• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제24권3호
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• pp.129-137
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• 2021

Dietary protein requirements of abalone (Haliotis discus) depending on abalone size were determined and compared. One thousand and fifty small abalone (initial weight of 2.7 g) and five hundred forty large one (initial weight of 16.0 g) were distributed into 15 and 18 containers in Trial 1 and 2, respectively. Five and six experimental diets containing crude protein level from 20% to 40% and 20% to 45% with 5% increment of protein level for the small and large abalone were prepared and referred to as the CP20, CP25, CP30, CP35, CP40, and CP45 diets, respectively. The experimental diets were fed to abalone for 16 weeks in Trials 1 and 2. Specific growth rate (SGR) of the small abalone fed the CP20 diet was lower compared to that of abalone fed all other diets in Trial 1. Growth performance (weight gain and SGR) of the large abalone fed the CP30, CP35, and CP40 diets were greater than that of abalone fed the CP20, CP25, and CP45 diets in Trial 2. Dietary protein requirements were estimated to be 33.0% and 33.5% for the small and large abalone based on the 2^nd order polynomial analysis, respectively. Dietary protein requirements for the small abalone grown from 2.7 g to 7.4 g and the large one grown from 16 g to 21 g were estimated to be 33.0% and 33.5%, respectively. Size differences in abalone did not affect dietary protein requirement under this experimental conditions.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• 제27권5호
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• pp.329-335
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• 2024

Haliotis arabiensis Owen, Regter & Van Laethem, 2016 was found near Muscat city of Oman in the Sea of Oman in September 2021. A total of 85 abalone specimens were collected under small boulders from a depth of 2-5 m during the scuba diving survey from seven stations located from Sidab to Bandar Khairan. The shell length (SL) of the abalone ranged between 10.0 and 30.0 mm, on average 19.9 ± 0.22 mm SL. The sex was determined in 15 females and 21 males. The study presents photos and a comparative table with morphological descriptions of four abalone species (H. arabiensis, H. mariae, H. rugosa multiperforata and H. unilateralis) which are important for differentiating the small abalone species from juveniles of H. mariae during monitoring surveys of this important commercial species in Oman.

• Ocean and Polar Research
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.327-341
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• 2014

This study aims to analyze causality among Wando abalone producer prices by size using a vector autoregressive model to expiscate the leading-price of Wando abalone in various price classes by size per kg. This study, using an analytical approach, applies a unit-root test for stability of data, a Granger causality test to learn about interaction among price classes by size for Wando abalone, and a vector autoregressive model to estimate the statistical impact among t-1 variables used in the model. As a result of our leading-price analysis of Wando abalone producer prices by shell size using a VAR model, first, DF, PP, and KPSS tests showed that the Wando abalone monthly price change rate by size differentiated by logarithm were stable. Second, the Granger causality relationship analysis showed that the price change rate for big size abalone weakly led the price change rate for the small and medium sizes of abalone. Third, the vector autoregressive model showed that three price change rates of t-1 period variables statistically, significantly impacted price change rates of own size and other sizes in t period. Fourth, the impulse response analysis indicated that the impulse responses of structural shocks for price change rate for big size abalone was relatively more powerful in its own size and in other sizes than shocks emanating from other sizes. Fifth, the variance decomposition analysis indicated that the price change rate for big size abalone was relatively more influential than the price change rates for medium and small size abalone.

• Journal of Advanced Marine Engineering and Technology
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• 제31권8호
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• pp.1005-1012
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• 2007

This study describes the optimum structure and deployment of an abalone reef for marine ranching creation in Jeonnam archipelago of Korea. The structure of an abalone reef was analyzed based upon the functions of both feeding and shelter. Deployments of abalone reefs were considered based upon the stability against waves in water depth shallower than 5 m. Also, the calculation of their stabilities was made to only rocks of abalone modules, and exposure coefficient of rocks used was 1.0 and 0.5. The results show that rocks of both 0.2 and 0.5 ton are unstable under the condition that exposure coefficient is 1.0 at a depth of 5 m, but that they are stable under the condition that exposure coefficient is 0.5. It means that, if the structures(e.g. breakwater blocks) for dissipating the energy of waves and currents are provided, small rocks of 0.2 ton can be used as an abalone reef.

