerns after leaving the hospital are like that the demands of the inconvenience by the limitation of self-nursing, the support about self-nursing by the difficulties of performing treatment order, the support of physical activities limitation by physical tiredness and the limitation of social activities, the support of information by the necessities of education in using crutches before leaving the hospital and continuing informational needs, psychological and mental support of normal physical recovery by the worries of physical recovery and physical change, and social support by thankfulness for his family and relatives. I suggest to make more systematic leaving the hospital nursing plan and exercise education plan for nursing plan after leaving the hospital of the patients with the knee ligament injury on the basis of this content.

• Korean Journal of Construction Engineering and Management
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• v.7 no.4 s.32
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• pp.118-125
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• 2006

The Korean government is encouraging positively PIP(private infrastructure project) to relieve financial burden and get the facilities in time. The portion of the PIP has grown rapidly into 15% of the whole SOC(Social Overhead Capital) projects. It is estimated that the growth will continue for the present. However, there are still rising problems on efficiency of the project and productivity, properness of the project scale are pointed against surprising growth. In this study, we analyze underlying problems of private infrastructure investment project and suggest CM Models to relieve the problems. To verify the validity of the suggested models, a survey has been conducted through questionnaires and analyzed the taste of the stakeholder. The owner-support Model is chosen as the practical model to apply in time. By applying the suggested model to PIP, it is possible to enhance the efficiency and productivity of the project.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.21 no.9
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• pp.644-651
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• 2021

This study used a qualitative research method to derive meaning through intensive interviews on stress, focusing on the subjective perceptions and experiences of college students about COVID-19. The study participants were 12 college students enrolled at University Y in Gyeonggi-do, and the questionnaires were 'How has your daily life changed due to COVID-19?' and 'What changes have you made in your environment due to COVID-19?', 'What kind of comfort/inconvenience did you experience due to COVID-19?'As a result of analyzing the stress experienced by university students due to COVID-19, the stress factors were found to be four types: concerns about academic quality, anxiety about disconnection from social relationships, burden due to decrease in jobs (part-time jobs), and health and safety anxiety. The results of this study, it seems that the university's efforts to optimize online classes, seeking social relationships through non-face-to-face, preparing policies for job creation for college students, and health management measures due to COVID-19 should be discussed.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.134-140
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• 2019

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Excessive sugar consumption may increase the risk for development of several diseases. Although average dietary sugar intake of Koreans is within the recommended level, an increasing trend has been found in all age groups. This study aimed to evaluate the population attributable fractions (PAF) to dietary sugar for disease and death in Korea, and to estimate the socioeconomic effects of a reduction in dietary sugar. MATERIALS/METHODS: The prevalence of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSB) overconsumption (${\geq}20g$ of sugar from beverages) was analyzed using the Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2015. Disease-specific relative risks of excessive SSB consumption were obtained through reviewing previous studies. Using the prevalence of SSB overconsumption and each relative risk, PAFs for morbidity and mortality were calculated. Socioeconomic costs of diseases and death attributable to SSB overconsumption were estimated by using representative data on national medical expenditures, health insurance statistics, employment information, and previous reports. RESULTS: Disease-specific PAF to SSB consumption ranged from 3.11% for stroke to 9.05% for obesity and dental caries, respectively. Costs from disease caused by SSB overconsumption was estimated at 594 billion won in 2015. About 39 billion won was estimated to be from SSB consumption-related deaths, and a total of 633 billion won was predicted to have been saved through preventing SSB overconsumption. CONCLUSIONS: Sugars overconsumption causes considerable public burdens, although the cost estimates do not include any informal expenditure. Information on these socioeconomic effects helps both health professionals and policy makers to create and to implement programs for reducing sugar consumption.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.164-172
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• 2019

