• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.56.4-57
• /
• 2015

We present the optical design and a sensitivity analysis for a wide field of view (FOV) instrument operating at UV and IR wavelengths. The ongoing investigation is performed in collaboration with Omnisys Instruments (Sweden) and focuses on a telluric-limb-viewing instrument that will fly in a low Earth orbit to study mesospheric wave structures over a wide range of horizontal scales in the altitude range 80 - 100 km. The instrument has six wavelength channels which consist of 4 channels of IR and 2 of UV. We are proposing an optical design based on three mirror aplanatic off-axis reflective system. The entrance pupil diameter and effective focal length are 45 mm and 270 mm, respectively. The FOV is $5.5^{\circ}{\times}1^{\circ}$ and the secondary mirror is set for stop. The optical specification is required to have an encircled energy of at least 80 % within a diameter of 21 um. We performed sensitivity analysis for the longest wavelength of 772 nm in consideration of the diffraction limit of system. The results show that tolerance limits for positions and angles of the mirrors are not very sensitive compared with typical error budgets of manufacturing and assembling process. The secondary mirror has the most sensitive tolerance for surface figure of 250 nm in root-mean-square.

• 천문학회보
• /
• 제40권2호
• /
• pp.56.2-56.2
• /
• 2015

본 연구에서는 미국 맥도날드 천문대 (Mcdonald Observatory)에 있는 82인치 Otto Struve 망원경의 가이드 망원경으로 사용하기 위해 2개의 반사경을 이용해 구경이 100 mm이고 유효초점거리가 800 mm인 비축 반사망원경을 설계하였다. 비축 반사경은 일반적인 축 대칭인 반사경보다 가공이 매우 어렵기 때문에 형상 정밀도의 요구량을 알 수 있다면 비축 반사경을 가공하는 과정에서 시간과 비용을 절약할 수 있다. 광학계가 수차가 잘 보정된 회절한계의 성능이기 때문에 엔서클드 에너지 직경(Encircled Energy Diameter) 분석을 통해 민감도 분석을 하였다. 광학설계 소프트웨어인 CodeV를 사용하여 80 % 에너지가 $20{\mu}m$ 내에 들도록 공차한계로 설정하였으며, 기준 파장은 $587.56{\mu}m$이다. 또한 부경과 초점 면 사이의 거리를 보상자로 설정하여 공차가 광학계의 성능에 미치는 영향을 최소화하였다. 민감도 분석은 반사경의 위치, 회전, 그리고 반사경의 형상 정밀도에 대해 수행하였다. 분석 결과, 반사경의 위치와 각도는 일반적인 제작 및 조립 공차보다 매우 작은 것을 확인하였다. 그리고 형상정밀도는 주경이 부경보다 민감하였으며 자승 제곱 평균제곱근 (root-mean-square) 32 nm로 가장 민감한 결과가 나왔다.

• 상하수도학회지
• /
• 제28권4호
• /
• pp.377-389
• /
• 2014

In recent years, Smart Water Grid (SWG) concept has globally emerged over the last decade and also gained significant recognition in South Korea. Especially, there has been growing interest in water demand forecast and this has led to various studies regarding energy saving and improvement of water supply reliability. In this regard, this study aims to develop a nonlinear ensemble model for hourly water demand forecasting which allow us to estimate uncertainties across different model classes. The concepts was demonstrated through application to observed from water plant (A) in the South Korea. Various statistics (e.g. the efficiency coefficient, the correlation coefficient, the root mean square error, and a maximum error rate) were evaluated to investigate model efficiency. The ensemble based model with an cross-validate prediction procedure showed better predictability for water demand forecasting at different temporal resolutions. In particular, the performance of the ensemble model on hourly water demand data showed promising results against other individual prediction schemes.

• 한국전산구조공학회:학술대회논문집
• /
• 한국전산구조공학회 2006년도 정기 학술대회 논문집
• /
• pp.451-458
• /
• 2006

The goal of many researchers in the field of structural engineering is to reduce both damage to building structures and discomfort of their inhabitants during strong motion seismic events. The present paper reports on analytical work conducted with this aim in mind as a prior research of experimental study. A four-story, 6.4 m tall, laboratory model of a building is employed as a example structure. The laboratory structure has graphite epoxy columns and each floor is equipped with a chevron brace that serves to resist inter-story drift with the installation of a magnetorheological (MR) damper. An artificial excitation has been generated with a robust range of seismic characteristics. A series of numerical simulations demonstrates that an optimized fuzzy controller is capable of robust performance for a variety of seismic base motions. Optimization of the fuzzy controller is achieved using multi-objective genetic algorithm(MOGA), i.e. NSGA-II. Multiple objective functions are used in order to reduce both peak and root-means-squared displacement and accelerations at the floor levels of the building.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제19권4호
• /
• pp.361-369
• /
• 2017

Electromechanical impedance method as an efficient tool in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) utilizes the electromechanical impedance of piezoelectric materials which is directly related to the mechanical impedance of the host structure and will be affected by damages. In this paper, electromechanical impedance of piezoelectric patches attached to simply support rectangular plate is determined theoretically and experimentally in order to detect damage. A pairs of piezoelectric wafer active sensor (PWAS) patches are used on top and bottom of an aluminum plate to generate pure bending. The analytical model and experiments are carried out both for undamaged and damaged plates. To validate theoretical models, the electromechanical impedances of PWAS for undamaged and damaged plate using theoretical models are compared with those obtained experimentally. Both theoretical and experimental results demonstrate that by crack generation and intensifying this crack, natural frequency of structure decreases. Finally, in order to evaluate damage severity, damage metrics such as Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), Mean Absolute Percentage Deviation (MAPD), and Correlation Coefficient Deviation (CCD) are used based on experimental results. The results show that generation of crack and crack depth increasing can be detectable by CCD.

