• Title/Summary/Keyword: Social Risk

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The Structure and Process of Technological Risk (기술위험의 구조와 절차)

  • Yun Jin-Hyo
    • Journal of Science and Technology Studies
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    • v.3 no.1 s.5
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    • pp.75-103
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    • 2003
  • The technological risk has two major aspects. The one is technological aspect of the risk which consists of rules of nature and rational behaviors of humans. The other is social aspect of risk which consists of human values and nonrational and emotional behaviors of humans. So the technological risks should be called and treated as the technological and social risks. Because of these, not only technological professionals but also public people should have the chance to participate in the management of technological risks.

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The Effect of Attributes of Innovation and Perceived Risk on Product Attitudes and Intention to Adopt Smart Wear (스마트 의류의 혁신속성과 지각된 위험이 제품 태도 및 수용의도에 미치는 영향)

  • Ko, Eun-Ju;Sung, Hee-Won;Yoon, Hye-Rim
    • Journal of Global Scholars of Marketing Science
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    • v.18 no.2
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    • pp.89-111
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    • 2008
  • Due to the development of digital technology, studies regarding smart wear integrating daily life have rapidly increased. However, consumer research about perception and attitude toward smart clothing hardly could find. The purpose of this study was to identify innovative characteristics and perceived risk of smart clothing and to analyze the influences of theses factors on product attitudes and intention to adopt. Specifically, five hypotheses were established. H1: Perceived attributes of smart clothing except for complexity would have positive relations to product attitude or purchase intention, while complexity would be opposite. H2: Product attitude would have positive relation to purchase intention. H3: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention. H4: Perceived risks of smart clothing would have negative relations to perceived attributes except for complexity, and positive relations to complexity. H5: Product attitude would have a mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention. A self-administered questionnaire was developed based on previous studies. After pretest, the data were collected during September, 2006, from university students in Korea who were relatively sensitive to innovative products. A total of 300 final useful questionnaire were analyzed by SPSS 13.0 program. About 60.3% were male with the mean age of 21.3 years old. About 59.3% reported that they were aware of smart clothing, but only 9 respondents purchased it. The mean of attitudes toward smart clothing and purchase intention was 2.96 (SD=.56) and 2.63 (SD=.65) respectively. Factor analysis using principal components with varimax rotation was conducted to identify perceived attribute and perceived risk dimensions. Perceived attributes of smart wear were categorized into relative advantage (including compatibility), observability (including triability), and complexity. Perceived risks were identified into physical/performance risk, social psychological risk, time loss risk, and economic risk. Regression analysis was conducted to test five hypotheses. Relative advantage and observability were significant predictors of product attitude (adj $R^2$=.223) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.221). Complexity showed negative influence on product attitude. Product attitude presented significant relation to purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.692) and partial mediating effect between perceived attributes and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.698). Therefore hypothesis one to three were accepted. In order to test hypothesis four, four dimensions of perceived risk and demographic variables (age, gender, monthly household income, awareness of smart clothing, and purchase experience) were entered as independent variables in the regression models. Social psychological risk, economic risk, and gender (female) were significant to predict relative advantage (adj $R^2$=.276). When perceived observability was a dependent variable, social psychological risk, time loss risk, physical/performance risk, and age (younger) were significant in order (adj $R^2$=.144). However, physical/performance risk was positively related to observability. The more Koreans seemed to be observable of smart clothing, the more increased the probability of physical harm or performance problems received. Complexity was predicted by product awareness, social psychological risk, economic risk, and purchase experience in order (adj $R^2$=.114). Product awareness was negatively related to complexity, meaning high level of product awareness would reduce complexity of smart clothing. However, purchase experience presented positive relation with complexity. It appears that consumers can perceive high level of complexity when they are actually consuming smart clothing in real life. Risk variables were positively related with complexity. That is, in order to decrease complexity, it is also necessary to consider minimizing anxiety factors about social psychological wound or loss of money. Thus, hypothesis 4 was partially accepted. Finally, in testing hypothesis 5, social psychological risk and economic risk were significant predictors for product attitude (adj $R^2$=.122) and purchase intention (adj $R^2$=.099) respectively. When attitude variable was included with risk variables as independent variables in the regression model to predict purchase intention, only attitude variable was significant (adj $R^2$=.691). Thus attitude variable presented full mediating effect between perceived risks and purchase intention, and hypothesis 5 was accepted. Findings would provide guidelines for fashion and electronic businesses who aim to create and strengthen positive attitude toward smart clothing. Marketers need to consider not only functional feature of smart clothing, but also practical and aesthetic attributes, since appropriateness for social norm or self image would reduce uncertainty of psychological or social risk, which increase relative advantage of smart clothing. Actually social psychological risk was significantly associated to relative advantage. Economic risk is negatively associated with product attitudes as well as purchase intention, suggesting that smart-wear developers have to reflect on price ranges of potential adopters. It will be effective to utilize the findings associated with complexity when marketers in US plan communication strategy.

