• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제17권2호
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• pp.59-66
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• 2021

Objective : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship among the degree of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and social support, stress coping strategies, and self-esteem in patients with PTSD. Methods : A total of 48 patients meeting DSM-5 criteria for PTSD and 48 normal controls were recruited for participation in this study. We evaluated subjects using the Clinician-Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), Hamilton Anxiety Scale (HAM-A), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAM-D), Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (MSPSS) and The Ways of Stress Coping Questionnaire (SCQ). We analyzed data using an independent t-test and Pearson's correlation analysis. Results : In PTSD patients, total CAPS scores showed a significant positive correlation with HAM-A and HAM-D scores and a significant negative correlation with MSPSS scores. RSES scores showed a significant positive correlation with MSPSS and SCQ scores. MSPSS scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing and HAM-D scores. SCQ scores showed a significant negative correlation with PTSD avoidance and numbing. Conclusion : These results revealed that the better the stress coping strategies and social support, the lower the degree of symptoms in patients with PTSD. In addition, it was found that the higher the social support and self-esteem, the lower the degree of depression and anxiety. Therefore, in the treatment process, it seems important to identify and correct the self-esteem, social support system, and stress coping strategies of patients with PTSD.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.149-154
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• 2017

Objectives This study investigated associations between symptom severity and neurocognitive functions in patients with major depressive disorder using comprehensive neuropsychological tests. Methods Ten patients with low depression (LD) and 22 patients with high depression (HD) participated. Symptom severity was determined by both the Beck Depression Inventory and the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale. Additionally, anxiety was measured by the Korean version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI-KYZ). Ten subtests of the Korean-Wechsler Adult Intelligence scale (K-WAIS), Stroop test, the word/design fluency tests were administered to assess cognition. Results The LD and HD groups did not differ in any of cognitive measures but anxiety level. Namely, the HD group obtained significantly higher scores on the state (U = 29.50, p < 0.01) and trait (U = 28.50, p < 0.001) anxiety scales than the LD group. A significant interaction effect between trait anxiety and depression severity was observed on the picture arrangement subtest of the K-WAIS [F (1, 27) = 5.09, p < 0.05]. Conclusions Cognitive deficits observed in patients with major depressive disorder may be related to other factors rather than current symptom severity. Trait anxiety possibly moderates the effect of current symptom severity on social judgment in these patients.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.63-70
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• 2018

It has been suggested that aberrant self-referential processing (SRP) is one of the important components of the explanatory models of social anxiety disorder (SAD). The default mode network (DMN), which reflects intrinsic brain functions, is known to play a critical role in SRP. Recently, resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) research on the functional connectivity in the brain network has gained greater attention as a tool to elucidate the neurobiological basis of various psychiatric disorders. We reviewed resting state fMRI studies that investigated the resting state functional connectivity (RSFC) of the DMN in SAD. Despite of the heterogeneity of the analytic methods and occasional negative findings, most studies consistently reported abnormalities of RSFC within the DMN, suggesting that the DMN may be significant neural correlates of aberrant SRP in SAD. Also, changes in RSFC of the DMN are associated with clinical improvements of therapeutic interventions. Moreover, emerging findings provide the basis for potential use of RSFC as a complementary method in diagnosis of SAD. Ongoing and future research to investigate RSFC of the DMN could broaden our understanding regarding the neurobiological basis of SAD, and contribute to the development of novel treatments for SAD.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제16권2호
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• pp.98-105
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• 2020

Objective : The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of social anxiety disorder (SAD) and its association with psychosocial factors including self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support in a sample of medical students. Methods : A total of 405 medical students were included in this study. Subjects were asked to complete a self-reported questionnaire, measures of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN), the Rosenberg's Self-Esteem Scale (RSES), the Ego-Resiliency Scale (ERS), and the Duke-UNC Functional Social Support Questionnaire (DUFSS). The SAD and non-SAD group were defined using the SPIN score of 25 as a cut-off. The multiple regression analyses were performed to examine the association of self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support with SAD symptoms. Results : A total of 79 subjects (19.5%) were identified with SAD. The total RSES score, ERS score, and DUFSS score were significantly lower in the SAD group than the non-SAD group. The total SPIN score negatively correlated with the total RSES score (r=-0.481, p<0.001), the ERS score (r=-0.417, p<0.001), and the DUFSS score (r=-0.406, p<0.001). In the multiple regression, SAD symptoms were associated with self-esteem (β=-0.549, p<0.001), ego-resiliency (β=-0.395, p<0.001), and social support (β=-0.346, p<0.001). Conclusion : This study revealed the prevalence of SAD and its negative association with self-esteem, ego-resiliency, and social support among medical students. Our findings indicate that improving self-esteem and ego-resiliency as well as perceived social support may contribute to the management of SAD symptoms among medical students.

• 생물정신의학
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• 제24권2호
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• pp.45-51
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• 2017

Anxiety is one of the basic human emotions. From the evolutionary psychology point of view, it is a necessary factor for survival and prosperity of human beings that had been developed throughout time with the history of human survival and development. Anxiety plays the role of protecting one from social or physical threats. In reality, lacking of anxiety showed lots of examples of maladjustments. But the result of over-adjustment, which is overanxious disorder, is definitely disturbing one's survival and growth, and it can lead to anxiety disorder that needs to be treated. Anxiety from the evolutionary psychology point of view, started as a primary adjustment form and it evolves into various types of anxiety disorders that relates to the modern society's characters. Therefore, having the grasp of evolutionary psychology, which can be the base of treating anxiety and anxiety disorders, is very important. So from now on, studies for this aspect would need to be done as integrated and multidisciplinary studies not only by psychiatrists, but by including epidemiologists, psychologists, ecologists, biologists, and neuropsychologists. In this article, the author tried to review and explore the idea of anxiety and anxiety disorders from the evolutionary psychology point of view.