• Steel and Composite Structures
• /
• 제23권1호
• /
• pp.67-85
• /
• 2017

This study investigates numerically the behavior of tilted angle shear connectors embedded in solid concrete slabs. Two different tilted angle connectors were used, titled angle with 112.5 and 135 degrees between the angle leg and steel beam flange. A nonlinear finite element model was developed to simulate and validate the experimental push-out tests. Parametric studies were performed to investigate the variations in concrete strength and connector's dimensions. The results indicate that the ultimate strength of a tilted angle shear connector is directly related to the square root of the concrete compressive strength. The effects of variations in the geometry of tilted angle connectors on the shear capacity are discussed in details. Based on the numerical analyses, two equations are proposed to estimate the ultimate capacity of tilted angle shear connectors of 112.5 and 135 degrees in the defined range of parameters.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제1권4호
• /
• pp.339-353
• /
• 2005

This paper presents the results of a feasibility study on an impedance-based damage detection technique using thickness modes of piezoelectric (PZT) patches for steel structures. It is newly proposed to analyze the changes of the impedances of the thickness modes (frequency range > 1 MHz) at the PZT based on its resonant frequency shifts rather than those of the lateral modes (frequency range > 20 kHz) at the PZT based on its root mean square (RMS) deviations, since the former gives more significant variations in the resonant frequency shifts of the signals for identifying localities of small damages under the same measurement condition. In this paper, firstly, a numerical analysis was performed to understand the basics of the NDE technique using the impedance using an idealized 1-D electro-mechanical model consisting of a steel plate and a PZT patch. Then, experimental studies were carried out on two kinds of structural members of steel. Comparisons have been made between the results of crack detections using the thickness and lateral modes of the PZT patches.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제6권7호
• /
• pp.851-866
• /
• 2010

This paper presents a new concept of using PZT (lead zircornate titanate) transducers as a non-destructive testing (NDT) tool for evaluating quality of concrete. Detection of defects in concrete is very important in order to check the integrity of concrete structures. The electro-mechanical impedance (EMI) response of PZT transducers bonded onto a concrete specimen can be used for evaluating local condition of the specimen. Measurements are carried out by electrically exciting the bonded PZT transducers at high frequency range and taking response measurements of the transducers. In this study, the compression test results showed that concrete specimens without sufficient compaction are likely to fall below the desired strength. In addition, the strength of concrete was greatly reduced as the voids in concrete were increased. It was found that the root mean square deviation (RMSD) values yielded between the EMI signatures for concrete specimens in dry and saturated states showed good agreement with the specimens' compressive strength and permeable voids. A quality metric was introduced for predicting the quality of concrete based on the dry-saturated state of concrete specimens. The simplicity of the method and the current development towards low cost and portable impedance measuring system, offer an advantage over other NDE methods for evaluating concrete quality.

• Smart Structures and Systems
• /
• 제24권4호
• /
• pp.459-474
• /
• 2019

This study develops a novel recursive algorithm to significantly enhance the computation efficiency of a recently proposed stochastic subspace identification (SSI) methodology based on an alternative stabilization diagram. Exemplified by the measurements taken from the two investigated office buildings, it is first demonstrated that merely one sixth of computation time and one fifth of computer memory are required with the new recursive algorithm. Such a progress would enable the realization of on-line and almost real-time monitoring for these two steel framed structures. This recursive SSI algorithm is further applied to analyze 20 months of monitoring data and comprehensively assess the environmental effects. It is certified that the root-mean-square (RMS) response can be utilized as an excellent index to represent most of the environmental effects and its variation strongly correlates with that of the modal frequency. More detailed examination by comparing the monthly correlation coefficient discloses that larger variations in modal frequency induced by greater RMS responses would typically lead to a higher correlation.

• 한국가시화정보학회지
• /
• 제19권1호
• /
• pp.62-67
• /
• 2021

Selective catalytic reduction(SCR) is an exhaust gas reduction device to remove nitro oxides (NOx). SCR operation of ship can be controlled through valves for minimizing economic loss from SCR. Valve in SCR-high pressure (HP) system is directly connected to engine exhaust and operates in high temperature and high pressure. Long-term thermal deformation induced by engine heat weakens the sealing of the valve, which can lead to unexpected failures during ship sailing. In order to prevent the unexpected failures due to long-term valve thermal deformation, a failure prediction system using autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) was proposed. Based on the heating experiment, virtual data mimicking temperature range around the SCR-HP valve were produced. By detecting abnormal temperature rise and fall based on the short-term ARIMA prediction, an algorithm determines whether present temperature data is required for failure prediction. The signal processed by the data collection algorithm was interpolated for the failure prediction. By comparing mean average error (MAE) and root mean square error (RMSE), ARIMA model and suitable prediction instant were determined.