• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.701-717
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• 2017

Criticism is related with recognition activity which is interpreting and evaluating the text based on the particular criteria. It reflects the awareness system of a particular time-period in that it is a work of social meanings beyond individual impressions. However, the standards of criticism have changed, like the awareness system has changed as economy, culture or technology has evolved. The emergence of SNS has influenced the field of popular culture. It improves the role and participation of the public in criticism. Moreover, it breaks the previous paradigm of production and consumption in cultural industry. These changes bring not only the positive ones, such as improvement of diversity and freedom of criticism, but also the negative one, confusion of values due to the absence of criteria. This study mainly concerned debates and discourses of SNS on , a new song of IU, and focused on changes of aesthetic evaluations of culture performer, producer and audience. Especially, the authors tried to find out how such new technology has changed the criticism, and how it has influenced on our aesthetic consciousness.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.11
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• pp.256-270
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• 2016

This purpose of this study is to present a new theoretical framework on birthrate recovery in advanced countries in the 21st century. As a result of socioeconomic development and individualism diffusion, the central axis of the family has transformed from the vertical axis of the father-son relation, to the horizontal axis of the husband-wife relation. This process is divided into 2 stages. In the industrialization stage, a nation or a society achieves equality of the individual in family formation, including marriage or divorce. In the post-industrialization stage, it accomplishes the couple equality in family maintenance, including child rearing and household labor. This paper grouped 33 OECD member countries as post- industrialization countries and 103 countries as industrialization countries. This study utilizes 6 variables affecting marriage and childbearing based on previous research. Research results find that during the industrialization stage, the birthrate falls as the education level of women is higher. In the post-industrialization stage, the birthrate rises as gender equality level is higher.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.12
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• pp.242-252
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• 2016

This study seeks to verify the effect size of the variables relating to job satisfaction through a meta-analysis focusing on previous papers over the last 20 years that have examined the job satisfaction of kindergarten teachers and verified the trend by publication year through a meta-regression analysis. The study results are as follows. First, the results demonstrated that the total effect size of the variables relating to kindergarten teachers was large. Second, the organization's internal variable and organization's external variable groups, except for the individual characteristics variable group, showed a large effect size at similar levels. Third, the status of teachers in the individual characteristics variable group showed a meaningfully large effect size and the interpersonal relationship variable in organization's internal variable group showed a relatively larger effect size than the organizational climate variable did. Finally, the results of the verification of the trend by publication year showed that job satisfaction increased for all variables, except for the individual characteristics variable in more recent publications. This study highlights the imperative of making every effort to improve the organization's internal and external environment. In particular, measures to reduce job stress and work load are required. Furthermore, the atmosphere that is devoted to the teaching profession and teacher efficacy is important.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.254-264
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• 2018

The study aims were to verify the influences of job environment factors and work attitude on turnover intention of school foodservice employees, and then to verify the mediating effect of organization commitment between six areas of worklife and turnover intention so that organizations can intervene to reduce the turnover intentions of employees. The subjects were 205 employees who were working in the school foodservice field. The job environment factors were measured by six areas of worklife (workload, control, reward, fairness, community, value) and the organizational commitment was measured by two types of commitments (affective, continuance). The results were as follows. First, workload, reward, community and value of six areas of worklife reduced affective commitment, control and fairness increased continuance commitment, and affective commitment reduced turnover intention. Second, only reward and community showed direct effect on turnover intention, but all six areas of worklife had a statistically significant indirect effect on turnover intention through affective commitment. These results showed that job environment factors had both direct and indirect effect on employees' behavior through employees' affection. These findings imply that organizations can control employees' turnover intention by providing education or social support to maintain their affective commitment even when organizations cannot change job environment.

