• Title/Summary/Keyword: Smoke Spread

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Simulation Study of Smoke Control Accordance with Zoning in the Atrium Space of High-rise Buildings (초고층 건물 아트리움 공간에서의 제연구획에 따른 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Ryu, Hyungkyou;Bae, Sanghwan;Lee, Byungseok
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.26 no.7
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    • pp.335-342
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    • 2014
  • The big issue in fire and life safety protection in atriums is that hot smoke can spread vertically via the atrium openings, and impact atrium floors remote from the fire. Three different strategies to provide fire and life safety protection for atrium space were evaluated in this study, using the FDS model. Strategy A is the atrium protection approach addressed in the Korean Building Fire Protection Code, where atria are required to be enclosed with fire shutters from the $2^{nd}$ floor to the atrium top, and the ground floor is allowed to open to the atrium; in this case, no smoke control is required. Strategy B is the atrium protection approach, with smoke control provided in accordance with NFPA 92B; in this case, no atrium floor is enclosed. Strategy C is the atrium protection approach, in which some of the upper atrium floors are enclosed (the case of the top atrium floor being enclosed is evaluated in this study), and atrium smoke control is also provided to protect the lower atrium floors.

Study on the Analysis of Fire Propagation in Road Tunnels (도로터널의 화염전파해석에 관한 연구)

  • 권용일;유지오;이동호;권순석
    • Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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    • v.12 no.6
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    • pp.616-622
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    • 2000
  • This paper concerns the application of smoke and fire spread to road tunnel fire problems. When a road tunnel is on fire. a fire protection system of road tunnel have to offer an adequate escape space to human. Therefore, this study carried out a simulation for predicting a spreading path of smoke and fire. The evolution of the flow field is simulated with the low Reynolds number k-$\varepsilon$ turbulent model and SIMPLE algorithm based on the finite volume method.

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A Study on Heat and Smoke Exhaust Characteristics from the Subway Fire for Different Ventilation Modes (지하철 화재시 제연모드에 따른 열 및 연기 배출 특성 연구)

  • Chang, Hee-Chul;Yoon, Kyung-Beom;Park, Won-Hee;Kim, Tae-Kuk
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Hazard Mitigation
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    • v.8 no.3
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    • pp.37-42
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    • 2008
  • This study is focused on the numerical predictions for different smoke-control ventilation modes for the subway fire. Smoke-control ventilation mode in the domestic platform is that exhausting for the smoke detected zones while supplying air or stopping any ventilation for other zones in the platform. Three cases of smoke control ventilation modes are considered. First and second case are present running smoke control mode in Korea. The third is that smoke-control ventilation fans equipped in the platform are operated in first 4 minute(platform evacuation time, NFPA130) since then the fans equipped in the platform are stopped and the fans equipped in the tunnels are operated. Distributions of heat, carbon monoxide and visible range are compared at a height of 1.7m(passenger breath/sight height) above the platform. The numerical results show that air supply fan operation in the platform causes the smoke disturbance and a rapid spread of the smoke. The switch-operation with fans in both the platform and tunnel are better than operation with only platform fans in smoke rejection efficiency.

Simulation study of smoke spread prevention using air curtain system in rescue station platform of undersea tunnel (해저터널 구난역 플랫폼 화재연기확산 방지를 위한 에어커튼 시스템 차연성능 시뮬레이션 연구)

  • Park, Sang-Heon;An, Jung-Ju;Han, Sang-Ju;Yoo, Yong-Ho
    • Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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    • v.17 no.3
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    • pp.257-266
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    • 2015
  • This study introduce that we studied optimization and possibility of smoke spread prevention with air-curtain system in undersea tunnel named from Ho-Nam to Jeju line in domestic if a fire break out in train. To verify performance, air-curtain system is installed between rescue station platform and each door of passenger car to provide safety route to evacuator and we studied simulation model of various cases about 15 MW fire severity considering domestic specifications. As a result we verified the fact that CASE1(air jet with 15degree toward passenger car) and CASE 5 (air jet with 15degree toward passenger car and pressure air blast from cross passage) is best Smoke Spread Prevention and less inflow carbon monoxide. Through above results, we expect that air-curtain system is one of the facilities for fire safety and provide us safety platform route in undersea tunnel.

A Study on Smoke Movement in Room Fires with Various Pool Fire Location

  • Jeong, Jin-Yong;Ryou, Hong-Sun
    • Journal of Mechanical Science and Technology
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    • v.16 no.11
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    • pp.1485-1496
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the fire-induced smoke movement in a three-dimensional room with an open door, numerical and experimental study was performed. The center, wall, and corner fire plumes for various sized fires were studied experimentally in a rectangular pool fire using methanol as a fuel. The numerical results from a self-developed SMEP (Smoke Movement Estimating Program) field model were compared with experimental results obtained in this and from literature. Comparisons of SMEP and experimental results have shown reasonable agreement. As the fire strength became larger for the center fires, the air mass flow rate in the door, average hot layer temperature, flame angle and mean flame height were observed to increase but the doorway-neutral-planeheight and the steady-state time were observed to decrease. Also as the wall effect became larger in room fires, the hot layer temperature, mean flame height, doorway-neutral-planeheight and steady-state time were observed to increase. In the egress point of view considering the smoke filling time and the early spread of plume in the room space, the results of the center fire appeared to be more dangerous as compared with the wall and the corner fire. Thus it is necessary to consider the wall effect as an important factor in designing efficient fire protection systems.

