• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• 제37권10호
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• pp.899-907
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• 2004

This study was performed to investigate dietary habits and nutritional intake according to body mass index (BMI) of female college students. The subjects were 1361 students with a mean age of 20.4 years residing in Seoul and Kyonggui area. BMI (kg/) between $\geq$ 18.5 to $\leq$ 23 was considered as nonnal, < 18.5 as underweight and > 23 as overweight. The subjects had a mean BMI of 20.0 kg/$m^2$ and 25% of them were classified as underweight group, 67% as normal group and 8% as overweight group. Dietary intake was assessed by food frequency method and consumption of foods and nutrients was analyzed. Frequency of meal skipping was higher in the overweight group, 16.1 % of the overweight group skipped dinner. Also, the frequency of snack intake was lowest in the overweight group. The overweight group consumed less meat and fish than the normal and underweight groups. The total number of foods consumed in a day was also significantly lower than that of the underweight and normal group. The overweight group consumed less energy, protein, fat, phosphorus and niacin than the underweight and normal groups. The overweight group took iron and sodium intake lower than the normal group. Mean intakes of nutrients except clacium and iron in all three groups were over Korea RDA. The NAR (nutrient adequacy ratio) value of all nutrients, except calcium, was lower in the overweight group when compared to the normal and underweight groups, and the MAR (mean adequacy ratio) of the overweight group was 0.89, which was lower than 0.92 of the underweight and 0.93 of the normal group. The above results indicated that the deficiency of major nutrients such as calcium and iron could be inducde by less kinds of consumed foods and frequent meal skipping including dinner in the overweighted group. Therefore, balanced nutrient intake is required to maintain skeletal health and prevent anemia in overweighted female college students aged twenties.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제28권6호
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• pp.847-856
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• 2012

Rhinitis and sinusitis are among the most common medical conditions in Korea, as well as Western societies. Environmental factors may influence both rhinitis and sinusitis; however, the role of dietary factors in rhinitis and sinusitis is not clear. The present study aims to compare the dietary habit, food consumption frequency, and food preference of elementary school students with or without rhinitis and sinusitis. The demand of their parents for an education program for the dietary prevention against rhinitis and sinusitis was also examined. The survey was conducted with a total of 200 subjects recruited from two elementary schools located in Gyeonggi area of Korea. The subjects consisted of 101 students with rhinitis and/or sinusitis (RS group) and 99 without rhinitis and sinusitis (control group). The students of the RS group were more likely to have habits of eating-out and street food use, to consume bean, peanut, walnut, almond, yogurt, egg, snack, and French fries frequently, and to prefer the types of foods prepared by stir-frying and deep-frying than the control group. The parents who recognized 'school nutrition teachers or food/nutrition-majored specialists' as the most appropriate educator for the dietary education program in the RS group (48.5% of their parents) were less than those in the control group (67.7% of their parents). The present study suggest that students with rhinitis and/or sinusitis may be different from those without the disease(s) in their dietary habit, frequently consumed foods, and preferred type of foods. More epidemiological, intervention, and laboratory studies are needed in order to elucidate the role of dietary factors in the development and prevention of rhinitis and sinusitis, which will have a significant implication to public health.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.176-188
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• 2008

In this study, we compared demographic anthropometric characteristic, health-related lifestyle and diet behavior among weight control behaviors of 1187 (555 male, 632 female) aged $40{\sim}69yrs$ in Ganghwa country. All the data were analyzed by chi-square test, trend test, student t-test using SPSS 12.0 version at p < 0.05. 'Attempting weight control (loss)' was more in women than that was found in men (36.6% vs 20.7%), and women attempting weight loss most were 40-50 yrs. The reasons of weight loss were 'health problem' and 'health promotion'. Physical activity and diet restriction were commonly employed as weight control methods. Both genders attempting weight loss had a higher education level, BMI, percentage of body fat, waist circumference and physical activity than those not attempting weight control (p < 0.05). In dietary habits like 'meal regularity', 'slow eating' and 'over eating', women attempting weight loss were superior than those who not attempting weight control group (p < 0.05). Eating pattern changes like 'decrease of fats and fatty foods intake', 'vegetable oil usage', 'increase of fruit and vegetables intake', 'decrease of sugar and salt intake' showed significant differences (p < 0.001) between the attempted weight control groups and nonattempted weight control groups. Salt taste was a preference in male non-attempted weight control group, while sour, hot and spicy taste were preference in female attempted weight control group (p < 0.05). Preference for processed foods, fried foods and snack were significant differences (p < 0.05) in women attempted weight control group. Those attempting weight loss tried to improve their eating patterns. However, those attempting weight loss were poorer than the others in health-related lifestyle and eating habit. Therefore, it is necessary to make an effort that improve healthrelated lifestyle and diet behavior in middle aged group.