• 수산해양교육연구
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• 제22권3호
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• pp.362-373
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• 2010

We reviewed previous studies on well-performing aquaculture facilities, rearing environment, breeding management and feed supply to find the optimal conditions of the abalone aquaculture in marine cage. The size of marine cage varied depending on local area where the abalone farms are located. The small size cage ($2.4{\times}2.4{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Wando, Jindo and Hanam area where much of the provincial's abalone production is conducted and the middle size cage ($2.4{\times}4.8{\times}2.5$ m) was used in Huksando area. Big size group, above 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of October to the middle of November and small size group, below 2 cm in shell length, was produced from the end of March to the beginning of April next year in case of juvenile abalone of land production. The initial stocking density was 517-1,653 individuals/culture square meter($m^2$) in case of the big size group. The optimal rearing density was 326 and 263 individuals/culture square meter ($m^2$) after 1 year and 2 year's rearing, respectively. It is shown that relationship between individual shell length (x) and rearing density (y) is estimated to be $y=2,803.1x^{-1.4641}$ ($r^2=0.9687$). In addition, The obvious relationship was indicated between number of cage (x) and sea weed production facilities (y) as y=1.1542x+10.832 ($r^2=0.918$) in Wando, because sea mustard (Undaria pinnatifida) or japanese tangle (Laminaria japonica) was supplied as a feed for abalone culture. The general pattern of relationship between shell length (x) and shell weight (y) of cultured abalone is estimated to be $y=0.1443x^{2.9461}$ ($r^2=0.9997$).

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.435-442
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• 1995

전복은 연안 양식장의 가장 중요한 자원의 하나이며 인기 있는 양식 종류이다. 전복을 공동어장에 방류하기 전에 전복치패를 중간육성할 적당한 중간육성장이 필요하다. 그러나 전복치패가 패각이 20-30mm 정도로 기를 중간육성장을 찾기가 쉽지 않다. 따라서 넓은 해역을 전복 치패 중간육성장으로 이용하는 보다 실용적이고 효과적인 양식시설의 연구가 필요하다. 우리는 이러한 종류의 예를 일본의 "Marine aya No. 1"에서 찾을 수 있다. 그들의 연구가 조작용이, 안전 작업 그리고 저렴한 운용비에 초점을 맞추었다고 하더라도, 초기 제작비가 커서 우리가 기대하기는 힘든 수준이다. 그렇지만, Marine aya No. 1의 수직부를 간단한 부이 시스템으로 대치한다면, 수평 후레임만으로 잠수가능한 최소한의 기능을 가질 수 있을 것이다. 펌프를 장착한 간단한 작업선으로 이 시설을 부상 또는 침하시킬 수 있을 것이다. 본 논문은 개방 해역에서 전복 치패의 중간육성을 위한 잠수가능한 양식시설의 개발 가능성을 다루었다. 낮은 초기 제작비를 위해 소형의 부침식 전복치패 중간육성시설과 개량된 앵커를 제안하였고 파력과 조류력, 그리고 계류 앵커의 중량을 계산에 의해 추정하였다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제11권2호
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• pp.91-95
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• 1978

세가지의 동결방법(air blast, semi air blast, still air freezing)으로 전복을 동결하여 $-20^{\circ}C$ 냉장고에서 3개월간 저장하고 동경방법의 처리에 따른 조직적인 변화를 생전복과 비교하여 다음과 같은 결과를 얻었다. 1. 생 전복의 조직구조는 소라의 그것과 비슷하였다. 2. 동결에 의한 근세포의 파괴는 없었다. 3. 동결방법의 차에서 오는 조직변화의 차이는 거의 없으며, 미세 빙결정이 많이 생겼다. 4. 동결에 의한 근조직 피해는 일반 어류보다 적었다.