• 대한불안의학회지
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• 제14권2호
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• pp.88-98
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• 2018

Objective : The purpose of this study was to establish a school-based mental health intervention. The success of which was indexed by its effects on the social anxiety symptoms of the enrolled adolescents. Methods : This program for promoting mental health among adolescents in the community was adopted by three middle schools that volunteered to participate in the project. The program included screening for emotional problems related to social anxiety, depression, suicide, and post-traumatic stress disorder. Case management was provided for groups considered high-risk for depression, suicide, or post-traumatic stress disorder; cognitive-behavior therapy was provided for those at high-risk of developing social anxiety. Additionally, educational programs for the prevention of suicide, a "loving life" module, and mental health promotional campaigns were also included. In total, 1,100 middle school students completed self-report questionnaires. Twenty-five students in the high-risk group for social anxiety participated in a cognitive-behavior therapy program, comprising eight sessions, and conducted by two clinical psychologists. Results : Following the suicide prevention education program, suicide awareness among students increased and coping strategies were improved. In addition, the loving life program was associated with positive self-perceptions by many students. Furthermore, social anxiety symptoms showed a statistically significant difference after the cognitive-behavior therapy program. After the therapy, not only did social anxiety symptoms improve, depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation decreased significantly, while self-esteem and psychological resilience significantly increased. Conclusion : A school-based mental health intervention was successfully implemented in three middle schools and improved the mental health of the participating students. Therefore, this intervention could be widely implemented to promote positive mental health among middle school students.

• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• 제34권1호
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• pp.30-36
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• 2023

Objectives: This study examined the changes in anxiety and depressive symptoms in the parents of Korean adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) after participating in the Korean version of the Program for the Education and Enrichment of Relational Skills for Young Adults (PEERS^® -YA-K). Methods: Forty-six parents were enrolled (mean age 54.7 years; 22 fathers and 24 mothers), of whom 27 participated in the PEERS^® - YA-K as social coaches. Participants completed self-report scales, including the Test of Young Adult Social Skills Knowledge (TYASSK), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Symptom Check-List-90-R (SCL-90-R). The scales were administered three times: before and after the 16-week program and 4 months after the program ended. Differences between participant variables at pretreatment, post-treatment, and follow-up were analyzed using paired-sample t-tests. Results: Participants showed a significant improvement in their social skills knowledge (TYASSK) (p<0.01). There was a significant improvement in the BAI and BDI scores of parents with severe depressive and anxiety symptoms at the baseline (p<0.05). Paternal paranoia and maternal hostility results also significantly improved on the SCL-90-R. Conclusion: This study suggests that PEERS^® -YA-K can reduce parental anxiety and depressive symptoms. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first to compare the degree of depression and anxiety after PEERS^® -YA-K in parents of adults with ASD.

• 한국융합학회논문지
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• 제9권3호
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• pp.79-90
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• 2018

본 연구의 목적은 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의의 과정에서 정서 맥락적 배경의 유무에 따라 사회불안성향자들과 정상인 간 차이가 나타나는지 살펴보고자 하는 것이다. 이를 위해 무맥락적 배경에서 긍정 얼굴 자극에 대한 주의 과정을 확인하였고, 다음으로 정서 맥락적 배경이 존재하는 상황에서 동일한 주의 과정을 탐색하였다. D시의 800명의 대학생에게 SADS와 CES-D를 실시하고, 사회불안집단(SA, n=24)과 정상 대조군(NC, n=24)을 선별하였다. 주의 개입과 주의 이탈 두 요소를 측정하기 위해 최초 응시 방향, 최초 응시 시간을 안구 운동 추적을 통해 측정하였다. 그 결과, 사회불안집단의 경우 배경이 없는 상태에서 통제집단에 비해 긍정 얼굴 자극으로부터 더 빠른 주의 이탈이 관찰되었다. 그러나 긍정 얼굴 자극이 긍정 배경 자극 안에 제시되면 사회불안집단과 통제집단 간의 차이가 관찰되지 않았다. 이 결과는 긍정 배경이 사회불안장애성향자의 정서 처리에 영향을 미친다는 것을 시사한다.

• 아동학회지
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• 제30권4호
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• pp.99-117
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• 2009

This study examined the effectiveness of the Filial Therapy program for children with Separation Anxiety Disorder (SAD). Subjects were 8 mother-child dyads each in the experimental and comparison groups. Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon Matched-Pairs Signed-Ranks Test were performed following the therapeutic program. After application of the Filial Therapy program, results showed that, compared to the control group, (1) parents of SAD children in the experimental group significantly increased their level of empathic interactions with their children. AND (2) the experimental group children significantly reduced level of somatic complaints, anxious/depressed, and social problems. Conclusions were that Filial Therapy is an effective program for improvement of parent-child relationship of SAD children but not for changing problem behavior of SAD children.

• 대한가정학회지
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• 제48권3호
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• pp.55-69
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• 2010

A college student who exhibited several post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms was used as a case study in order to investigate the therapeutic effects of sandplay therapy for PTSD sufferers. In total, 27 sessions of the sandplay treatment program were used to conduct psychological tests before and after the sessions. Any changes in the manner of expressions on the sand box during the treatment, and the results of pre and post psychological tests on aspects of depression, anxiety and interrelationships were analyzed. Overall results showed that the subject exhibited progressive behavioral improvement and signs of recovery. Psychological tests revealed reduced levels of depression and anxiety, and improved interrelationship scores. In conclusion, sandplay therapy does exhibit positive benefits as an effective treatment modality for PTSD in adolescents and young adults.