• Informatization Policy
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.82-98
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• 2018

Internet overdependence has become a public health concern in Korea. It is well known that family and community level efforts could alleviate possible harms from Internet use. However, little research exists regarding smartphone overdependence. This study examines factors affecting smartphone overdependence and, specifically, help-seeking for smartphone overdependence among Korean adolescents. The study is based on parental mediation theory and uses a help-seeking framework. The results indicate that preventative education provided by school and community increases the levels of awareness of both the possible harms from smartphone use and the option of accessing the mental health service, while it was not effective in preventing smartphone overdependence. Parental mediation was a protective factor for smartphone overdependence but was negatively associated with the intention to use the mental health service. In sum, behavioral problems related to smartphone use require multidimensional preventative efforts from both the family and the community. It is suggested that effective preventive education methods are developed for parents and adolescents.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.590-599
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• 2016

This study aims to examine the effect of adolescents' life stress and smartphone use on academic impairment and to investigate the impact of parents involvement on smatphone use. Online survey are performed among Korean adolescents from 13 to 18 years old. The results show that entertainment use of smartphone and high level of smartphone addiction are significant predictors of adolescent academic impairment. In addition, significant relationships were found between academic impairment and the dimensions of life stress, such as family conflict, academic, and pressure on the future. With respect to the impact of parent involement on academic impairment and smartphone use, time limit has the positive relationship with entertainment use of smartphone, while restriction on the specific smartphone application use has the negative relationship with information use of smartphone.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.22 no.10
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• pp.827-839
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• 2022

The severity of smartphone dependence among early adolescents, known as the most vulnerable group to smartphone addiction, is increasing. In this study, the factors affecting the smartphone dependence of early adolescents were analyzed by separating into elementary school and middle school students. For this purpose, the 1st data from Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey(2018) was used. The subjects of the study were 2,607 4th grade from elementary school and 2,590 1st grade from middle school. Factors that affect to smartphone dependence of both elementary and middle school students in common were gender, self-esteem, aggression, time spent with parents, and negative parenting attitude. On the other hand, region(city size), economic level, health status, school life satisfaction, and relationship with teachers were significant in the smartphone dependence of elementary school students, but not in middle school students. In middle school students, positive parenting attitudes were significant. Based on the results of the analysis, implications for policy establishment and social service provision were drawn to encourage the proper use of the by early youth.

• Journal of the Korean Society of School Health
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• v.28 no.3
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• pp.200-210
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• 2015

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the use of smart phones and their relationship with self-efficacy and academic achievement among students in 5th to 6th grade. Methods: 954 students in $5^{th}$ to $6^{th}$ grade were selected from three elementary schools in K City through purposive sampling. Data of 591 respondents were analyzed by $x^2$ test, ANOVA, correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis using the SPSS/WIN program. Results: First, 64% of the students possessed a smart phone and female students used their phone more than male students. 47.5% of the students said they first used a smartphone in their $5^{th}$ grade and 11.7% said in their 6th grade. Second, heavier use of smart phones was related to a lower level of self-efficacy (p<.001). Third, the more the students used a smart phone, the less they achieved in academic performance (Korean language: p<.001, mathematics: p<.01). Finally, the biggest factor influencing smart phone addiction was longer use of smart phones. In addition, lower self-efficacy and lower ability to adapt to difficult tasks were the factors influencing the increase in smart phone addiction. Less use of smart phones and higher self-efficacy resulted in higher achievement in academic performance. Conclusion: It is essential to decrease students' use of smart phones and improve their self-efficacy and academic performance. Intervention programs to reduce the use of smart phones should include a profound interest, a personality-oriented educational environment and sufficient dialogues with students at home, schools and the local society, beyond simple regulations to prevent adverse effects.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.44-50
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• 2020

Background: Smartphones are a modern necessity. While they are convenient to use, smartphones also have side effects such as addiction. This study assessed the relationship between smartphone use, a part of everyday life in modern society, and oral health. Methods: An analysis was conducted using 2017 Korea Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey data. The propensity score estimation algorithm used logistic regression and 1:1 matching algorithm using nearest-neighbor matching. After matching, a total of 15,032 participants were classified into two groups containing 7,516 teenagers each who did and did not use smartphones, respectively. Results: Comparison of oral health behaviors according to smartphone use revealed a statistically significant difference in the frequency of tooth brushing per day, use of oral hygiene products, intake of foods harmful to oral health, and experience of oral health education (p<0.05). The factors affecting oral pain experience of adolescents were examined. Compared to male participants, female participants had an odds ratio of 1.627 for oral pain (p<0.05). According to the household income level, compared to the group with higher income, the group with lower income showed higher oral pain experience (p<0.05). Oral pain experience was 1.601 times more frequent among teenagers using smartphones (p<0.05). Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that use of smartphones by adolescents affected their oral health. These findings indicate the need for improved oral health management through the use of effective school oral health programs and individual counseling by oral health professionals, promotion of information dissemination through public media, and development of prevention strategies.

