• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
• /
• 제18권4호
• /
• pp.463-469
• /
• 2005

An attempt was made to analyze the factors affecting mating performance of rams in pen mating systems. Due to many types of social interactions, mating performance of rams may decrease or increase. Six intact Muzaffarnagari rams were used and divided into three dominant subordinate pairs by food and ewe competition test. For dominant rams subordinate ram became competitor and vice versa. In the first experiment, ram was exposed to ewe but the competitor ram was kept outside the pen with the facility of visibility only. In the second experiment each ram was exposed to ewe along with the competitor ram and in third experiment ram was exposed to ewes (two) along with competitor ram in observation pen. Recordings of different mating and agonistic behaviour were done in all the experiments. It was found that subordinate ram's mating behaviour was inhibited by mere presence of a dominant ram out side without physical contact. However, when ram exposed to oestrus ewe(s) along with competitor ram, both dominant and subordinate rams spent much of their time in guarding activities instead of mating. In addition dominant ram tried to curtail the subordinate ram mating by agonistic interaction like fight and butting. Different guarding activities were observed either as active or passive type depending on level of dominanace. It was concluded that in a limited space the interaction of two or more rams might affect the number of services adversely.

• Journal of Preventive Medicine and Public Health
• /
• 제40권5호
• /
• pp.337-344
• /
• 2007

Objectives: This study was performed to investigate the level of quality of life (QOL) and to identify its related factors among the elderly using a hall for the aged. Methods: The study subjects were 350 elderly people living in Nam Gu, Gwangju City. They were interviewed by questionnaire to collect information on social-demographic characteristics, health behaviors, health-related characteristics and QOL. We used statistical analysis methods such as T-test, ANOVA and multiple regression analysis to find which factors affected QOL. Results: The characteristics relating to physical functions were as follows: presence of spouse, education, alcohol drinking, teeth condition, arthritis, frequency of visiting the hall for the aged, and depression. Age, arthritis and depression were significantly related to role limitation due to physical problems. General health was related to gender, age, and depression, and vitality was related to education, frequency of visiting the hall, and depression. Role limitation due to emotional problems was related to age and depression, and mental health was related to age, hypertension, arthritis and depression. Conclusions: This study showed QOL of the elderly was significantly influenced by socio-demographic factors, and physical or emotional conditions. To improve QOL of the elderly, we need to develop programs to promote health and to manage chronic diseases of the elderly.

• KSII Transactions on Internet and Information Systems (TIIS)
• /
• 제4권6호
• /
• pp.1311-1326
• /
• 2010

Peer-to-peer (P2P) networks consume the most bandwidth in the current Internet and file sharing accounts for the majority of the P2P traffic. Thus it is important for a P2P file sharing application to be efficient in bandwidth consumption. Bandwidth consumption as much as downloaded file sizes is inevitable, but those in file search and bad downloads, e.g. wrong, corrupted, or malicious file downloads, are overheads. In this paper, we target to reduce these overheads even in the presence of high volume of malicious users and their bad files. Sybil attacks are the example of such hostile environment. Sybil attacker creates a large number of identities (Sybil nodes) and unfairly influences the system. When a large portion of the system is subverted, either in terms of the number of users or the number of files shared in the system, the overheads due to the bad downloads rapidly increase. We propose ELiSyR, a file search protocol that can tolerate such a hostile environment. ELiSyR uses social networks for P2P file search and finds benign files in 71% of searches even when more than half of the users are malicious. Furthermore, ELiSyR provides similar success with less bandwidth than other general efforts against Sybil attacks. We compare our algorithm to SybilGuard, SybilLimit and EigenTrust in terms of bandwidth consumption and the likelihood of bad downloads. Our algorithm shows lower bandwidth consumption, similar chances of bad downloads and fairer distribution of computation loads than these general efforts. In return, our algorithm takes more rounds of search than them. However the time required for search is usually much less than the time required for downloads, so the delay in search is justifiable compared to the cost of bad downloads and subsequent re-search and downloads.