• 한국수산과학회지
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• 제51권6호
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• pp.640-646
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• 2018

To determine whether there are differences in the food component characteristics of the cultured recessive small-sized abalone Haliotis discus hannai (SA; 30-40 each/kg) and middle-sized abalone (MA; 10-15 each/kg), the proximate compositions, fatty acid and total amino acid compositions of these two species were evaluated. Additionally, extraction methods were performed on the SA to asses the quality characteristics of the resulting. In terms of proximate composition, MA had lower moisture and carbohydrate levels and higher crude protein contents than SA. The total amino acid contents of MA and SA were 15,734.4 and 11,379.1 mg/100 g, respectively, the major amino acids were glutamic acid, aspartic acid, serine, glycine, alanine, leucine, arginine and lysine, and the major fatty acids were 16:0, 18:0, 18:1n-9, 18:1n-7, 20:4n-6, 20:5n-3, and 22:5n-3. The pH levels and total nitrogen and amino nitrogen contents of the hot-water extract (WE) and scrap enzyme hydrolysate (SE) samples from the SA were 6.32 and 6.05, 1.36% and 1.52%, and 342.1 and 403.1 mg/100 g, respectively. The extraction yields and free amino acid contents from SA were 1,317 and 440 mL/kg, and 8,721.1 and 9,070.7 mg/100 g, respectively, and the concentrations of major components were as follows: arginine, glycine, glutamic acid, alanine and lysine. Additionally, the complex extract (WE+SE) was superior to the traditional extract (WE) in terms of extraction yield, amino-nitrogen content, and organoleptic qualities but not odor.

• 한국환경과학회지
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• 제15권7호
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• pp.689-694
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• 2006

To examine inshore radioactive contamination caused by nuclear power plants, nuclear testing, hospital and laboratory, both gross ${\beta}$-radioactivity and ${\upsilon}$-spectrometry were measured. The measurements were taken with the Abalone and Top shell, which had been collected from the four different sites at the coast in Jeju-do (Seongsan, Deajeong, Wimi, Dodu). The activity ranges of concentration were respectively 0.11-0.29 Bq/kg-wet for $^{90}Sr$, 0.01-0.04 Bq/kg-wet for $^{137}Cs$, 36 - 53 Bq/kg-wet for $^{40}K$ in shellfish on the Jeju island. The radioactivities of $^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{40}K$ were similar to those in sampling location of shellfish in the coastal on the Jeju island. The radioactivity of $^{90}Sr$ for the Abalone was lower level than that for Top shell. The radio- activity of $^{137}Cs$ for the Abalone was similar to that for the Top shell. But the radioactivity of $^{40}K$ for the Abalone was higher level than that for the Top shell. As a result, the gross ${\beta}$-radioactivity observed was similar to that in nature. Among radionuclides, only $^{90}Sr$, $^{137}Cs$ and $^{40}K$ were detected in a very small amount, and each was also close to the natural levels.

• 환경생물
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• 제31권4호
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• pp.458-470
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• 2013

Haliotis discus, a useful abalone of herbivorous gastropod, shows feeding preference to marine algae depending upon their growth stage and recognition of taste. This study was carried out to investigate this abalone's algal preferences and the presence of feeding stimulants. In single-choice experiments the small (S) group generally preferred Ulva pertusa (Chlorophyta), whereas the medium (M) and large (L) group preferred both Laminaria japonica (Phaeophyta) and Undaria pinnatifida (Phaeophyta). In multi-choice experiments using 4 algal species of L. japonica, U. pertusa, U. pinnatifida and Ecklonia cava (Phaeophyta), the results were same as in the single-choice experiments; the S group preferred U. pertusa the most, while the M and L group preferred both U. pinnatifida and L. japonica. However E. cava was not preferred by any groups. In order to examine the presence of feeding stimulant, chemical compounds from algae used as feed were isolated and identified. The abalone responded to water soluble matters of L. japonica, U. pinnatifida and U. pertusa, but those of E. cava and Sargassum sagamianum (Phaeophyta) were not attractive to them. In feeding stimulant experiments using fat soluble matters, the S group preferred the fat soluble matter of U. pertusa the most, while the M group and the L group preferred those of U. pertusa and U. pinnatifida, and those of L. japonica, respectively. However the fat soluble matter of S. sagamianum was not attractive to the abalone. The results of feeding stimulant experiments were same as those of single-choice or multi-choice experiments, which showed that compound lipids in fat soluble matter might act as feeding-stimulant.