• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.665-672
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• 2012

In this paper, we find out about the effort and status of GwangJu metropolitan city to reinvigorate traditional market. And we propose the micro payment model based on Android NFC and tokenization technique to support the small trader's micro payment in aspect of information technology more than the physical infrastructure and environmental improvement projects to reinvigorate the traditional market. The micropayment model supports facilities of payment using smart phone based on NFC, and the encryption and tokenization support the indirection authentication and privacy of users.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.628-646
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• 2010

The subject of this research is the small-scale trade between South Korea and China (this trade is a so-called shuttle trade.) This research attempts to find the background to the emergence of the Sino-South Korean (cross-border) small-scale trade and the role of travel routes between the two countries. This research also aims to identify the development process of the bilateral small-scale trade by studying the scale of the small-scale trade and the organization of small-scale traders. Moreover, this research tries to discover the spatial characteristics of the interregional small-scale trade by reviewing the characteristics of traded goods; process of export and import and nodes of small-scale trade. To accomplish aforementioned purposes, the author discussed the relations between small-scale traders and maritime companies. The author also studied the internal change in the small-scale trade by focusing on the reinforcement of the regulation against the small-scale trade. Lastly, the author cited the case of the Soviet Union and middle-eastern Europe, which tremendously expanded the small-scale trades in the 1980s, in order to explain the growth of the Sino-South Korean small-scale trade.

• The Korean Journal of Franchise Management
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.79-102
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• 2012

The last year, the government restricted a new store open and businness hours of a large-scale stores, discount store and super super market(ssm). So, this research was examined the effect that the retailer was affected and its correspondence strategy First this research examined how the government restricted a large-scale stores in 2009 earlier and then this research analyzed how the Japan and France restricted it. Second this research examined that a new establishment and business hours change of a large-scale stores. Bacause of a small trader resistance in 2009 latter. Finally it analyzed the effect that a retail industry was affected in the future. bacause law was enforced. On the basis these things, a victim remedy was presented by retailers view. Bacause of international law and an excess regulation. Also, this research suggest that large retailer should expand a overse market and increase retailers private brand component ratio and develop overse brand. Finally this research also suggest that trader and retailer should continue to coperate and turn business direction into franchise system.

• Smart Media Journal
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.23-33
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• 2013

In this paper, we find out about the effort and status of GwangJu metropolitan city to reinvigorate traditional market. And we propose the micro payment model based on Android NFC and tokenization technique to support the small trader's micro payment in aspect of information technology more than the physical infrastructure and environmental improvement projects to reinvigorate the traditional market. The micropayment model supports facilities of payment using smart phone based on NFC, and the encryption and tokenization support the indirection authentication and privacy of users.

• Journal of the Korean Home Economics Association
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• v.40 no.8
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• pp.37-48
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• 2002

The purpose of this study was to survey Navajo's textiles of the transitional period(1868-1890) and to examine appearance background of those textiles. The two study questions were central to the project. 1) What were characteristics of eye-dazzler and pictorial in the transitional period? 2) How developed was the American trader's role? To perform the purpose, literatures on this subject were surveyed, investigation of textiles in Arizona State Museum and Historical Museum of Arizona were accomplished. The results of this study were as follows: 1. Eye-dazzler is called because of their small, serrate triangle and diamond patterns in intense, contrasting colors. Eye-dazzler mostly used Germantown yam and wedge-weave technique. Germantown was a plied yam colored with synthetic dyes. Wedge-weave technique used optical illusions and an undulating technique to create an effect of motion and rhythmic symmetry. 2. The Americans began to intern Navajos at Bosque Redondo, New Mexico in 1863. During their stay at Bosque Redondo, the Navajo came into greater contact with Rio Grande blankets. The influence of designs of these becomes increasingly important in the eye-dazzler. 3. Pictorial materials included rich new sources the railroad provided and living environment of animals, plants, hogans, neighbors, deities that interested the Navajo. Also, sandpainting textiles were a pictorial. Three types of textiles utilized: yei, yeibichai, and sandpainting tapestry. 4. The arrival of the railroad caused many changes for the lives and textiles of the Navajos. The railroad brought a new client into the Navajo, and the Navajos attempted new textiles with design-inspiring fresh materials to adjust taste of the eastern purchasers.