• Journal of Korean Library and Information Science Society
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• v.40 no.2
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• pp.473-490
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to analyze the recognition of those majoring Library & Information Science on the jobs that they can get and want to work for, employment requirements and their preparation, to identify problems and to suggest how to improve current status. To this end, the jobs and employment rate reported by most of the Depts. of Library & Information Science and the preferred jobs and preparation to those majoring library and information were surveyed with 107 students studying in the Dept. of Library & Information Science in the K University as the subjects. According to the results, 49 jobs were identified as the jobs that those majoring Library & Information Science could get into. In the 1st to 20th job ranking groups, 82.1% of all identified jobs, librarian job took lower ranking as 29.2% while other jobs accounted for 52.9%. However, among the jobs from the 1st to 20th ranking accounting for 96% of all jobs that the subjects wanted to have, the librarian job took 45.8% and other jobs 50.6%, which suggested that the preference on librarian job was slightly increased among the jobs that the subjects wanted to have. Furthermore, the employment requirements were classified into religion, language, scholastic achievement, certification and experience. In accordance with investigation on requirements from employment announcement, 92% were in the generally acceptable level or insufficient level. On the basis of such results, it is suggested to introduce a variety of jobs to students and to provide Case-by-Case employment guidance for improvement of employment rate and social capability of students.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.12
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• pp.309-333
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• 2006

These days, the majority of public service area presents increment of utilizing a contracting-out with the following reasons such as cost-efficiency, maintenance of population changes in flexible manner, and convenience of management. The social changes have influence on policing structure and regional security system as well as problems associated with accepting the contracting-out in the public policing sector. However, many issues such as limited contracting-out sector, difficulty of encouragement of participation to private sector, and limitation of making a contract with contracting-out would be brought up when initiate contracting-out to the public policing sector. Changing security system to lower budget, planning restructure of organization, developing alterable partial contracting-out, establishing private and public cooperate system and rationalizing contract system are the suggestions to solve and modify the raising problems. This study suggests a differentiate regulation of policing services compare to currently existing contracting-out method to consider a distinctive working environment. The suggestions are as follows: 1. develop a security segregate model, 2. build a cooperative system between private and public policing sector, 3. broaden opportunity of participation of private policing sector, 4. open-competition among qualified private tender to make a contract. The private contracting-out in the public security service sector should be manage in different manner compare to other private contracting-out in government-oriented public service sector. Since work performance of each private contracting-out agency is strongly bond to safety of every civilian in the nation, it is essential to increase its standard of qualification of each agency.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.44
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• pp.251-278
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• 2015

Registered security guards carry out police duties as civilian police who are in charge of security service, and so they have a two-fold status: a civilian in terms of a social standing and a policeman in the way that they execute the authority of security. The problem caused by this legal position is that their legal rights and obligation can be unclear in the task-action and working relationship. This paper attempts to study their functions, rights, and legal duties through the interpretation of the related positive law so as to reveal the problems that may spring from this ambiguous status of registered security guards. This endeavor illuminates their legal status specified in the positive law in and around the Act on the police assigned for special guard, observing their functions and the legal duties in the pursuit of their tasks, and ending up pointing out the problems of the positive law. As a result of research work, the most significant problems, even if multifarious, are the avoidance of the state reparation in the responsibility for the illegal behavior in connection with their operation; the unconstitutionality of the disciplinary punishment regulation originated from the entrust with full powers; the imperfection of the rules about the cooperative ties with the police; the possibility of human rights abuse caused by the ban on the labor dispute; the equality problems from the dual pay system; and the inadequacy of the codes about the recruitment qualification and method. This research is intended to help achieve the purpose of the security of national critical facilities through the smooth execute of duties as well as the protection of the guards' rights. Besides, the key focuses posed in this paper are worthy of being developed more accurately through the following researches.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.49
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• pp.157-183
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• 2016