• International Journal of Human Ecology
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• 제13권2호
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• pp.101-111
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• 2012

Children have become the target of intense and specialized food advertising efforts. This study examines the content of TV food advertising and discussed possible concerns from the perspective of children. A total of 102 ads were collected from two cable networks aimed at children. Most of the food ads used emotional appeals and did not provide information clues such as nutrition values. Ads with high sales pressure and celebrity endorsements appeared frequently and the ads for snack foods and high-carbohydrate bakery products were dominant. Understanding food ads can be a significant indicator to establish the orientation of consumer ad education and build educational programs appropriate for children. The issue that appears conspicuous in child targeted advertising and marketing is the childhood obesity and food advertising relation; subsequently, there is a need to evolve advertising that targets children into a positive educational information source.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제2권1호
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• pp.11-16
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• 1997

Alkaline cooking and processing properties of domestic maize were evaluated by comparing to those of imported control maize(Asgrow 404). Domestric maize varieties were hydrated more rapidly and had lower dry matter losses during alkaline cooking than control maize due to softer endosperm texture and incomplete removal of pericarps. Domestic maize varieties produced masas with proper handling properties when nixtamals had 50~52% moisture. However, masas produced from domestic maizes were puffed dur-ing baking and frying process due to the release of more free starch granules in the masa than control masa. Tortilla chips prepared from domestic maizes absorbed more oil during frying and had slightly higher water content with darker color than tortilla chips prepared from control maize. Among the domestic maize hybrids, KS42/Fla2BT113 had more acceptable kernel characteristics of tortilla chips than other varieties.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제7권4호
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• pp.103-109
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• 1991

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the foodservice management practices in day care centers in order to provide basic information and guideline for development of foodservice facilities standard model and sanitation manuals. Basic survey and evaluation were done for 24 day-care centers categorized in four groups. General foodservice management practies, status of equipment, and hygienic conditions were evaluated. The results of the survey showed the followings: the cost of lunch and the cost of interim snack varied very much among each group; development of standard recipe as well as purchase of foods were not done by an expert; the hygienic condition of kitchens and dining-room needed more attention for improvement; the sanitary practies of employees showed potential problems; kitchen facilites were not standardized, especially only 20.8% of the facilities were equipped with the three-compartment sink, which was regarded as essential.

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• 제8권4호
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• pp.401-405
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• 2003

This study was conducted to find gender differences in physical activity, dietary habit and nutrient intake in 4∼6th grade students in elementary school. Physical activity assessment showed that males significantly engaged in more vigorous activity with longer duration than females. It was found that females skipped their breakfast more often and had more snack than males. On the other hand, males were more indulged in peaky eating, despite their good practice of drinking milk. Twenty-four hour dietary recall revealed that energy intakes in both males and females were not sufficient. Furthermore, subjects, regardless of gender, consumed marginal intakes of Ca and Fe. Special attention should be given to marginal intakes of Ca in the subjects. Due to low Fe intake in females, more caution should be taken to include a meal which can enhance iron absorption. It might be suggested that effective intervention strategies need to be developed and implemented to choose nutrient dense foods and activities that lead to better health.

• 한국식품조리과학회지
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• 제19권2호
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• pp.127-135
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• 2003

The aim of this study was to determine what kinds of foods university students have, how often they eat out and the regularity and quantity of food they consume. A questionnaire surrey was conducted on 597 university students. The main results are as follows : The average weight of the participants was 68.24kg(male) and 53.12kg(female) with average height 174.50cm(male) and 162.48cm(female). Many students ate irregularly (breakfast 73.5%, lunch 54.4%. dinner 57.1%). The percentage students who had a meal with the average amounts of food were 32.2%(breakfast), 61.1%(lunch), 39.2%(dinner). Male students ate out than female (lunch＞dinner＞breakfast). Male students usually ate rice, meat, fish, soybean and seaweeds, Female students ate bread, fruits and milk products. Male students consumed carbonated beverages drinks and alcohol more often than females-who consumed many types of-snack More female students preferred fast food than males.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제14권1호
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• pp.55-66
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• 2009