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Analysis of Farm Revenue Stabilization and Social Welfare Effects of Crop Yield Insurance (농작물재해보험의 농가 수입안정 및 사회적 후생 효과 분석)

  • Kang, Su-Jin;Chung, Won-Ho
    • Korean Journal of Organic Agriculture
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    • v.24 no.3
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    • pp.369-383
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    • 2016
  • Crop yield insurance program in Korea has rapidly grown not only in quantity but in quality for 15 years since it was introduced in 2001. Despite growth of Crop insurance, performance evaluation for crop yield insurance has not fully been evaluated at the farm, consumer and national level. The purpose of this study is to conduct the performance evaluation for crop yield insurance through estimating the effects of farm revenue stabilization and social welfare increase with three popular insurance items: apple, pear and sweet persimmon. Based on the analysis of social welfare effect, cost-benefit analysis of operating crop yield insurance was conducted at the national level. We found that crop yield insurance stabilizes farm revenue based on the estimated four risk indicators: Coefficient of Variation, Value at Risk, Certainty Equivalence, and Risk Premium. The result of cost-benefit analysis shows that crop yield insurance increases social net benefit by 44.1 billion won for the three items. As a result, crop yield insurance program has contributed remarkably on social welfare as well as farm management and its role will be more important in the future.

Determinant Factors of Innovation Resistance of Social Media (소셜미디어 혁신저항 결정요인에 관한 연구)

  • Jeong, Hwa-Seob
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.13 no.6
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    • pp.158-166
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    • 2013
  • This study gave attention to the people who has resistance of the social media that tens to be the use as innovations. Therefore, this study examined the determinant factors of psychological resistance of the social media such as Twitter focused on students as none-users of social media. Total of 268 none-users participated in this study. The results were as follows. First, relative advantage influenced negatively on innovation resistance. Second, perceived complexity influenced significantly not on innovation resistance. Third, perceived risk influenced positively on innovation resistance. Therefore, social media related to social relationship should improve relative advantage, the other way, decrease perceived risk such as defamation and personal attack.

SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP INTENTIONS AMONG UNIVERSITY STUDENTS IN UZBEKISTAN: A CASE OF TSUE

  • Lee, Chaewon;Khabibullo, Jurakulov
    • 한국벤처창업학회:학술대회논문집
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    • 2018.04a
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    • pp.191-197
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    • 2018
  • The purpose of the study is to identify social entrepreneurship intentions among university students in Uzbekistan focusing on the Tashkent State University of Economics(TSEU) as a study area. A 47 item questionnaire was distributed to 371 students of TSUE students in Uzbekistan by using convenience sample method. From a total of the 371 respondents, 278 (74.93%) were male, 93 (25.07%) were females and the average age of the respondents was approximately 22 years. The result indicates that the model in this study accounts for 67,7% of the variance in interpreting the social entrepreneurship intention. This study makes a contribution to the social entrepreneurship research area by including factors such as risk taking propensity, internal locus of control, moral obligation, self-efficacy and empathy as antecedents of the theory of planned behavior that also explains social entrepreneurial intention formation.

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A Study on the Factors Affecting the Intention of Chinese Users to Discriminate Against Fake News on Social Media - Focusing on attitude, social capital, and risk detection - (중국 이용자 소셜미디어 가짜뉴스 판별의도에 미치는 요인에 관한 연구 -태도, 사회자본, 위험감지를 중심으로-)

  • Tan, KeHong;Lee, Hwa Haeng
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.337-351
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    • 2022
  • With the full spread and rapid development of social media, the trend of decentralization of social media information propagation is becoming clearer day by day, and the segmentation of time by audiences using social media information is clearly progressing. Therefore, this study aims to study the influence relationship between social media attitudes toward fake news, social capital, risk perception, and discriminant intentions based on existing studies. Accordingly, the research model presented related research questions and organized a questionnaire to collect a total of 500 valid surveys. The SPSS 26.0 program and the AMOS 24.0 program were used to analyze the data. The research results are as follows. First, the more positive the user's attitude towards the fake news identification intention of social media, the more they want to use various methods or tools to identify the authenticity of online information. Second, the more positive the user's attitude towards social media fake news, the more aware of the potential threats social media fake news poses to their own physical, psychological, financial and so on. At the same time, by raising one's own awareness of the dangers, counterintelligence intentions against fake news on social media will also increase. Third, the richer the social capital the user has, the stronger the information literacy, and therefore the stronger the identification intention of social media fake news. Fourth, the higher the value of social capital Chinese users have, the greater the damage they have suffered from fake news, and the higher the risk awareness of fake news to protect their interests. Fifth, it means that Chinese users recognized information suspected of social media and took corresponding measures.

