• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2003

The parking problem is caused by the parking demand. The ratio of parking demand at multi-family housing sites has been increased significantly, therefore several parking problems have occurred. The goal of this study is to investigate the parking demand per housing size of public-sized apartments, and to prepare that with the architectural regulations about parking supply. According to the results of this study, the parking demand of the small size housing unit(exclusive size：60 $m^2$ below) shows 1.09 car per the unit. and that of the medium size housing unit(exclusive size：60 $m^2$ over 85 $m^2$ below) shows 1.34 car per the unit. The parking demand of the small size housing unit was exceeded 56% more than the legal supply limit, and the parking demand of the medium size housing unit was exceeded 34% more. It is means that the level of architectural regulation about parking supply was not enough than the parking demand. So, it needs recon-sideration about the architectural regulations of parking supply.

• Journal of Auto-vehicle Safety Association
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• v.7 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2015

In order to protect occupant during car crash accident, Regulation and NCAP(New Car assessment Program) have been developed among various countries like U.S.A., Europe, Korea and Australia. Especially NCAP scores affect to sales of vehicles. So vehicle makers are trying to get good score in NCAP. Low leg injuries play an important role in Australia and Euro NCAP and these injuries are related with footrest design. Optimization of footrest design in early stage of vehicle development is necessary to obtain better and robust results of low legs during crash tests. In this paper, DFSS method and finite element model were used to optimize the low leg performance in small RHD vehicles. Compared with the lower leg injury of base model, the lower leg injury of proposed model was slightly improved and robustness was enhanced also.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Manufacturing Technology Engineers
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.214-220
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• 2012

About 12 million people of the mobility handicapped were increased by the end of 2009 year. Universal design concept has been implemented in developed countries. Since 2004 low-floor buses are in Korea. In this study, there is no provision for mobility handicapped and small buses that can be comfortable riding car ramp design presented. The gate of a small buses lowered height of 200mm. Install the ramp in the center of the ramp by an air cylinder moves from side to side. The slope of the ramp was controlled by a hinge. Air cylinder thin type applicable in the narrow space of the slide cylinder was used.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Marine Environment & Safety
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• v.23 no.5
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• pp.532-540
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• 2017

This paper suggests study of basic structure design and structural analysis for the twin car-ferries. The rules and methodology for the strength analysis of medium and small sized high speed vessels with a length of more than 50m and a length/width ratio of more than 12, such as car-ferries, have not been clarified yet. Therefore, in this paper, the members scantling were carried out using the KR Rule, and the car-ferry exclusive vessel standard were further applied to verify the structural strength the design. The scantling of the members is based on the Korea Classification standards, and the car-ferries standards were additionally applied to verify the structural strength of the design. Especially, the ultimate strength of hull girder was additionally carried out by using car-ferry exclusive vessel standard, and proposed to overcome ambiguity of design by existing standard. The results of this study are expected to be useful as basic data related to structural design and structural analysis of high speed twin-hull car-ferries. The present car-ferry design has a sufficient safety margin in strength point of view according to the KR rule.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Technology of Plasticity Conference
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• 2008.05a
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• pp.205-208
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• 2008

Generally, there are several types in rear suspension. The rear suspension of subframe type consisting of side member and front/rear cross member is widely used in a medium car and full car. In the small car case, the beam of tubular type without independent suspension system is used to reduce manufacturing cost. The optimized rear suspension of subframe type using hydroforming method has been developed in this study. In designing suspension, the driving stability and durability performance should be considered as an important factor. The stability is related to dynamic frequency and durability is connected with stress analysis of structure. We focus on increasing the stiffness of suspension and decreasing the maximum stress relating to durability cycle life. For making use of the merits of hydroforming which is possible to make the bead, tube expansion, and feeding in desiring position, several optimization design techniques such as shape, size, and topology optimization are proposed. This optimization scheme based on the sensitivity can provide distinguished performance improvement in using hydroforming. Through commercial software based on the finite element, the superiority of this design method is demonstrated.

• Journal of the Ergonomics Society of Korea
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.1-11
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• 1998

Focuses of this study are to investigate the usage status of head-restraint system(H/R) in usual driving and to simulate usage conditions of H/R at rear-end crashes. The usage of H/R was categorized into five classes according to the height and distance from occupant's head ; Large-$90^{\circ}$ H/R for enough height and short distance. Large-$70^{\circ}$ H/R for enough height and long distance. Small-$90^{\circ}$ H/R for low height and short distance. Small-$70^{\circ}$ H/R for low height and long distance. and No H/R. Then. these five conditions were tested to find out the degree of neck injuries by using a car-crash simulation package, DYNAMAN. Results from the investigation of H/R usage show that most of drivers(60%) have Small-$70^{\circ}$ H/R for low height and long distance. Results from the simulation performed at 15mph and 30mph show that: 1) at 15 mph, there is a possibility for neck injury in Small-$90^{\circ}$ H/R and Small-$70^{\circ}$ H/R. 2) at 30 mph. there is a high possibility of death in Small-$70^{\circ}$ H/R and Small-$90^{\circ}$ H/R.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.425-431
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• 2002

In this study the characteristics of E-EGR valve developed by electrical method were analysed and the feasibility of application to vehicles was evaluated. The engine of smart car applied for diesel passenger car of small-displacement size developed by common vehicle was used for this experiment. It was installed a 3-cylinder, $0.8\ell$, turbo-charged light duty diesel engine with an electronic EGR valve. After the analysis and comparison of E-EGR valve performance by test bench, the estimation of vehicle application was executed through the EGR map and CVS-75 test result measured on the chassis dynamometer.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers A
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• v.24 no.2 s.173
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• pp.347-354
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• 2000

This paper presents performance characteristics of a semi-active suspension featuring continuously variable ER (electro-rheological) dampers. These are evaluated through the field test of a passeng er car. Four ER dampers (two for front and two for rear part) are manufactured and their field-dependent damping properties are experimentally investigated. The damping force responses to step input fields are also identified by employing small size of high voltage amplifiers which are made adaptable to the field test. A skyhook controller considering the vertical, pitch and roll motions is formulated and incorporated with a car to be tested. The field test is then undertaken in order to evaluate both comfortability and steering stability showing bump, dive and squat responses.

• Journal of Energy Engineering
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.203-209
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• 2002

In this study the characteristics of E-EGR valve developed by Unick were analyzed and the feasibility of application to vehicles were evaluated. Smart car (3$\ell$/100 km) and engine which is small-displacement size, 0.8-liter, of diesel passenger car developed from Mercedes-Benz were used for this experiment. It was installed a 3-cylinder turbo-charged light duty diesel engine with an electronic EGR valve. After the analysis and comparison of E-EGR valve performance under test benches, the estimation of vehicle application was executed through the EGR map and CVS-75 test result measured on the chassis dynamometer.

• Journal of Sensor Science and Technology
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.137-141
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• 2018

Detecting the ego-lane of a vehicle (the lane on which the vehicle is currently running) is one of the basic techniques for a smart car. Vision sensing is a widely-used method for the ego-lane detection. Existing studies usually find road lane lines by detecting edge pixels in the image from a vehicle camera, and then connecting the edge pixels using Hough Transform. However, this approach takes rather long processing time, and too many straight lines are often detected resulting in false detections in various road conditions. In this paper, we find the lane lines by scanning only a limited number of horizontal lines within a small image region of interest. The horizontal image line scan replaces the edge detection process of existing methods. Automatic thresholding and spatiotemporal filtering procedures are also proposed in order to make our method reliable. In the experiments using real road images of different conditions, the proposed method resulted in high success rate.