• Archives of design research
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• v.17 no.1
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• pp.383-392
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• 2004

The power tools is the product using working power generated by electric motor. Many companies are manufacturing numerous devices. Main features of tools are included various assembled products, small, light and solid and durable enough to match several standards. Fundamental requirements for the product is excellent performance and convenience for use. The quality of them depends on the equipped motor'(s) capability, accuracy of gear and endurance against worn-out. By adapting the state-of-the-art parts, they could be used in the place from home to heavy industry broadly. They can be classified electronic drills, grinders, saws and sanders families for the household appliances. For industrial tools, bore drill, grinder, polisher, and driver drill are classified as special and high priced group. This study presents the strategy of power tool development of BOSCH, BLACK&DECKER and KEYANG. Their products were analyzed in terms of product line and product mix concept. Then they are examined by design elements, such as color, shape and material for housing. As an analysis method, the image scale parameter and criteria were applied to each company's product.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.1227-1242
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• 2007

This study aims at grasping the influence of antecedents within SCM to information sharing and cooperation as well as the influence of information sharing on cooperation among the small & medium-sized manufacturing industries, thus ultimately opening the way to the study on the influence of major activities such as information sharing and cooperation within SCM on the business performance by classifying such influence into low perspectives of BSC. The results of this study revealed that the antecedents such as commitment and cultural similarities exercised a significant influence on information sharing while mutual trust and the size of a corporate weighing with cooperative activities. It also identified the fact that information sharing bore a significant influence on cooperation in terms of relationships among activities. For the relationships between the SCM activities and performance, cooperation proved significant to all four balanced scorecard performances with little significant influence of information sharing on balanced scorecard performance. However, taking into consideration of the significance of information sharing on cooperation as well as the significant influence of cooperation on balanced scorecard performance, it fumed out that information sharing also effected a indirect influence on such four types of balanced scorecard performance. In this regard, based on the results of this study, it was identified that information sharing and cooperation, major activities within SCM, had either direct or indirect influence, through the influence of antecedents, on the business balanced scoreboard performance measured from a customer perspective, a business process perspective, an innovation and teaming perspective and a financial perspective.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.953-961
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• 1998

Background : In recent years, lung cancer has been one of most common cause of death in Korea. Despite many physician's high degree of pessimism about the gains made in treatment, progressive improvement in the survival of lung cancer by treatment has occurred, particulary in the early stages of the disease. However, a lot of patients refuse treatment or give up in the fight against the disease. This study was done to evaluate factors influencing the compliance to therapy and to lead in the establishment of special programs to enhance compliance in patients with lung cancer. Methods: The medical records of 903 patients, whose ECOG(Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group) performance status was 3 or less and whose medical record was relatively satisfactory, among 1141 patients diagnosed with lung cancer between January 1989 and December 1996 were reviewed retrospectively. Compliance was classified into three groups based on the degree of compliance with physicians practice guideline: (a) compliants; (b) patients who initially complied but gave up of themselves midway during the course of treatment; (c) noncompliants who refused the treatment. Results: The overall compliance rate was 63.9%, which was progressively increased from 57.3-61.3% in 1989 and 1990 to 64.2-67.5% in 1995 and 1996. Age, education level and occupation of patients bore statistically significant relationship with the compliance but sex, marital status and smoking history did not. The compliance was significantly higher in patients without symptoms than with, and was also significantly higher in patients with good performance status. The compliance was significantly high in patients with NSCLC(non-small cell lung cancer) compared to SCLC(small cell lung cancer), but after exclusion of stage I and II, among NSCLC, which had higher compliance to surgery there was no significant difference of compliance by histology. The compliance was significantly lower in advanced stage. Conclusion: To enhance the compliance, special care including education programs about therapy including complication and prognosis are necessary, especially for educationally and economically disadvantaged patients.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.10
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• pp.63-80
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• 1986

