• Journal of The Korea Institute of Healthcare Architecture
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.57-66
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• 2014

Purpose: Healthy and balanced meal is very important for the elderly to maintain the quality of life in community. Senior meal delivery system and congregate meal services have been played an important role to prevent premature institutionalization of the elderly. Food delivery system and lunch service spaces for the Korean elderly were mostly focused and limited on low-income family. The purpose of this study is to analyze community food services environments for the elderly in the UK, the U.S. and Japan for the possibility of applying those service spaces to Korean community. Methods: Lunch service spaces of these three countries were investigated by literature research and visiting of venues. Pilot study of the elderly meal services in Seoul was done for comparing environments and future research. Results: Lunch service spaces in three countries were mostly community based for accessibility and the types of management were various for the elderly to choose the most suitable services for them. The group dining spaces are usually small and designed to give de-institutional atmosphere. Implications: Food service environments for the elderly in Korea should develop more community based model of food delivery and congregate meal service spaces as well as more de-institutionalized design of those spaces.

• Journal of Korea Ship Safrty Technology Authority
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• s.21
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• pp.15-30
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• 2006

A study developing the dry powder fire extinguishing system inside the simulated machinery spaces of small boats was performed. Fire tests were conducted inside the compartments having volumes 2.9, 4.5, 8㎥ respectively. The openings and fans were estavlished on the walls of the compartments. Diesel oil was used for the test ruel, In addition fire extinguishing nozzles using dry powder were installed downward at ceiling and horizontally at the wall or conner. All fires in the test were extinguished under system activation and there was no reignition.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Marine Engineers Conference
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• 2006.06a
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• pp.127-128
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• 2006

A study developing the dry powder fire extinguishing system inside the simulated machinery spaces of small boats was performed. Fire tests were conducted inside the compartments having volumes 2.9, 4.5, $8m^3$ respectively. The openings and fans were established on the walls of the compartments. Diesel oil was used for the test fuel, In addition fire extinguishing nozzles using dry powder were installed downward at ceiling and horizontally at the wall or conner. All fires in the test were extinguished under system activation and there was no reignition.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.14 no.6
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• pp.205-214
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of the floor plan of single detached houses in Canada. A quantitative & qualitative analysis method of th 260 house plan was used in this study. The followings were found out from this analysis : 1) There were the differences of the lay-out and the number of public spaces between a small type and a big type. 2) There were the differences of the equipment and the number of bathroom between a small type and a big type. 3) The most work center type of kitchen was 'ㄴ+ㅁ' type(33%). 4) The most type of floor plan was that one with attached garage(87%) and center entry(99%). 5) Almost floor plans having 3 or 4 bed rooms even though medium II and large size plans which is to show that the basic needs of family life rely on the omnifarious public spaces.

• Communications of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.247-254
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• 1993

• Journal of the Korean Mathematical Society
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• v.30 no.2
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• pp.457-464
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• 1993

• The Journal of the Convergence on Culture Technology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2015

The history of modernization of Korea is divided into two folds of the colonial era in the 20's and the economic development era in the 60's. Most of the spaces built in the process of modernization were public spaces developed by the drive of the government. These spaces of modernization are functionality-oriented public places of production and at the same time, and they are the spaces of national power to symbolize the identity of national authorities. Along with changes in the society, modern spaces were reduced down to monument buildings without functionality and this requires new definition to renew the identity of modern spaces. Small stations, power plants, mines, warehouses, abandoned factories, and etc... the study has paid attention to the process of changing thought, one of the main characteristics of modernization, the relations of modern concepts projected in the spaces, framework of modern society, and placeness in the process of framework building and relations of people in the spaces with video records on the process of rebuilding new identity of modern spaces and memories of the spaces. The relations of modern spaces and memory were explored in < Seoul Station > while the relations between modern spaces and records and place identity were explored in < Onyang Folk Museum > and < Okpo Shipyard > respectively. In the relations between space identity and memory in each space, the ironic relations of power in modern spaces (placeness) and personal narrative (memories) were explored with oral narrative and video footage.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Educational Facilities
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.43-54
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• 2016

The purpose of this study was to survey teachers' perception of classroom space utilization through analyzing the physical environment of elementary school classrooms (56 classrooms in 10 schools). Most of the teachers arranged desks in the two person parallel type (sectional layout : standard type) for their classes. Although the number was small, some classrooms used the T type, H type, U type, group type, and the teachers of such cases used these layouts for children's play activities or group learning. Some teachers changed the desk layout depending on the contents of learning or for different atmosphere of class, but about 40% of the teachers used the same classroom layout without any change during a semester. When the teachers' perception of classroom space utilization was examined according to the type and change of desk layout, the quantity and characteristics of posts, the position of posting spaces, and the size of activity spaces in the classroom, most of the teachers tended to be conventional without any characteristic, and only 16% of them were relatively active in utilizing classroom spaces. In addition, teachers of a relatively small class were more active in utilizing classroom spaces. In particular, perception was very low to utilize the classroom as a space for children's life or play activities or various types of learning. These findings suggest that it is necessary to improve teachers' perception of classroom space utilization in the future.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• Journal of Families and Better Life
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• v.24 no.2 s.80
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• pp.137-148
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• 2006

The current study proposesto examine the external appearance types of urban-style hanok in the Bukchon Hanok Preservation District according to their use. For this purpose, we conducted a field survey from the 12th of September to 10th of October 2005, which investigated the location, condition md use of urban-style hanok that were being used for non-residential purposes. The external elevation of the houses were observed and photographed. The results are as follows. First, there were 158 urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes and200 cases of non-residential use. There were 69 cases of food and beverage spaces, 58 cases of small retail businesses, 38 cases of cultural facilities and 7 cases of convenience facilities. Second, among residential urban-style hanok used for non-residential purposes, 131 cases changed the external appearance of existing urban-style hanok and only 69 cases maintained the original appearance of urban-style hanok or renovated the appearance fittingly to non-residential use. Among the renovated cases, 59 involved the construction of a firewall and 10 cases involved remodeling in a contemporary style. Among the transformed cases, 40 cases exhibited a full opening to the roadside, n involved the change of external appearance components, 14 involved the extension of the courtyard and 12 involved overall improvements to a contemporary style. Third, in the case of cultural facilities and offices, many instances reproduced an urban-style hanok in the traditional style, but small retail shops and food/beverage spaces showed serious deformation. Particularly small retail shops opened the side to the road or extended the courtyard regardless of the location of the houses in order to increase the store space and, as a result, severely damaged the urban-style hanok. In addition, many food/beverage spaces remodeled their external components using tiles, bricks or metals, which were easy to maintain.