Factors Influencing the Use Intention of Social Commerce : Focusing on the Moderating Effects of Gender (소셜커머스 이용의도에 영향을 미치는 요인에 대한 연구 : 성별의 조절효과를 중심으로)

  • Kang, Hyunmo;Kim, Ji-Hern
    • Journal of the Korean Operations Research and Management Science Society
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    • v.38 no.2
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    • pp.117-139
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    • 2013
  • Due to the recent development of SNS(Social Network Service) which is represented by Twitter and Facebook, social commerce market which combines on-line shopping mall and SNS is expanding. With increasing speed of its market, this study is to focus on detecting the crucial variables promoting the use intention, which results in the sustainable competitive advantage in social commerce market. This research empirically analyzed the use intention of social commerce. Also, this study explores the moderating effects of gender in explaining intention to use social commerce. A technology acceptance model is applied for pinpointing the antecedents of intention to use social commerce and for revealing cross-gender differences. The results from a survey of 452 participants reveal that the effects of perceived risk, perceived usefulness, ease for use and subjective norm on intentions to use social commerce differ across gender. Findings imply that the risk-free quality and portrayal of in-group or out-group situations of social commerce need to be communicated to female consumers, along with the social norms of using social commerce. When targeting male consumers, the technological features illustrating the usefulness of social commerce should be focused. This study will provide diverse implications companies providing social commerce services.

Analysis of Influence of Monopoly Power on Optimal Export Level Using Genetic Algorithm (유전자 알고리즘을 이용한 수출기업 독점력이 최적수출생산량에 미치는 영향 분석)

  • Song, Jeong-Seok;Park, You-Jin
    • Journal of Korean Society of Industrial and Systems Engineering
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    • v.32 no.2
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    • pp.158-170
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    • 2009
  • This paper considers how the optimal export level is influenced by export risk, the degree of risk-averseness for exporting firms, and those firms' cost structure. In addition, export insurance is incorporated into some simple theoretical model to analyze the optimal export level. This paper applies genetic algorithm simulation to show that the exporting firms'risk-averseness do not affect the optimal export decision while export risk and cost function characteristic have relatively more significant effects on the optimal export level. Finally, our findings suggest that the most influential factor for the optimal export levels seems to be the monopoly power of exporting firms.

The Effect of Social Participation on Cognitive Impairment Degree among Korean Older Adults: Comparative Study between Urban and Rural Area (사회참여활동이 고령자 인지기능 손상 정도에 미치는 영향: 도시와 농촌 간 차이 분석)

  • Kang, Joo Young
    • The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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    • v.20 no.10
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    • pp.326-337
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    • 2020
  • The purpose of this study is to analyze the effect of social participation types on cognitive impairment degree(normal, mild, severe cognitive function) by urban and rural difference. The research was performed by multinomial logistic regression with the data of elderly 5,668 over 55 years of age from the sixth wave(2016) and the seventh wave(2018) of the Korean Longitudinal Study of Ageing. Results show that social participation reduces the risk of cognitive impairment on both urban and rural older adults regardless of types, but the types of social participation, which are effective to reduce the risk of cognitive impairment, are different between urban and rural area. According to residential area, types of social participation, which are effective to decline the risk of being mild or severe cognitive impairment and the risk of being severe cognitive impairment relative to mild, are different. These findings suggest that, in order to prevent cognitive impairment and reduce the severity, social participation is strongly recommended and appropriate supports are required. This implies policy and intervention efforts considering the urban and rural difference are needed.

A Study on the Calculation and Application of the Risk in the Hydrogen Stations (수소충전소의 위험도 산출 및 적용에 대한 고찰)

  • Seo, Doo-Hyoun;Kim, Tae-Hun;Rhi, Kwang-Won
    • Journal of the Korean Institute of Gas
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    • v.24 no.5
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    • pp.1-9
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    • 2020
  • In Korea, hydrogen stations are being promoted and commercialized. However, the risk assessment for the hydrogen station is not clear. In particular, it is not clear how to calculate the risk and acceptable criteria for a hydrogen station. Therefore, in this study, three hydrogen stations being installed were selected and general risks were calculated and the social risk of each hydrogen station was calculated. In general, the method of risk assessment is individual/social risk. This is an individual's death rate considering the frequency of accidents, And the likelihood of death according to the number of nearby residents. These can be used to calculate the level of risk for a hydrogen station. However, this method of calculate risks is the criteria for judging whether it is acceptable are unclear. For this reason, this study investigated the allowable standards for foreign risks and considered that they were acceptable by applying the risks of selected domestic hydrogen stations.