• 공학교육연구
• /
• 제11권3호
• /
• pp.78-89
• /
• 2008

이 논문에서는 공학단체의 윤리강령에 대한 전체적인 지형도를 검토한 후 미국과 우리나라의 8개 공학단체들이 보유한 윤리강령을 기본규범에 초점을 두어 비교 분석하였다. 이를 통해 발견한 주요 사항을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 미국의 공학단체들은 오래 전에 윤리강령을 제정한 후 몇 차례에 걸쳐 개정해 왔지만, 우리나라에서는 최근에 들어서야 윤리강령을 마련하고 있다. 둘째, 미국의 공학단체들은 상호학습을 통해 내용상 유사성이 높은 윤리강령을 보유하고 있는 반면, 우리나라 공학단체들의 윤리강령은 내용상의 편차가 크다. 셋째, 우리나라의 몇몇 윤리강령은 미국에 비해 내용이 빈곤하고 존재 여부 조차 인식되지 못하고 있다. 넷째, 미국의 공학단체들은 윤리강령에서 공공, 고용주나 고객, 전문직에 대한 책임을 포괄적으로 다루고 있는 반면, 우리나라의 경우에는 이러한 점이 충분히 고려되지 않고 있다. 다섯째, 미국의 공학단체들이 보유한 윤리강령은 공공의 안전, 건강, 복지를 가장 중요시하고 있지만, 우리나라의 경우에는 그러한 문제의식이 뚜렷하게 드러나지 않고 있다. 여섯째, 미국의 공학단체들은 지속가능한 개발을 비롯한 새로운 사회적 쟁점에 대해 적극적으로 대응하면서 윤리강령을 지속적으로 보완하고 있다.

• 한국전문물리치료학회지
• /
• 제15권1호
• /
• pp.77-85
• /
• 2008

The self-report measure is a useful tool for evaluating self-recognized disability and difficulty in daily living activities. Although many studies and clinics used the Neck Pain and Disability Scale (NPDS) for measuring neck pain and functional impairment, there has not been much adaptation of this for use with Korean patients. The purpose of this study was to establish the reliability and validity of NPDS among Korean neck pain patients. Fifty-five subjects (32 males, 23 females) with neck pain enrolled in this study. They completed standardized self-administered questionnaires. The NPDS measures pain intensity; its interference with vocational, emotional, recreational, social, and functional aspects of living; and the presence and extent of associated factors. Reliability was determined by the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency. Validity was examined by correlating the NPDS scores to the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) score. The test-retest reliability of the translated versions of the NPDS was good ICC (2,1)=.86 (95%CI .76~.92). Cronbach's alpha value for NPDS was found to be .93, and this was statistically significant (p<.05). The criterion-related validity coefficient was .79 (p<.Oll. We conclude that the Korean version of NPDS has been shown to be a reliable and valid instrument for the assessment of neck pain. Successful linguistic and cultural translation will admit appropriate cross-cultural comparison for clinical analysis. Therefore, this study can be expected to be used as an adequate evaluation scale for neck pain related studies and treatments.

• 자원ㆍ환경경제연구
• /
• 제19권3호
• /
• pp.459-483
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 오염을 배출하고 있는 과점기업들이 시장 진입을 내생적으로 결정할 때 정부가 부과할 수 있는 산출세와 진입세로 구성된 이부 환경세를 설계하고 있다. 특히, 시장 산출량에 따라 비례적으로 오염의 외부성이 발생하는 경우 이부 환경세는 후생을 극대화하는 사회적 최적 수준을 달성할 수 있다는 것을 보였다. 또한 논의의 확장으로 규제 과정에서 추정오차가 존재하는 경우 이부 환경세가 사회후생과 정부조세에 미치는 영향에 대해서도 분석하고 있다. 구체적으로, 사회적 이익집단들이 각자 자신들의 이익에 따라 서로 다른 정보를 제공하는 경우 이부 환경세가 시장 산출량, 정부조세, 그리고 사회 후생에 미치는 영향을 정태적으로 비교 분석해 보았다. 결과적으로, 정부가 사회 후생의 손실분과 정부의 조세 수입 모두를 고려한다면, 오염 함수의 기울기에 대한 과대 추정뿐만 아니라 수요 함수의 기울기에 대한 과소 추정에 대해 유의해야 한다.

• 대한인간공학회지
• /
• 제32권6호
• /
• pp.495-501
• /
• 2013

Objective: The purpose of this study was to survey of the subjective health status of the elderly farmer. Background: With increase of aged population, the health of the elderly farmer has become main concerns of the elderly in the rural community. For the effects of the factors related to quality of life, subjective health condition showed the largest influence. Method: The survey was conducted by 326 elderly farmers aged 50 and older in rural areas through structured questionnaires. Survey questionnaire consisted items of general characteristics, health-related life habits, levels of stress(SF-PWI), symptom of musculoskeletal diseases and general level of health(SF-36). For the data analysis, SPSS 19.0K was used, and analysis was conducted by using frequency, percentage, mean, and standard deviation. For the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders and comparison of average level of health, chi-square test and t-test were used. Results: The results of the study are as follows. It was shown that the symptom prevalence of musculoskeletal disorders had a significant difference in gender (p<0.01). Frequency analysis on presence of musculoskeletal symptoms in each part of body showed that leg/knee region was 28.1%, back region was 26.6%, shoulder region was 18.0%, arm/elbow region was 11.9%, hand/wrist region was 8.2% and neck region was 7.2%. According to comparison of average level of health, a social functioning were the highest as score 87.3, followed by mental health(65.6) and role limitation-emotional(65.5). Conclusion: Health promotion program for the elderly and female in the rural are needed. Application: The survey of the subjective health status of the elderly should be used for planning factors to make a health improvement plan in elderly farmer.

