• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.316-319
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• 2016

A 12-year-old thoroughbred mare with four days history of anorexia and high fever was submitted to the Equine Hospital. She failed to conceive in the following the breeding season in spring. In rectal palpation, mass could be palpable surrounding ovary. Because of the poor prognosis, full necropsy for mare was decided. The mass is located between right large and small colon, cranial to ovary using ultrasonography. Grossly, the mass was about $5{\times}3.5{\times}4cm$ in size, and the cut surface of mass showed brownish yellow in color with red-to orange granular areas Histopathologically, neoplastic cells were mixed with well differentiated spindle shape cells arranged in interlacing, interwoven pattern and poorly differentiated spindle cells. Neoplastic cells had abundant pink cytoplasm and bland and cigar-shaped nuclei with low mitotic figures. Many arteriole-like blood vessels with thick muscular wall were present throughout the mass. Masson's trichrome staining revealed muscle origin tumors in this case. Immunohistochemically, the neoplastic spindle cells showed positive reactions for smooth muscle actin and desmin. In our best knowledge, this is the first report of uterine angioleiomyoma in mare in Korea.

• Anatomy and Cell Biology
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• v.55 no.1
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• pp.79-91
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• 2022

In this study, the effect of oral ciprofloxacin on the structure of the thoracic aorta in rats was investigated. Twenty four male albino rats were divided into 4 groups (6 rats/group): group I (adult control), group II (adult rats treated with ciprofloxacin), group III (senile control), and group IV (senile rats treated with ciprofloxacin). Rats in groups II and IV received ciprofloxacin via oral gavage in a daily dose of 3.5 mg/kg/d for 14 days, while control rats received equivalent amount of distilled water used to dissolve the drug. After 2 weeks, all rats were sacrificed, thoracic aortae were dissected, and half of the specimens were processed for paraffin sections and examined by light microscopy. The other half of the specimens were prepared for scanning electron microscopy. Sections from rats treated with ciprofloxacin showed evident damaging effect on aortic wall particularly in (group IV). Aortic intima showed, focal desquamation of the lining epithelium. Tunica media exhibited loss of the normal concentric arrangement and degeneration of the smooth muscle cells. Immune staining for alpha smooth muscle actin showed muscle damage. Interestingly, some sections in (group IV) showed out-pouch (aneurysm like) of the aortic wall. There was dense collagen fibers deposition. Scanning electron microscopic observations of (group IV) revealed uneven intima, adherent blood cells and fibrin filaments to damaged intima, and out-pouch formation. It was concluded that oral ciprofloxacin caused deleterious structural changes in the thoracic aortic wall of rats explaining clinical observations of fluoroquinolones induced risk of aortic dissection and aneurysm.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.422-426
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• 1998

Progressive dysphagia in a 53 year old man was caused by a giant polypoid tumor in the lower intrathoracic esophagus. Radical transthoracic esophagectomy and esophagogastrostomy were carried out. Microscopic examination of the tumor revealed a true carcinosarcoma, composed of a mixture of basaloid squamous cell carcinoma and chondrosarcoma with multiple cartilagenous productions. Carcinoma metastases were found in the subcarinal and perigastric lymph nodes. Immunohistochemically, squamous area displayed strong positive to cytokeratin, and basaloid area showed positive immunoreaction to high molecular weight cytokeratin (34${\beta}$E12). Spindle cell sarcoma reacted to vimentin and smooth muscle actin. Chondrosarcomatous area reacted to vimentin and S-100 protein. He received postoperative chemotherpy and radiotherapy. He has been free of disease for 11 months.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.31 no.9
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• pp.907-910
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• 1998

Primary leiomyosarcoma is an extremely rare tumor. We exprienced a case of 46-year-old man with a mass located in the left upper lobe bronchus which was discovered on a chest CT. Cytology of the sputum and bronchoscopic biopses did not reveal any malignant cells. The patient underwent a left sleeve upper lobectomy. The tumor was growing from the left upper lobe bronchus and had partially destroyed the lung parenchyme. The pathologic feature of the tumor was composed of fascicular arrayed cellular spindle cells with blunt-ended nuclei revealed mild to moderate pleomorphism and frequent mitoses (15/10HPF). The immunohistochemical staining was revealed positive reaction for antibody to smooth muscle actin and desmin. We conclude that the tumor is leiomyosarcoma of the lung and then report with a review of the literatures.

• Oncology Letters
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.1075-1082
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• 2019

In a previous study, we reported that α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), one of the mesenchymal marker proteins, is highly expressed in tamoxifen-resistant breast cancer (TamR) cells. However, the exact mechanism of α-SMA expression in TamR cells is not fully understood. Here, we investigated the effect of TP53 on α-SMA expression in breast cancer cells. The levels of α-SMA mRNA and protein expression were analyzed by real-time PCR and western blotting, respectively. In estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] breast cancer patients, aberrant α-SMA expression was found to be associated with a poor prognosis. The level of α-SMA expression was significantly increased in established TamR cells compared to tamoxifen-sensitive (TamS) cells. To verify the regulatory mechanism of α-SMA expression, we analyzed diverse kinase activities between TamS and TamR cells. The activity of TP53 was markedly increased in the TamR cells. When TamS cells were treated with TP53 activator, Nutlin3 (Nut3), α-SMA expression was increased in the TamS cells. In addition, α-SMA expression was significantly increased by TP53 overexpression in breast cancer cells. On the contrary, the basal level of α-SMA expression was decreased by the TP53 inhibitor, pifithrin-α (PFT-α). Taken together, we demonstrated that α-SMA expression is regulated by TP53 activity in TamR cells.