• Journal of Korea Entertainment Industry Association
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.177-186
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• 2019

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influences of the smartphone overuse on health and academic impairment in adolescents. This study used data from Korea youth risk behavior web-based survey of 2017. This survey was conducted on 64,991 adolescents(middle and high school students), and 62,276 (95.8%) responded. The researchers used frequency analysis, independent t test, chi-square test and Pearson correlation analysis using SPSS 22. As a result, the usage rate of adolescents's smartphone was 54,603 out of 62,276, which was 87.7%. The purpose of smartphone usage was messenger(1st rank, 27.3%), SNS(2nd rank, 18.7%) and game(3rd rank, 13.3%). The average daily use time of the smartphone was 206.68±194.73 minutes. Girl students showed significantly more use time of smartphones than boy students(p<.001). Students with more than 206 minutes of smartphone use had worse health and academic performance than students with less than 206 minutes(p<.001). Time of smart phone usage and academic ability showed a weak correlation(p<.001, r=.245). The present findings showed that the higher the smartphone usage, the lower the health level and academic ability, and the author discussed these results.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.11 no.10
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• pp.557-569
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• 2013

This study was conducted to identify factors related to subjective happiness Index and by analyzing students, health behavior, smart phone addiction, suicidal Ideation, and in order to develop appropriate measure tp prevent suicide among university students. Methods: From November 19, 2012 until December 14, 2012, 300 college students from one of the iniversities located at K city were surveyed. Data were analyzed using with SPSS window 18.0. Results: The mean score for college students' subjective happiness Index was 4.58 on a scale of 7. There were significant differences on the Subjective happiness Index for the following areas: sex, parental survival & living and household monthly income. There was a negative correlation among the subjective happiness Index, smart phone addiction, suicidal Ideation. Conclusion: Results indicate that factors influencing Subjective happiness are smart phone addiction, suicidal ideation. We suggest that need to establish policies providing family support, smartphone addiction prevention program suicide prevention program to improve a level of happiness.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2017

The purpose of this study is to investigate the differences of the mobile phone overuse by gender and school levels. For this study, 565 middle and high school students in Gyeonggi province answered the self-report survey, 253 students were extracted as an overuse group, and the data were analyzed by one-way MANOVA. The results showed that 'daily disturbance' was a common major factor in gender and school level difference and 'school life disturbance', 'with draw' and 'tolerance' were added in school level difference. Based on the results, this study suggested users' characteristics such as gender and school level should be taken into prevention and treatment of mobile phone overuse.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.295-306
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• 2018

Purpose: Koreans' internet and smartphone usage hours are steadily increasing and the dependence of young people on smartphones is causing social problems. Therefore, this study was conducted to examine health and dietary habits, as well as hair mineral contents according to the level of dependence of smartphone use among adolescents to clarify the interrelation of smartphone dependence, lifestyle, dietary behavior, and mineral nutrition status. Methods: A total of 80 smartphone-addicted adolescents participated in this study and were divided into three groups (general, potential and danger group) according to smartphone dependence. The subjects' lifestyles and dietary behaviors were then surveyed, and hair mineral contents were analyzed. Results: Higher smartphone dependence was associated with lower average weekly sleeping time and later first smoking age. In the danger group, the rate of eating fast and the rate of snacking twice a day was also relatively high. Parents (45.0%) and mobile (30.0%) were the factors having the greatest influence on an individual's dietary behavior. In the hair mineral analysis, all subjects had lower selenium concentrations and higher lead concentrations than normal. In addition, the levels of aluminum in the danger group were higher than in the normal range and the highest among the three groups. Conclusions: It is necessary to guide adolescents to use smartphones correctly and manage dietary habits. In addition, careful attention is needed the mineral nutritional status of smartphone-addicted adolescents.

• The Journal of Korean society of community based occupational therapy
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.43-55
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• 2015

Objective : This study was a meta-analysis of previous studies to examine the integration of related factors depression University students of Korea, and to determine the relative importance among the relevant factors based on it. Methods : 2000-2014 papers posted on the National Science and Technology Information Center (NDSL), Nurimedia (DBpia), Academic Research Information Service (RISS), Korea Research Information(KISS), provide the text of the Library of Congress were collected using the service. The Key words a 'University Student', 'Depression', 'Depression Factors' was used. Used the Down & Black level, evidence-based checklist was developed by the research (1998) (checklist) had analyzed the selected document metadata to assess the quality. Results : 47-studies selected research groups are divided into five factors(self-esteem, suicidal ideation, positive thinking, stresses, Internet and smartphone addiction). Using meta-analysis, we analyzed the effect sizes, statistical heterogeneity and publication amenities. As a result, the self-esteem of the five factors were not found heterogeneity. Effect size is a self-esteem and suicidal ideation "large effect size", positive thinking and stress "medium effect size", internet and smart phone addiction"small effect size". Conclusion : Self-esteem and suicidal ideation are among the factors associated with depression in University students of Korea was found that the most relevant. It identified the factors associated with depression in college students, and could utilized as basis for the prevention of depression.