• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.27 no.6
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• pp.313-320
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• 2015

In this paper, a method to obtain the probability distribution of room temperature and cooling load is presented, when the internal heat generation is applied to the system as a disturbance in the air conditioning system with slab cooling storage. The probability distribution of room temperature and the cooling load due to the disturbance were examined in one room of an office building. When considering only the electric power consumption as a probability component, it was found that the effect on room temperature and cooling load is small, because the probability component of the measured electric power consumption in the building is small. On the other hand, when considering the stochastic fluctuations of electric power consumption together with the heat generated by human bodies, the mean value of the cooling load was about 2,300 W and the ratio of the standard deviations was 19% (10 o'clock in second day). It was revealed that the stochastic effects of internal heat generation acting on the air conditioning system with slab cooling storage are not small.

• Journal of Korea Society of Industrial Information Systems
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.103-115
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• 2014

Mobile-Office is the IT office that enables people handle their business anywhere and anytime without going to head office. It has propagated rapidly in domestic and foreign companies as the users who use mobile terminal such as smartphone have increased sharply. Mobile-Office is emerging as a new way of conducting business. It requires business environment to be changed to improve business efficiency, as fast-growing mobile-based economies emerges. Small and medium-sized companies's utilization ability for advanced IT technology is insufficient, and limitations exist on capacity of building and investment. They need different development methodologies and utilization methods. The purpose of this study is not only to consider the previous business environment problem on accessibility, mobility, effectiveness, complexity and consolidation, but to search more efficient methods for introducing applications to utilize various smart devices and websites with minimum investment in R&D.

• Journal of Korean Society for Quality Management
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• v.46 no.1
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• pp.11-26
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• 2018

Purpose: This study is to help the construction of smart factories of other manufacturing enterprises through IDIS 's case of smart factory construction. Methods: We introduce the four phases of implementing smart factory building by IDIS company, which produces a small quantity of multi-odd units. Results: Through the smart factory construction, the cost of product is reduced due to the improvement of total productivity such as office work, production work, and energy saving, and sales are enhanced by customized production, quality / delivery reliability improvement. Conclusion: We present the actual examples needed to build the manufacturer's smart factory.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.6
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• pp.11-21
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• 2012

In the normal office building, the energy consumption to maintain the reasonable intensity of illumination for the work by using the artificial illumination occupies 30% or greater of the whole building electric energy consumption. If the dependability of the artificial illumination is dropt by positively using the natural lighting from the outside, the large amount of electrical energy can be saved, in addition the more nice visual environment for work can be created. Daylight is lighting source that most closely match visual response of the human, because sunlight and skylight achieve the harmony. For this reason, the daylight of small amount than amount of the artificial lighting source also can give the same effect in work activities of human. In addition, if there is daylight at the window of the building, the energy can be saved by controlling the artificial lighting. In this paper, in the building using the photovoltaic power generation analyze the correlation between the amount of energy generated by photovoltaic and indoor illumination and this was proved through the simulation with Relux 2010. In addition, the amount of daylight inflow in the room and distribution was drawn by the equation and the ratio for the sectional dimming control of each lighting equipment was predicted and the energy saving amount according to this was calculated. As a result, the indoor illumination was satisfied with recommended illumination value of the office and consumption power could be reduced approximately with 20~70%.

• KIEAE Journal
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.21-26
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• 2013

Due to the increasing concerns about the buildings which have affected the global environment, most countries have enacted a regulation for the sustainability of domestic buildings. In 2008, the Korean government started to enact a regulation of apartment and office buildings for energy saving. Many research on the sustainable apartment building focuses on $84m^2$ or larger type in response to market demand; therefore, small size type such as $46m^2$ type needs to be researched. In addition, the research on the orientation and window to wall ratio of the building have been separately studied as a means of energy reduction; therefore, the research on correlation of the orientation and window to wall ratio hasn't been fully explored yet. This paper analyzes the energy demand of the apartment building as the change of orientation and window to wall ratio among $46m^2$ and $84m^2$ type. In conclusion, when reducing the window to wall ratio, energy demand was reduced, except when the orientation of the building was between from +10 to -20 from the south.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.17 no.3
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• pp.258-267
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• 2003

The purpose of this study is to present improvement devices of urban center's green function in the Public Open Space Attached Building(P.O.S.) in Incheon, Korea. Study sites were the P.O.S. of office building(10 place), transportation facility building(3 places), government office building(2 places) that were made up 1994∼2002 and analyzed establishment, using and planting status. And P.O.S.'s planting area structure of Osaka and Kawasaki in Japan that is operating P.O.S. system similar to Korea was compared with study sites of Incheon. P.O.S. of Incheon is not managing as valuable urban center's green and establishing to satisfy legal requirement. The strengthening devices of P.O.S. function are as follows. First, it is desirable that planting area rate of P.O.S. in order to develop small park in urban center is increasing by 40% that is children's park level. Second, it must be conferred about planting basis, tree selection and planting method etc. of P.O.S. with green and park development department at building authorization. Third, by the 'landscape planting standard of plottage' that is becoming planting standard of P.O.S is heightened and must increase quality and amount of green. Fourth, it is required mandatory establishing of sign so that citizens can search easily and utilize of P.O.S. Fifth, legal regulation should be decided to prevent that P.O.S. is used unlike purpose originally.