This study was aimed to examine nutrition knowledge, dietary attitudes, and eating habits of elementary school students and to examine if their characteristics differ by gender. Subjects were 5th and 6th graders of an elementary school (n = 317) in Seoul, and the survey was done during July 2007. Mean height, weight, BMI of subjects was 148.1 cm. 41.7 kg, 19.0, and 14.3% of subjects were categorized as the overweight/obese group. Anthropometric data were not significantly different by gender. Mean score of nutrition knowledge was 14.9 out of 20 showing moderate knowledge levels, and girls scored higher on nutrition knowledge than boys (p < 0.05). Subjects showed knowledge deficit in areas such as nutrients, food groups and specific weight control information. The percentages of correct answers regarding meals for brain function were significantly higher in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). They got nutrition information mainly from mass media and family/relatives. The mean score of dietary attitudes was 41.2 (possible score: 10-50) indicating somewhat positive attitudes, and the score of eating behaviors was 34.8 (possible score: 15-45). Subjects showed problems in eating habits such as having unbalanced diets and snack foods. 82.6% of subjects had unbalanced meals, and these percentages were higher in girls (87.2%) than in boys (78.1%, p < 0.05). Vegetables and fish/shellfish were the most disliked foods. Specific eating behaviors, such as eating slowly, eating grains and having processed foods less frequently, were better in girls than in boys (p < 0.05). Results also showed that majority of subjects need to improve specific behaviors including having diverse foods, eating meals slowly, having meals at regular times, having adequate foods in each food groups, and eating sweets or salty foods less frequently. Only 52.7% of subjects perceived their body images as normal, and 56.4% had experience of weight control. Reasons for weight control were different by gender (p < 0.05). Based on these findings, nutrition education for school children should focus on modifying eating habits or eating behaviors, by suggesting practically applicable methods and providing nutrition information that is interesting and suitable to school-aged children.

• 대한지역사회영양학회지
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• 제8권2호
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• pp.181-191
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• 2003

The purpose of this study was to investigate the dietary habits, the nutritional knowledge and the consumption patterns of convenience foods of 618 university students located in the Gwangju area, from November twentieth to November thirtieth, 2002. The subjects included 301 males (48.7%) and 317 females (51.3%). This survey was conducted using a self-administered questionnaire. The percentage of students who were underweight, normal and overweight based on their body mass index (BMI) was 3.7, 88.0 and 8.3 far the males, and 29, 71 and 0 for the females, respectively. Most students (73.8%) skipped breakfast. This was because of lack of time (65.1%) of the cases. Self-reported eating habit problems were eating irregular meal (52.4%), overeating (21%), prejudiced meal (12.4%) and skipping meal (7.4%). The type of favorite snack was biscuit (31.9%) and cup Ramyon (31.9%). The rates of alcohol drinking in male and female students were 88.0% and 85.8% respectively, and the rates of smoking were 35.9% and 28% respectively. Males ate fiequently cup Ramyon (2.08 $\pm$ 2.95), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato) (1.91 $\pm$ 2.58), Ramyon (1.81 $\pm$ 3.00) and kimbab (1.70 $\pm$ 3.17) more frequently, while females ate kimbab (2.25 $\pm$ 3.26), cup Ramyon (1.89 $\pm$ 2.09), fries (pork cutlet, fried potato) (1.77 $\pm$ 2.67), Ramyon (1.46 $\pm$ 1.1.95) and fish paste (1.45 $\pm$ 2.22) more frequently. The nutritional knowledge score was higher in females than in males. The mean consumption patterns of convenience foods of students living in home were lower than that of students living in dormitory and boarding w/cooking. When the amount of pocket money available and the body mass index increased and the nutritional knowledge level was low, the mean consumption of convenience foods increased. The mean consumption of convenience foods correlated negatively with nutritional knowledge (p < 0.01). Therefore, nutritional education for university students is needed so as to improve their health and nutritional education program should be developed to meet the various needs of these students. (Korean J Community Nutrition 8(2) : 181~191, 2003)