• Journal of the Korean Data and Information Science Society
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.1199-1206
• /
• 2015

최근 들어 OECD 국가 중 국내의 고령화 진입 속도가 가장 급속하게 증가하는 추세를 보이고 있다. 이로 인해 노인 빈곤율 및 노인 부양에 대한 이슈가 사회적 문제로 대두되면서 노후대비에 대한 중요성도 증대되고 있다. 따라서 이 연구는 급속히 증가하고 있는 고령층으로 인하여 발생되는 사회적 부담 문제를 미연에 방지하기 위해 국내 중장년층 가구주들의 노후대비 유무와 노후준비 결정요인을 분석하고 집단별 포트폴리오 구축 유형을 분석하는 데 목적이 있다. 연구 결과 노후대비를 위한 수단으로써 금융과 부동산을 결합한 상품을 개발한다면 노후대비 포트폴리오를 확대할 수 있을 것이라는 결론을 도출하였다. 위와 같은 연구 결과에 따라 인구통계학적 요인 뿐 아니라 보유 자원들의 정도에 따라 노후대비에 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있으며 특히 보유 자원들에 영향을 미치는 다양한 요소들이 노후대비가구와 미대비가구별로 차이가 있다는 것을 알 수 있다. 따라서 지속적으로 노후대비 유무에 따라 차이가 발생되는 포트폴리오에 대한 연구를 진행하고 국내의 고령층에 맞는 포트폴리오 구성 요인 등에 대해 파악해야 한다. 또한, 더 정교한 추정모형을 통해 더 나은 시사점을 제공해야할 필요가 있으며 본 연구를 통해 이러한 연구의 초석을 다졌다는 점에 의의가 있다.

• 대한간호학회지
• /
• 제46권6호
• /
• pp.836-847
• /
• 2016

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between utilization of home care services under the national long-term care insurance system and family caregiver distress. Methods: A secondary data analysis was conducted in this study using data collected in 2011 and 2012 from the Korean version of International Resident Assessment Instrument (interRAI) Home Care assessment system. The study sample included 228 clients receiving community based home care and their family caregivers in Korea. Descriptive statistics, $x^2$ test, t-test, and Heckman selection model analysis were conducted using SAS 9.3. Results: Presence of family caregiver distress was significantly associated with days of nurse visits (${\beta}$=-.89, p=<.001) and home helper visits (${\beta}$=-.53, p=.014). Level of caregiver distress was also significantly associated with days of nurse visits (${\beta}$=-.66, p=.028). Other factors which were significantly associated with caregiver distress were depression, cognitive function, inadequate pain control, social support for older adult, and caregiver relationship to the older adult. Conclusion: The results of this study show that visiting nurse service and appropriate support programs for Older Adults and family caregivers experiencing caregiver distress should be developed and provided to families based on the health care needs of older adults and their family caregivers for effective and sustainable home care.

• 한국컴퓨터정보학회논문지
• /
• 제15권6호
• /
• pp.129-138
• /
• 2010

본 연구는 운동중독이 신체적, 정서적 삶의 질적 가치에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 전제하에 운동참여자의 사회인구학적특성에 따른 운동중독과 정서의 성향을 분석하고 운동중독과 정서는 어떠한 관련성이 있는지를 규명하여 운동참여자의 운동중독을 예방함과 동시에 합리적인 대처방안을 제시하고자 고찰하였다. 그 결과, 운동 참여자들은 테니스를 통하여 본인의 건강 유지 증진에 대한 심리적, 정서적 안녕감이 크게 작용하고 신체적인 기술성취의 중요성으로 인하여 운동중독현상과 더불어 긍정적, 부정적인 정서에도 유의한 영향을 미친다는 결과가 나타났다. 이러한 사실을 상기하여 각 개인에게 긍정적 참여행동을 주지시키는 것은 물론 지도자들은 테니스 운동 참여자들이 보다 긍정적인 운동수행이 되도록 운동 참여행동을 제시하고 이러한 행동을 지속적으로 수행해 나갈 수 있도록 하는 것이 건강을 위한 여가의 한 형태로서 테니스 운동참여가 이루어질 수 있는 올바른 방향이라 사료된다.