The Old Testament cotains mention of the history of creation and clothing in ancient Hebrew. This study dealt with Hebrew dress customs especially aimed at the manners of their hair styles, headgears, footwear and personal ornaments. References are Korean Revised Version, English King James Version and Revised Standard Version. There is little mention of hair styles and headgears in the Old Testament. Some sort of turban was worn by priests, and soldiers protected themselves with helmets, but most Israelitish men went bareheaded except on special occasions and often wear simple headbands. It was more common for women to use headwear of some type-turbans, scarves, and veils concealing the face. The veil was the distinctive female wearing apparel. All females, with the exception of maidservants and women in a low condition of life, wore a veil. It was the custom for women to wear a veil entirely covering their head in the public. Through most of the Old Testament periods long and thick hair was admired on men and women alike. The Hebrews were proud to have thick and abundant long hair, and they gave much attention to the care of their hair. The caring of hair was deeply related to their rituals. Nazirites never took a razor to their hair during his vow-days, but instead let it grow long, as an offering to God. Men would not cut their beards, but allow them to grow long. The Israelites' standard footwear was a pair of simple leather sandals. This was one of the items of clothing not highly prized. In a colloquial saying of the time, a pair of shoes signified something of small value, and to be barefoot except in times of mourning or on holy place, was a sign either of extreme poverty or humiliation, as in the case of war prisoners. Because precious stones were not mined in the Palestine-Syria region, Hebrews imported them from foreign country. They were consumer-to a large degree limited by their very modest standard of living-but not producers. Hebrews liked the precious stones and were motivated to acquire and wear jewels. Besides their use for adornment and as gifts, the precious or semiprecious stones were regarded by Jews of property. The Hebrews were not innovators in the field of decorative arts. The prohibition of the Law against making any "graven image" precluded the development of painting, sculpture, and other forms of representational art. Jewish men did not indulge in extravagances of dress, and there was little ornamentation among them. Men wore a signet ring on their right hand or sometimes suspended by a cord or chain around the neck. The necklaces, when worn by a male, also bore any symbol of his authority. Bracelets were extremely popular with both men and women, men usually preferring to wear them on their upper arms. The girdle was a very useful part of a man's clothing. It was used as a waist belt, or used to fasten a man's sword to his body, or served as a pouch in which to keep money and other things. Men often carried a cane or staff, which would be ornamented at the top. Among the women there was more apt to be ornamentation than among the men. Hebrew women liked to deck themselves with jewels, and ornamentation of the bride were specially luxurious and numerous. They wore rings on their fingers or On toes, ankle rings, earrings, nosering, necklace, bracelets. Their shapes were of cresent, waterdrops, scarab, insect, animal or plant. Sometimes those were used as amulets. They were made of ceramics, gold, silver, bronze, iron, and various precious stones which were mostly imported from Egypt and Sinai peninsular. Hebrews were given many religious regulations by Moses Law on their hair, headgears, sandals and ornamentation. Their clothing were deeply related with their customs especially with their religions and rituals. Hebrew religion was of monotheism and of revealed religion. Their religious leaders, the prophets who was inspired by God might need such many religious regulations to lead the idol oriented people to God through them.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.13-23
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• 1988

Contents of total lipids, neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids of seed oils of 16 species of the Labiatae family were determined and their fatty acid compositions were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. The results were summarized as follows. 1) Lipid contents of seeds were shown to be 40.6％ in Perilla frutescens Britton var. japonica, 32.2％ in P. frutescens britton var. acuta, 31.9％ in lsodon japonicus, 32.7% in l. inflexus, 48.3％ in l. serra, 35.1％ in Mosls dianthera, 38.2％ in M. punctulata, 33.4％ in Nepeta cataria, 26.3％ in Agastache rugosa, 30.9％ in Eisholtzia ciliata, 18.9％ in Salvia splendens, 23.9％ in Lycopus maackianus, 49.5％ in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum, 30.9％ in Ametystea caerulea, 33.1％ in Leonurus sibircus and 34.3％ in Scutellaria basicalensis. 2) Contents of neutral lipids, glycolipids and phospholipids from the seed oils amounted to 98.6％, 0.7％, 0.8％ in P. frutescens Britton var. japonica; 95.5％, 1.3％, 3.1％ in P. frutescens Britton var. acuta; 95.1％, 1.8％, 3.1％ in l. japoincus; 91.4％, 3.5％, 5.1％ in l. inflexus; 96.8％, 0.7％, 2.5％ in l, serra; 96.0％, 1.8％, 2.2％ in Mosla dianthera; 94.7％, 2.0％, 3.3％ in M. punctulata; 90.1％, 2.4％, 7.5％ in Nepeta cataria; 90.1％, 3.4％, 6.5％ in Agastache rugosa; 86.3％, 3.3％, 10.4％ in Elsholtzia ciliata; 94.3％, 1.5％, 4.3％ in Salvia splendens; 87.2％, 2.9％, 9.0％ in Lycopus maackianus; 87.0％, 1.5％, 11.5％ in Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum; 91.8％, 1.6％, 6.6％; 95.5％, 0.4％, 4.1％ in Leonurus sibricus; 89.0％, 1.4％, 9.6％ in Scutellaria baicalensis. 3) Total lipids revealed the predominace of unsaturated fatty acids (82.0-94.5％) and larger variations were found in the composition of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (0.4-67.9％) and linoleic acid (11.2-82.9％). High level of ${\alpha}-linoenic$ acid was present in P. frutescens Britton var. japonica (67.9％), P. frutescens Britton var, acuta (66.0％), lsodon japonicus (65.2％), l. inflexus (59.0％), l. serra (57.3％), Mosla dianthera (60.9％), Nepeta cataria (58.3％), Agastache rugosa (58.5％) and Elsholtzia ciliata (46.2％), and followed by linoleic acid (11.2-32.1％) and oleic acid (9.3-12.2％). However, linoleic acid was the most predominant component in the total lipids of Clinopodium chinense var. parviflorum (62.4％), Ametystea caerules (82.9％), Leonurus sibricus (60.9％) and Scutellaria baicalensis (63.4％), with very small amounts of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid (0.4-3.1％). The total lipids of Salvia splendens, Lycopus maackianus and Mosla punctulata also contained linoleic acid of 31.3％, 48.8％ and 53.4％, with a considerable amount of ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid of 34.5％ 27.0％ and 16.7％. Palmitic acid was the major saturated fatty acid in all the oils investigated (4.1-14.2％). 4) Fatty acid profiles of neutral lipids bore a close resemblance to those of total lipids in all the seed oils, but different from those of glycolipids and phospholipids. Fatty acid composition pattern of glycolipids and phospholipids showed a considerably increased level of saturated fatty acids (19.0-66.8％, 17.8-35.2％) mainly composed of palmitic acid and stearic acid, and a noticeable low level of unsaturated fatty acids (41.2-80.9％, 64.7-82.1％) which was ascribed to the decrease in ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid of high ${\alpha}-linolenic$ acid seed oils, and in linoleic acid of high linoleic seed oils, compared to that of total lipids and neutral lipids.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.40 no.1
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• pp.1-17
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• 2002