• Journal of the Korean Solar Energy Society
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.50-58
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• 2012

The objective of this study is to evaluate the lighting dimming rates with various parameters of the building skin in a small office. We compared to simulated workplane illuminance and measured workplane illuminance for the base model. After that, the five veriables(the presence of vertical wall in double skin facade, the presence of windowsill, window to wall ratio(WWR), window visible transmittance, the width of double skin facade) were applied to base model, and we analyzed the simulated lighting energy saving rates. The results are listed as below. The simulated workplane illuminance results are similar to the measurement. Simulated illuminance was smaller than measured illuminance by 16.5%(60 lx). In accordance with applicable building skin parameters, lighting energy saving rate results are summarized as follows. Lighting energy saving rate of case1(windowsill height 0.7m) is higher than that of base case(windowsill and vertical wall) by 7.3% and the lighting energy saving rate of case2(no vertical wall) is higher than that of base case by 7.6% and the lighting energy saving rate of case3(no windowsill and vertical wall) is higher than that of base case by 12.4%. The lighting energy saving rate is increased by 2.3%, when window visible transmittance is increased from 70% to 86%. The lighting energy saving rate is increased by 4.6%, when we changed the WWR 70% to 90%. lighting energy savings rate is increased by 6.5%, when the width of double skin facade is reduced from 1m to 0.3m.

• Journal of architectural history
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.81-92
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• 2021

It is generally believed that Seonjeong-jeon and Heejeong-dang respectively served as Pyeonjeon of Chang-deok Palace in the earlier and the later period of Joseon dynasty. However, such belief is based on the concept of Pyeonjeon that emerged after the time of King Soonjo's reign(1800~1834). The concept and functions of Pyeonjeon varied among times ranging from Koryo to late Joseon dynasty. In the earlier Koryo dynasty, the word Pyeonjeon signified both "Pyeonjeon in relation to Jeong-jeon" or "Pyeonjeon as a casual office for the king". The ambiguity of the word was resolved when Bopyung-cheong and Jogye-cheong were established in the earlier Joseon dynasty. These buildings in Chang-deok Palace (and only Bopyung-cheong in Gyeong-bok Palace) held rituals related to events in Jeong-jeon, as well as their exclusive political rituals. Thus, the meaning of the term "Pyeon-jeon" became restricted to its second meaning, namely a casual building for the king's everyday office work and small banquets. However, the ambiguity reemerged from around the time of King Seong-jong's reign(1469~1494). In this period, Pyeonjeon as in relation to Jeong-jeon was often referred to as "Jeong-jeon", or "Beop-jeon" from the mid-16th century. In the 19th century, Pyeonjeon as king's casual office took over the characteristics and functions of Beop-jeon. Thus, the popular notion of "Pyeon-jeon" was newly established and passed onto nowadays.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.65-73
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• 2011

The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics of area and spatial elements according to the building size and provide the guidelines for space planning of the child care center. This study used the content analysis method and analysis was made on the floor plans for 51 cases and the floor plans were converted to Autocad drawings to analyze the area. The results of this study were as follows; 1) Child care centers over 70% were single-attached building types which made it possible for creating outdoor environments for children. However, most small-size centers which had under 50 children did not have the facilities for outdoor activities. 2) In terms of spatial elements, the basic spaces of the small-size center were the classroom, bathroom, kitchen, office and reference room. The medium or large size centers had extra rooms for special activities and service spaces in addition to the basic spaces. 3) Classroom area per child was 2.65 m2 on average. Space composition ratio on average for care, staff, and service was programmed by 57%, 9%, 34% respectively. Small-size center had relatively more care space when compared to the others. In the case of large-size centers, there was a tendency that service space was increased, but care space was decreased.

• Journal of Distribution Science
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• v.22 no.9
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• pp.73-84
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• 2024

Purpose: This study aims to comprehensively analyze what small business owners experience in relation to stressors, consequences, coping methods, and situational factors. Research design, data and methodology: In this study, qualitative research methodology was used to conduct in-depth interviews with 15 small business owners who started franchise convenience stores, and classify stressors and consequences, coping methods, and situational factors based on the transactional theory of stress. Results: The results of this study are as follows. First, stressors were classified into challenge stressor and hindrance stressor. Second, stress coping methods were classified into problem-focused and emotion-focused coping methods. Among them, SBOs mainly used problem-focused coping methods. Third, consequences were classified into physiological, emotional, and behavioral tension. Lastly, the moderating factorsin the process of stress coping were resilience, social support, and positive traits. Conclusion: Theoretically, the stressors and coping methods that small business owners experience during the start-up process were confirmed from an integrated theoretical perspective. Practically, building trust relationships with SBOs and providing realistic job introductions are required at the head office level, and on the individual side, efforts are required to strike an appropriate balance between behavioral and emotional stress coping and to form a consensus with family members.