• 한국실내디자인학회논문집
• /
• 제37호
• /
• pp.119-128
• /
• 2003

The goal of this study was to understand human behavior in reference to wayfinding during emergency situations. In an emergency situation, it is recommended that evacuees follow instructions about an available exit rather than finding their way on their own. Wayfinding studies suggest that landmarks affect entire route communication. Landmark analysis for this study Identified describability, e.g., name and simplicity of landmark features. A virtual reality (VR) simulation test was conducted to examine the effect of landmarks on wayfinding. The independent variables were landmarks, smoke. Results suggest that the describability of landmarks is a positive Influence to route communication. Findings from this study, however, Indicates that smoke condition did not significantly affect participants' wayfinding.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2019년도 추계 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.100-101
• /
• 2019

For buildings where a large number of the evacuees who are restricted to evacuation behavior compared to normal people, evacuation safety zones should be secured against fire. In order to form a safe haven safety zone, we are going to predict the performance of the building and describe the plan to secure a safe haven zone accordingly.

• 한국건축시공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국건축시공학회 2022년도 봄 학술논문 발표대회
• /
• pp.235-236
• /
• 2022

In the present study, the effect of horizontal vent position on fire phenomena in the enclosure with vertical and horizontal vents was examined using numerical simulation. Case 1 indicates the condition that the horizontal vent is in the center of the ceiling. Case 3 indicates the condition that the horizontal vent is far away from the vertical vent. Case 2 indicates the condition that the horizontal vent is installed between Case 1 and Case 3. The temperature distribution, smoke layer temperature, velocity distribution, and mass flow rate of horizontal vent flow were analyzed. In Case 2, the temperatures were lowest and the mass flow rate through the horizontal vent was largest. This is because the flame is inclined by the inflow through the vertical vent. Hence, to determine the proper horizontal vent location for the high smoke ventilation performance, the inflow through the vertical vent and its effect on flame behavior should be considered.

• 한국화재소방학회논문지
• /
• 제26권6호
• /
• pp.51-56
• /
• 2012

국제우주정거장에서 화재발생은 승선한 승무원들의 생명과 직접적으로 연관된 사안이므로 선실내부에서 언제든지 발생할 수도 있는 화재의 초기 감지 및 진화는 우주정거장의 운영에 있어서 중요한 기술 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 국제우주정거장에서 각종 실험과 연구를 진행하는 가압모듈을 대상으로 환기, 연기거동 및 감지에 관한 수치모델링을 수행하였다. 수치모델링은 NIST에서 개발된 FDS(Fire Dynamic Simulator)를 사용하였으며, 부력이 작용하지 않는 국제우주정거장 내부의 무중력환경에서 발생된 화재의 연기거동패턴은 지상에서의 현상들과 큰 차이가 있음을 확인할 수 있었다. 아울러 가압모듈에서 적용되고 있는 환기조건을 고려하여 수행된 연기거동 및 감지특성에 대한 수치 모델링 결과는 향후 무중력환경에 노출된 수 있는 우주선이나 대형우주구조물의 화재검출장비의 설계를 위한 기초적인 자료를 제공함은 물론 승선하게될 우주인이나 승무원들의 훈련자료로도 유용하게 쓰일 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Safety and Health at Work
• /
• 제7권4호
• /
• pp.293-298
• /
• 2016

Background: The aim of this study was to increase knowledge regarding the dangers associated with tobacco use, and decrease secondhand smoke exposure and tobacco use behaviors with an antitobacco messaging campaign among rural, medically underserved, blue-collar workers. Methods: A quasiexperimental study was conducted with employees at two worksites. One worksite received the intervention, which consisted of nine different antitobacco messages. Baseline and follow-up surveys were conducted at each worksite to assess change in knowledge and behavior; the data were compared across the two worksites. Results: Two hundred twenty-two and 243 participants completed baseline and follow-up surveys at the intervention and comparison sites, respectively. A statistically significant difference was seen over time between the worksites on knowledge of the dangers of tobacco (p < 0.0001); the mean knowledge score increased at the intervention site, but remained unchanged at the comparison site. In general, non-smokers at both worksites appeared to try to decrease exposure to secondhand smoke over the follow-up period. Repeated measures analysis indicated that there were no differences in motivation to quit (p = 0.81), interest in quitting (p = 0.40), thinking about quitting (p = 0.53), or several tobacco-use behaviors over time among smokers at the intervention and comparison worksites. There were slight increases over time in the proportion of smokers who do not allow smoking in their homes/vehicles at the intervention worksite, although not statistically significant. Conclusion: Participants at the intervention worksite increased their knowledge regarding the dangers of tobacco use and secondhand smoke exposure. Among current tobacco users, the intervention appeared to increase family rules regarding secondhand smoke exposure in their homes and vehicles.

• 설비공학논문집
• /
• 제20권1호
• /
• pp.1-10
• /
• 2008

A transient 3-D numerical simulation was performed to analyze the fire safety in a railway tunnel equipped with a mechanical ventilation system. The behavior of pollutants was studied for the emergency operation mode of ventilation system in case of fire in the center of the rescue station and near the escape route. Various schemes of escape route construction for connection angle($45^{\circ}$, $90^{\circ}$, 135^{\circ}$) and slope($10^{\circ}$) were evaluated for the ventilation efficiency in the fire near the escape route. From the results, it was shown that the mode of the ventilation fan operation which pressurizes the tunnel not under the fire and ventilates the smoke from the tunnel under the fire is most effective for the smoke control in the tunnel in case of the fire occurrence. It was also shown that the blowing of jet fan from the rescue tunnel to the main tunnel should be in the same direction as the flow direction in the main tunnel arising from the traffic and the buoyancy.