• Ocean Systems Engineering
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.225-245
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• 2022

More and more shipping containers are falling into the sea due to bad weather. Containers lost at sea negatively affect the shipping line, the trader and the consumer, and the environment. The question of locating and recovering dropped containers is a challenging engineering problem. Model-testing of small-scaled container models is proposed as an efficient way to investigate their falling trajectories to salvage them. In this study, we first build a standard 20-ft container model in SOLIDWORKS. Then, a three-dimensional (3D) geometric model in the STL (Standard Tessellation Language) format is exported to a Stratasys F170 Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) printer. In total, six models were made of acrylonitrile styrene acrylate (ASA) and printed for the purpose of testing. They represent three different loading conditions with different densities and center of gravity (COG). Two samples for each condition were tested. The physical models were dropped into the towing tank of University of New Orleans (UNO). From the experimental tests, it is found that the impact of the initial position after sinking can cause a certain initial rolling velocity, which may have a great impact on the lateral displacement, and subsequently affect the final landing position. This series of model tests not only provide experimental data for the study of the trajectory of box-shape objects but also provide a valuable reference for maritime salvage operations and for the pipeline layout design.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.47 no.5
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• pp.289-304
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• 2022

Korea's LNG and crude oil are the most important energy and export raw materials, but 100% import resources by overseas. However, tanker shipping companies, which play the most crucial role in energy cargo security, are very small in number and size, which can be a factor in the supply chain crisis. Therefore, this paper studied the policy of expanding tanker transportation necessary for the transport of crude oil and LNG in Korea. In the existing literature, there was no policy study necessary for tanker ships, but referring only to the importance of overseas energy development and transportation, so we tried to derive various demands necessary for expanding the tanker fleet through expert interviews and AHP which was conducted on 89 related energy institutions to derive policies and their priorities. The results of the study are as follows. As for the policy, the financial support policy was the highest priority, followed by the business and the mutual cooperation policy of related agencies. Tax support (22.6%) and ship financing (19.4%) were the highest priorities, followed by the Energy Intermediate Promotion Act (11.9%), Tanker Guarantee Insurance (10.6%), Energy Budget Independence (9.3%), and Korea Trader Development (8.2%). Energy governance (6.3%), information center establishment (6.2%), and energy procurement committee (5.5%) ranked seventh, eighth, and ninth. The research results show that it is necessary to supply sufficient ships to the market through the expansion of ship finance for tankers and to follow business support policies such as guarantee insurance. In addition, it was also possible to derive that the financial resources need to be determined by law and independent budgets for consistency and continuity.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.95-104
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• 2015

Purpose - This is a comparative study of the market development and characteristics of Ulsan in South Korea, Fukuoka in Japan, and Yanji in China, which are major East Sea Rim cities with adjacent areas of similar natural characteristics of the sea and the country. Particularly, it considers these aspects while focusing on the evolution of networks that appear in the distribution system and at the same time examining the institutions of market activation and regulations that are handled by the central and the local government and the changing logistics due to the development of transportation and the concern of food safety, using a meso-analysis approach. Research design, data, and methodology - The study used a historical and comparative approach with a focus on case studies. It made use of various materials such as local newspaper articles, reports, literature, interviews with experts, discussions with local merchants, discussions with customers, and so forth. Results - In the case of Fukuoka, from the 1960s, due to the entry of supermarkets, supermarkets expanded and they have now come to a dominant market position in the current market. They offer a convenient and comfortable environment while providing a large mall offering a variety of educational and cultural activities for customers to meet the customers' needs, such as the preferences of Korean tourists, who appear to prefer Japanese foods. The Fukuoka City Central Wholesale Market has been exporting fruits and vegetables as well as seafood products to Korea, China, and so forth. In the case of Ulsan, as in the early 2000s, due to the expansion of supermarkets, the traditional markets have been shrinking and further, the modernization of traditional markets was conducted under the auspices of the Small Business Administration. In addition to the large discount malls, the expansion of SSM is expected to further drive the small trader bay. Shopping malls, department stores, and traditional markets contend with each other in Yanji, China, but a large number of citizens appear to prefer traditional markets and imported milk in the supermarket after the melamine scandal in China. Recently, the WanYuan (萬源) wholesale market has been partially completed and made an attempt to become a logistics hub in Northeast Asia. Conclusions - For the development of Korea's retail industry, it is important to offer the government with proposals regarding desired regulation. On the other hand, in order to enable the business of traditional markets, it requires an association for cultural tourism. At present, it would be better to provide a venture fund for the youth rather than infrastructure support. This study emphasizes the importance of institutions and policy to develop networks in the East Sea Rim. Future studies should conduct a survey on customers, managers, and merchants more carefully and systematically to understand the market situation while considering the size of the city and its evolution of markets, as well as policies and institutions.