This study examined the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD)-related variables of firefighters through a systematic literature review. Electronic databases were searched, including RISS, National Assembly Library, NDSL, KmBase. The search terms were PTSD, Post-Traumatic Stress, Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder and Firefighter. Eleven studies from 146 references screened were included. All studies were non-experimental and correlational analyses. The positive correlation factors were age, duration of work, traumatic events, frequency of mobilization, number and strength of traumatic events experienced, work burden, coping method, D-type personality, depression, and anger rumination. The negative correlation factors were resilience, social support, self-esteem. To improve the mental health of firefighters in the future, professional intervention programs should be constructed to improve resilience, social support, and self-esteem, which are protective factors of PTSD.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.23 no.11
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• pp.1420-1427
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• 2019

Super aged society, Japan actively uses Information Communication Technology(ICT) as one of solving methods for various social problem. Especially, for Korea where soon will become super aged society, it would be meaningful to examine the current policy trends and utilization of senior support using ICT in Japan. This study explores the policy trends and utilization of senior support using ICT in Japan through literature review, and then proposes some suggestions as follows. Opportunities for practical use of ICT should be widened in the field of senior support, and efforts are needed to build an information linkage network between institutions for senior support because linkage between care sector and medical sector is important for the elderly support. Besides, simplification of paperwork and easing of burden of care providers or workers in the field should be sought by development and dissemination of various robots. Moreover, the spread of technology for emotional support and stability should be actively pursued by using ICT.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.13 no.5
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• pp.357-363
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• 2022

South Korea faces elderly care crisis with both low fertility rate and rapid ageing rate. Long-term care insurance in 2008 has taken care burden from family to nation. However, few options, lack of tailored services, and unstable community care plan caused blankness of care in some areas. Especially, increasing dementia rate has become an emergent social issue. Welfare technology could be a useful alternative to fill out the gap between demand and supply. Using FGI method on two groups(high-risk dementia group and MCI group), intimacy, accessibility and preventive way of dementia with welfare technology are analysed in this paper. Despites of a few differences of dementia progress, interests towards technology are expressed. More suggestions using TV and normal telephone to improve daily independence are presented as well. Amongst MCI group, help-service for technology-use at ADS and linkage ways of in-home services are also suggested.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.198-203
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• 2022

Purpose: To grasp public opinion accurately, we conducted an opinion poll on beliefs and attitudes toward physician-assisted suicide (PAS). Methods: A randomized telephone survey ensuring a representative sample was conducted, 1,007 participants aged 18 years or older (response rate, 9.5%). Results: The main results are as follows: i) 61.1% of participants thought that the current social support system for terminally ill patients and their families is insufficient; ii) 60% of participants did not recognize the term "hospice and palliative care"; iii) 81.7% of participants would not like to receive life-sustaining treatment if there is no possibility of recovery; iv) 58.4% of participants would like to receive hospice and palliative care if they are diagnosed with a terminal illness; v) the priorities for dignified dying were preparing a support system to reduce the burden of care (28.6%), economic support including reduction of medical expenses (26.7%), expansion of hospice and palliative care services (25.4%), and legalization of PAS (13.6%); and vi) 58.3% of participants agreed that the expansion of hospice and palliative care should precede the legalization of PAS. Conclusion: Koreans currently want other efforts, including expansion of hospice and palliative care services, instead of the legalization of PAS.

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.495-499
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• 2024

This article summarizes the importance, definition, key strategies and future directions of sustainable packaging design.In modern society, sustainable packaging design is not only concerned with environmental protection and resource conservation, but also involves economic, social and cultural sustainable development.This paper explores strategies to reduce environmental burden and promote ecological balance by using environmentally friendly materials, optimizing packaging design, improving packaging recyclability and reuse. In addition, the article emphasizes the importance of design innovation, such as adopting a simplified design concept and modular system, as well as increasing the versatility of packaging.It also explores the application of life cycle assessment in packaging design to ensure that every step from design to disposal minimizes environmental impact. Finally, despite the environmental and social benefits that sustainable packaging design brings, it still faces technical, economic and regulatory challenges in practice.Future design will require interdisciplinary collaboration, integration of advanced technologies, consumer education and engagement, and enhanced policy and standard-setting to promote widespread adoption and practice of sustainable packaging.