Countries across the globe, including those in Europe, are waging a "war against terrorism" as international terrorist groups such as ISIS and lone-wolf terrorists have unleashed various large-scale attacks on rail infrastructure. Anti-South Korean sentiment exists in Muslim-majority countries because the nation has cooperated with the US for its military interventions in the Middle East, and ISIS has threatened to target South Korea four times since September 9, 2015. In addition, North Korea has been left isolated in the international community with its missile and nuclear tests, while further escalating inter-Korean tension and threatening to strike major facilities and attack important figures in the South. These situations imply that South Korea is no longer immune to terrorist attacks. If the nation fails to prevent or deter such terrorist attacks against rail networks, massive casualties, property damage and social confusion would be unavoidable, deteriorating national and international trust in its counter-terrorism policies. This may lead to a national crisis involving decreases in the number of tourists, dampened interest of foreign investors, and capital flight. This study aims to propose policy measures to enhance railroad security checks, based on the work of railroad police officers, for the sake of protecting citizens and public safety. The suggestions include an incremental expansion of railroad security checks; growth of the railroad police force and adjustment of their policing distribution with other police officers; enhancement of security systems across important rail networks; improvement of the Railroad Safety Act; Southeast Asia, including the corresponding strengthening of the national crackdown illegal immigrants, and plans for pre-emptive and regular cooperation among organizations related to the promotion of security checks and the prevention of terrorist attacks.

• Korean journal of communication and information
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• v.64
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• pp.85-108
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• 2013

This paper aims to review Ahn Jae-Hong's studies on the history of the Korean press from the perspective of research history focussing his "Josun Shinmun Sosa(A Short History of the Korean Press)" published in 1935. For this purpose major discussions with respect to journalistic history during the Japanese occupation period are reviewed. The result reveals that Ahn Jae-Hong's studies using a comparative method and a social historical approach are judged to be the most representative outcomes at that time. The "Josun Shinmun Sosa" first explains "Inhaeng Jobo" and "Jeobo" as an origin of newspaper, and then explains various subjects on newspaper phenomena in the latter era of the Chosun Dynasty such as participants of major newspapers, the tone of newspapers, the analysis of newspaper character through evaluation of main articles, the system of newspaper, newspaper advertisements, pro-Japanese newspapers, newspapers managed by Japanese, newspapers for overseas Korean, etc. But partly it gives a general description rather than a detailed research due to the nature of contributions to the newspaper, and also includes an objective analysis and a subjective impression together. Nevertheless his researches can be valued as pioneering pieces of work as they comprehensively handled various objects of study on newspapers and gave new angle and orientation of interpretation on the newspaper phenomena at that time. Also it is judged that they had an effect on the period division as well as the description methods for the study of the history of the Korean press.

• Journal of the Korean Dietetic Association
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.123-139
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• 2015

The objective of this study was to document how clinical dietitians working at tertiary hospitals spend their time based on several categories of activities using a time measurement study. The questionnaires were distributed to 14 tertiary hospitals, and dietitians answered by classifying their work activities into several categories such as general care, indirect care, direct care, outpatient care, and food service management. A total of 129 clinical dietitians replied and their answers were analyzed according to the categories of activities. The times spent on the categories are as follows: general care (76.7 mins/day, 14%), indirect care (228.4 mins/day, 35%), direct care (120.1 mins/day, 22%), outpatient care (61.5 mins/day, 11%), and food service management (99.0 mins/day, 18%). The total working hours for dietitians was 590.0 mins, which exceeds the standard working hours of 540.0 mins (9 hrs) a day. From this study, we found that clinical dietitians spent very limited time on direct care. Times spent on activities were different according to type of employment and food service. Internship dietitians spent their more time on general care (P<0.001) while irregular dietitians spent more time on outpatient care (P<0.05). In contracted managed food service hospitals, clinical dietitians spent significantly less time on food service management (P<0.001). Regardless of doctors' order and consultation fees, clinical dietitians performed more than 95 percent of free consultation to patients. Entry-level knowledge and skills of dietitians working at hospitals are very important for quality service, but it is equally important to create an administrative and social environment that encourages clinical dietitian to spend more time on direct patient care.