A Numerical Study on Characteristics of Smoke Exhaust in Road Tunnel Fires for Different Ventilation System (터널 화재 시 환기 방식에 따른 배연 특성의 수치해석 연구)

  • Kim, Jong-Yoon;Yoo, Ji-Oh
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.201-207
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    • 2008
  • In this study, three Dimensional CFD simulations were carried out to investigate the effective smoke extraction system in bi-directional road tunnel fires using FLUENT. Characteristics of transverse system with big size extraction port or with uniform extraction port, semi-transverse system and longitudinal system for smoke extraction system were analyzed. Air velocity, port size, and operating method were used with variable. Distributions of smoke spread, CO was analyzed. As a result, the transverse ventilation system with big size port was found to be more effective than the uniform ports for bi-directional road tunnel.

A Study of Smoke Movement in an Enclosed Corridor. (밀폐된 복도 공간내의 연기 거동에 관한 연구)

  • 김성찬;유홍선;정진용;김충익
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.13 no.2
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    • pp.18-25
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    • 1999
  • There are a lot of works for predicting smoke movement in a building experimentally and m numerically. It is Vel${\gamma}$ important to predict a smoke movement in a corridor which is c connected to adjacent spaces. A numerical analysis of smoke movement in an enclosed c corridor is perlormed by a field model. The used field model is develo야d with 3-D u unstructured meshes, PISO Algorithm and buoyant plume model. In this study, tern야~ature a and flow field, some important p하ameters such as smoke spread time, hot layer temperature, c ceiling jet velocity were compared with experimental data which were perlormed in Korea I Ins디tute of Machinery and Materials. And average velocity of ceiling jet by this study is c compared with Hinkley's formula. This paper shows a flow characteristic around the soffit a and average velocity of ceiling jet is i따luenced by geometry of corridor, heat output, and d distance from the fire source.

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Numerical Analysis of Smoke Control for high-rise Building Considering with the Enthalpy Equation (Enthalpy Equation을 이용한 고층 건물의 제연해석)

  • Bae, Sung-Ryong;Ro, Kyoung-Chul;Ko, Gwon-Hyun;Ryou, Hong-Sun
    • Fire Science and Engineering
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    • v.24 no.4
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    • pp.27-32
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    • 2010
  • Recently, increases of population density due to the industrialization in the metropolitan cities has caused the high-density and integration of life environment. Then various high-rise buildings are constructed for accommodation. However, high-rise building fires can cause high casualties due to increases of smoke spread velocity through the vertical shaft. In this study, the new program based on the enthalpy conservation for analysis of energy transfer for smoke control system, CAU_ESCAP, was developed. CAU_ESCAP was validated by comparing with the result of ASCOS. The characteristic of smoke control was analysed by using CAU_ESCAP for high-rise building fires.

Smoke Modeling and Rendering Techniques using Procedural Functions (절차적 함수를 이용한 연기 모델링 및 렌더링 기법)

  • Park, Sang-Hyun
    • The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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    • v.17 no.5
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    • pp.905-912
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    • 2022
  • Virtual reality, one of the core technologies of the 4th industrial revolution, is entering a new phase with the spread of low-cost wearable devices represented by Oculus. In the case of disaster evacuation drills, where practical training is almost impossible due to the risk of accidents, virtual reality is becoming a new alternative that enables effective training. In this paper, we propose a smoke modeling method that can be applied to fire evacuation drills implemented with virtual reality technology. In the event of a fire, smoke spreads along the aisle, and the density of the smoke changes over time. The proposed method models the smoke by applying a procedural function that can reflect the density of smoke calculated through simulation to the model in real-time. Implementation results in the background of the factory show that the proposed method produces models that can express the smoke according to the user's movement.

A Study of Smoke Spread and Flow in a Long Corridor (복도에서의 연기 확산 및 유동에 관한 연구)

  • 김충익;유홍선;김명배;한용식;김진곤;윤명오;김상욱
    • Proceedings of the Korea Institute of Fire Science and Engineering Conference
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    • 1998.11a
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    • pp.29-39
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    • 1998
  • 복도는 사무실용 건물, 호텔 등 공중이용 건물에서 중요한 피난경로의 일부이다. 화재로 복도에 연기가 확산되면 그 온도, 연층의 높이, 유해물질의 농도 등에 따라 피난에 심각한 장애를 가져올 수 있다. 본 연구는 이러한 복도에서의 연기의 확산 및 유동에 관하여 연구하기 위하여 길이 40m의 복도에서 pool fire로부터의 연기 유동에 관한 실제크기의 실험과 수치해석을 수행하였다. 화재실과 그에 접해있는 긴 복도가 있는 실험장치에 직경 15, 20, 30cm의 가솔린 pool을 화재실 중앙에서 점화 시켰다. 연기의 온도 및 이동을 측정하기 위해 전장 중앙선을 따라 열전대를 설치하였고 연층의 두께를 측정하기 위하여 수직방향으로 세곳에 열전대가 부착된 수직봉을 설치하였다. 아르곤 레이저 sheet 과 비디오 카메라를 이용해 연기의 유동을 가시화 하였다.

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