• Animal cells and systems
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.237-244
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• 2010

Stress urinary incontinence (SUI) is a common condition that primarily affects women. Here, we investigate the effects of human adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) in a rodent model of SUI. Female Sprague-Dawley rats at 7 weeks of age were randomly divided into three groups (n=8 per group): sham-operation, SUI-induction by transabdominal urethrolysis, and SUI-induction followed by transplantation of human ADSCs into the urethra. The abdominal leak point pressure at 8 weeks after the operation was markedly decreased by transabdominal urethrolysis, confirming successful induction of SUI. Interestingly, transplantation of human ADSCs into the urethra significantly blunted the decrease of abdominal leak point pressure in SUI-induced rats. Accordingly, we observed expression of ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin in a significant proportion of transplanted ADSCs, indicating differentiation of ADSCs into smooth muscle cells in the urethra. Moreover, the SUI-induced elevations of c-Fos immunoreactivities in the pontine micturition center (PMC) and in the ventrolateral periaqueductal gray (vlPAG) were clearly suppressed by transplantation of human ADSCs. These results imply that human ADSCs can be an effective therapeutic modality to ameliorate the symptoms of SUI.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.484-487
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• 2002

Leiomyoma is a benign smooth muscle tumor that usually arise in the uterus, skin and gastrointestinal system. Only 2 percent are located in the head and neck. Leiomyomas of oral cavity are uncommon as only two cases have been reported in the Korean literature. The common location of oral cavity has been tongue, but other sites include buccal mucosa, lips, palate. mouth floor, and gingiva. Our patient was 30 years old female who complained of swelling and discomfort in the mouth floor. Microscopically this tumor showed bundles of intertwining spindle cells within fibrous connective tissue stroma. The nuclei were generally pale staining and blunt ended. Masson's trichrome stain was positive for muscle, and immunohistochemical study for ${\alpha}$-smooth muscle actin revealed strong positivity. It was treated by surgical excision. We experienced a case of leiomyoma of oral cavity, so we report with literature reviews

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.58 no.3
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• pp.267-276
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• 2005

Background : The transforming growth $factor-{\beta}1$ ($TGF-{\beta}1$) plays a key role in lung fibrosis. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced lung fibrosis are unclear. $TGF-{\beta}1$ is the key inducer of myofibroblast transdifferentiation via de novo synthesis of ${\alpha}-smooth$ muscle actin (${\alpha}-SMA$). Since $TGF-{\beta}1$ signals through reactive oxygen species (ROS) and ROS have been shown to induce accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM) in various tissues, this study examined if ROS play a role in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in human lung fibroblasts, MRC-5 cells. Methods : Growth arrested and synchronized MRC-5 cells were stimulated with $TGF-{\beta}1$ (0.2-10 ng/ml) in the presence or absence of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) or diphenyleneiodonium (DPI) for up to 96 hours. Dichlorofluorescein (DCF)-sensitive cellular ROS were measured by FACScan and secreted fibronectin and cellular ${\alpha}-SMA$ by Western blot analysis. Results : $TGF-{\beta}1$ increased the level of fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in MRC-5 cells in a dosedependent manner. Both NAC (20 and 30 mM) and DPI (1 and $5{\mu}M$) significantly inhibited $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin and ${\alpha}-SMA$ upregulation. The $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced cellular ROS level was also significantly reduced by NAC and DPI. Conclusions : The results suggest that NADPH oxidase-dependent ROS play an important role in $TGF-{\beta}1$-induced fibronectin secretion and ${\alpha}-SMA$ expression in MRC-5 cells, which leads to myofibroblast transdifferentiation and progressive lung fibrosis.

• Natural Product Sciences
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.71-78
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• 2020

The plant Dendropanax morbifera Léveille is effective folk medicines for the treatment of several conditions, such as infectious diseases, skin diseases, and other illnesses. Although the inhibitory effects of D. morbifera on the proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) have been shown in our previous study, its effects in vivo remain to be elucidated. In this study, we aimed to investigate the protective effects of the extracts from D. morbifera (EDM) on neointimal hyperplasia of rat carotid artery and explore the underlying mechanisms. We observed that the ratio of intima to media thickness (I/M) was significantly decreased in the EDM-treated groups by ~80% compared to that of the control. The expression of Ki-67 and proliferating cell nuclear antigen was decreased by ~70% in the EDM-treated groups compared to that of the control. In addition, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2 and MMP9 significantly reduced in the neointimal layer of the EDM-treated groups. Moreover, the decreased levels of contractile phenotypic markers of VSMCs, such as α-smooth muscle actin, myocardin, and smooth muscle-myosin heavy chain, were successfully restored by EDM treatment. Furthermore, the levels of synthetic phenotypic markers, cellular retinal binding protein 1 and connexin 43 were also restored to normal levels. These results suggest that EDM inhibits vascular neointimal hyperplasia induced by balloon injury in rats via phenotypic modulation of VSMCs. Therefore, EDM may be a potential drug candidate for the prevention of restenosis.

• Proceedings of the Korean Biophysical Society Conference
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• 2002.06b
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• pp.35-35
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• 2002

The large conductance $Ca^{2＋}$ -activated $K^{＋}$ channels ($BK_{Ca}$) in vascular smooth muscle have been considered to function as a negative feedback in pressure-induced vasoconstriction. In the present study, the function of cytoskeletons in the regulation of $BK_{Ca}$ and its stretch sensitivity was investigated. Using the inside-out patch clamp technique, we recorded single channel activities of $BK_{Ca}$ with 150 mM KCl in the bath solution (pCa=6.5).(omitted)itted)