• International Journal of Clinical Preventive Dentistry
• /
• 제14권4호
• /
• pp.222-227
• /
• 2018

Objective: The university students of the four universities located in the Gyeongbuk province district were studied to confirm the correlation between smartphone addiction and oral health behavior. Methods: The target audience was a total of 587 people, and from April 18, 2017 until June 10, 2017, collected data using individual questionnaire methods and analyzed using the IBM SPSS WIN 24.0 program. Results: Smartphone addiction was high in health related major, and oral health behaviors were high in non health related major. And the first grade students who smoke and drinking showed a high correlation between smartphone addiction and oral health behavior. Conclusion: It is possible to confirm the correlation between smartphone addiction of university students and oral health behaviors, and the smartphone guideline and appropriate oral health education program are required.

• 의료법학
• /
• 제12권1호
• /
• pp.133-173
• /
• 2011

Since mid-1960s the reports from the Surgeon General, the World Health Organization, and other health experts state that there is no risk-free level exposure to smoking and secondhand smoke. Tobacco smoke is made up of more than 7,000 chemicals. Hundreds are toxic, and at least 70 are carcinogens. The chemicals in tobacco smoke reach smoker's lungs quickly every time smoker inhale causing damages immediately. Inhaling even the smallest amount of tobacco smoke can also damage smoker's DNA, which can lead to cancers. Smoking is responsible for more than 87% of lung cancers, but there are a host of other chronic diseases directly related to exposure to tobacco smoke. It's also a major cause of heart disease, stroke, aortic aneurysm, peripheral arterial disease and most of the other diseases. In the United States, each year with more than from 440,000 to 520,000 deaths caused by smoking and exposure to involuntary smoke. They conclude that smoking is the single most important source of preventable morbidity and mortality. The United States of America have about 60-year history of tobacco litigation. Tobacco litigation has been an important tool in tobacco control strategies aimed at limiting the activities of tobacco companies and providing redress to people who have become ill as a result of their use of tobacco products. Tobacco litigation is a kind of tort litigation. Quite often, as in the asbestos and other mass tort litigation episodes, tobacco litigation can play an educational role, warning the public about the magnitude of health risks that might otherwise be less clearly perceived. Tobacco litigation allows smokers, their families or other victims of smoking to sue tobacco companies in order to be compensated for the harm they have suffered. Potential benefits of tobacco litigation include compensation for smoking-related damages, strengthening regulatory activity, publicity, documents disclosure and changing tobacco industry behavior. And also tobacco litigation can limit the political activities of tobacco industry, protect human rights of smokers and non-smokers, increase burden to tobacco price-up and enhance the effects of law and politics in public health.

• Journal of the Korean Wood Science and Technology
• /
• 제36권1호
• /
• pp.45-53
• /
• 2008

건축 내장재 중 바닥재의 연소거동을 살펴보기 위해 열류량 $50kWm^{-2}$의 콘 칼로리미터를 이용하여 측정하였다. 7종의 국산 바닥재를 이용하여 각각의 연소 거동을 최대 열방출률과 전체 열방출량 그리고 평균 열방출률을 통해서 살펴보았다. 실험한 결과 중밀도섬유판(MDF) 바닥재가 다른 바닥재에 비해 높은 열 방출 특성을 나타났다. 또한 MDF 바닥재는 연소 시 질량의 감소가 다른 바닥재보다 더 큰 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 연소 시 발생하는 가스 발생량을 측정하였는데, PE계 섬유판(PE fiberboard flooring)과 PVC계 plastic resin sheet에서 높은 일산화탄소와 이산화탄소의 발생량을 확인할 수 있었다. 비광소멸면적을 통해서 가스 평균 방출량을 살펴보면 일산화탄소나 이산화탄소와 같은 경향을 나타났다. 바닥재의 가스유해성 평가는 쥐의 행동 정지시간을 기준으로 측정하였다. 측정 결과 MDF 바닥재에서 유해성이 높은 것으로 측정되었다.

• 한국터널지하공간학회 논문집
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.577-588
• /
• 2017

화재와 같은 상황에서 인간의 피난 행동을 실험하는 것은 경제적으로나 윤리적으로 많은 제약이 따른다. 때문에 인간의 피난행동은 기존에 보고 연구된 피난 행동을 바탕으로 시뮬레이션 되고 있으며 최근에는 컴퓨터 성능의 발전으로 현실에 가까운 모델들이 연구될 수 있는 기반이 마련되었다. 본 연구에서는 화재시 인간의 행동특성과 연기 전파를 모델링하여 지하철 승강장 내에서의 피난시간을 분석하였다. 또한 지하철 역사 승강장의 형태를 계단 위치에 따라 구분하여 각 승강장별 피난시간을 비교함으로써 피난효율을 검토하였다. 그 결과 상대식 승강장은 섬식 승강장에 비해 평균 36.82%의 피난시간이 더 소요되며, 승강장 내의 계단 위치에 따라서는 승강장 중앙에서 화재가 발생하는 경우 상대식 승강장이 210초, 섬식 승강장이 186초로 승강장 2/5지점과 4/5지점에 계단이 위치하는 형태가 피난 측면에서 가장 우수한 것으로 나타났다.