• Korean Business Review
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• v.14
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• pp.1-30
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• 2001

To prevent the VAT evasion and to form a sound VAT paying culture, we can draw the policy directions for government as follows: First, it is necessary to strengthen the tax supervision of small business and the administration of tax sources of cash-income industry. Second, the tax-deductible rate of the received tax invoices should be increased in a short-term base, and a simplified taxation system should be abolished in a long-term base. Third, in cases a trader has not received a tax invoice, an additional tax should be applied. Forth, to issue the tax invoice faster and conveniently, it is requested to introduce a new system which issues electronic card of registration when a businessman applies for his/her business registration. Fifth, to make tax standard transparent, it is desirable to punish the violator, relating to credit card regulations, stricter than present and to enforce the electronic bookkeeping. Sixth, for the reduction of noncompliance rate and creating a climate for autonomous, faithful tax return, it is necessary to expand and intensify tax investigation. And also it is necessary to make the level of penalty tax higher up and the level of criminal punishment less down, to keep up tax audit coverage. Seventh, a trader who is eligible for simplified taxation, whose tax base is under 12,000 thousand won, should not be required to pay the value added tax. But it is desirable to cut down them for the fairness of tax burden. Eighth, the effective date of the revised tax law should be fixed. Ninth, it is necessary to reinforce publicity and to educate on tax system and administration, for reducing tax evasion or tax avoidance and encouraging faithful tax return. Tenth, as the tendency of VAT evasion of distribution industry turns out to be the highest, it is requested not only to intensify tax administration on them but also to establish system and incentives, for introducing information system in distribution industry(introducing POS system, computerization of transaction record, establishing EDI between traders).

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.9 no.4
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• pp.93-102
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• 2011

With the increasing interest in boosting conventional markets, many authors have paid considerable attention to the roles of shop owners, store image improvement, and how to attract or maintain customers. Nevertheless, it is not easy to find papers related to the relationship between shop owners and their contribution to trading areas, directly or indirectly, in the academic world. Accordingly, research for answering the following question has been initiated: what kind of roles do shopkeepers should play in revitalizing poor conventional markets? Based on the previous studies focusing on enhancing traditional markets, this research was approached from the new insights that have been obtained concerning how to boost conventional markets, that is, from the perspectives of a shop owner and a trader. Therefore, this research aims at identifying some resolutions associated with the roles of shop owners to enhance a shopping district in a specific area, classifying their business roles into a few categories, depending on the degree of their participation in improving the shopping environment. Compared with previous studies focusing on emphasizing the importance of improving customer services from a shopkeeper's perspective, this research provides a new insight as far as how to boost conventional markets. It is, furthermore, necessary to note how market participants, particularly shop owners as they are the key players, can contribute to rebuilding their business area together with their customers. As a research technique for effectively achieving the research goal, the authors adopted a documentation methodology based on a large amount of the existing literature for studying how to rebuild traditional markets. Concerned about the ways to revitalize conventional markets, many authors have proposed a variety of strategies, and have suggested more detailed action plans from a practitioner's perspective. By analyzing these research results, the authors will have accomplished the research aim. Rather than simply identifying the roles of shop owners, the author found that they had to understand their social contribution for enhancing their trading areas, as well as their functional roles, in forming a regional society. The conventional market should be, thus, regarded as the place to share regional culture. Consequently, the authors draw some conclusions from the research results. In order to answer the above question, it was found that the roles of shop owners have been considered as one of the most important ways for revitalizing traditional markets. With respect to their roles, it is evident that their business activities are closely related to the improvement of the trading area in terms of sociality, regional development, and market revitalization, by selling products or services to the customers visiting that area. In a word, this implies that shop owners have to actively take part in boosting conventional markets as a core player. Although the authors have properly achieved the research aim, this study has a limitation, like most other research, in adopting a documentation method. Because the research is based on existing data results provided by the prior research conducted a long time ago, whether the research findings are applicable in a contemporary market should be re-examined in future research from a practitioner's perspective, rather than from an academic's perspective.