The purpose of this study is to examine the possibility of thermal injury to bone tissues during an implant site preparation under the same condition as a typical clinical practice of $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant system. All the burs for $Br{\aa}nemark$ implant system were studied except the round bur The experiments involved 880 drilling cases : 50 cases for each of the 5 steps of NP, 5 steps of RP, and 7 steps of WP, all including srew tap, and 30 cases of 2mm twist drill. For precision drilling, a precision handpiece restraining system was developed (Eungyong Machinery Co., Korea). The system kept the drill parallel to the drilling path and allowed horizontal adjustment of the drill with as little as $1{\mu}m$ increment. The thermocouple insertion hole. that is 0.9mm in diameter and 8mm in depth, was prepared 0.2mm away from the tapping bur the last drilling step. The temperatures due to countersink, pilot drill, and other drills were measured at the surface of the bone, at the depths of 4mm and 8mm respectively. Countersink drilling temperature was measured by attaching the tip of a thermocouple at the rim of the countersink. To assure temperature measurement at the desired depths, 'bent-thermocouples' with their tips of 4 and 8mm bent at $120^{\circ}$ were used. The profiles of temperature variation were recorded continuously at one second interval using a thermometer with memory function (Fluke Co. U.S.A.) and 0.7mm thermocouples (Omega Co., U.S.A.). To simulate typical clinical conditions, 35mm square samples of bovine scapular bone were utilized. The samples were approximately 20mm thick with the cortical thickness on the drilling side ranging from 1 to 2mm. A sample was placed in a container of saline solution so that its lower half is submerged into the solution and the upper half exposed to the room air, which averaged $24.9^{\circ}C$. The temperature of the saline solution was maintained at $36.5^{\circ}C$ using an electric heater (J. O Tech Co., Korea). This experimental condition was similar to that of a patient s opened mouth. The study revealed that a 2mm twist drill required greatest attention. As a guide drill, a twist drill is required to bore through a 'virgin bone,' rather than merely enlarging an already drilled hole as is the case with other drills. This typically generates greater amount of heat. Furthermore, one tends to apply a greater pressure to overcome drilling difficulty, thus producing even greater amount heat. 150 experiments were conducted for 2mm twist drill. For 140 cases, drill pressure of 750g was sufficient, and 10 cases required additional 500 or 100g of drilling pressure. In case of the former. 3 of the 140 cases produced the temperature greater than $47^{\circ}C$, the threshold temperature of degeneration of bone tissue (1983. Eriksson et al.) which is also the reference temperature in this study. In each of the 10 cases requiring extra pressure, the temperature exceeded the reference temperature. More significantly, a surge of heat was observed in each of these cases This observations led to addtional 20 drilling experiments on dense bones. For 10 of these cases, the pressure of 1,250g was applied. For the other 10, 1.750g were applied. In each of these cases, it was also observed that the temperature rose abruptly far above the thresh old temperature of $47^{\circ}C$, sometimes even to 70 or $80^{\circ}C$. It was also observed that the increased drilling pressure influenced the shortening of drilling time more than the rise of drilling temperature. This suggests the desirability of clinically reconsidering application of extra pressures to prevent possible injury to bone tissues. An analysis of these two extra pressure groups of 1,250g and 1,750g revealed that the t-statistics for reduced amount of drilling time due to extra pressure and increased peak temperature due to the same were 10.80 and 2.08 respectively suggesting that drilling time was more influenced than temperature. All the subsequent drillings after the drilling with a 2mm twist drill did not produce excessive heat, i.e. the heat generation is at the same or below the body temperature level. Some of screw tap, pilot, and countersink showed negative correlation coefficients between the generated heat and the drilling time. indicating the more the drilling time, the lower the temperature. The study also revealed that the drilling time was increased as a function of frequency of the use of the drill. Under the drilling pressure of 750g, it was revealed that the drilling time for an old twist drill that has already drilled 40 times was 4.5 times longer than a new drill The measurement was taken for the first 10 drillings of a new drill and 10 drillings of an old drill that has already been used for 40 drillings. 'Test Statistics' of small samples t-test was 3.49, confirming that the used twist drills require longer drilling time than new ones. On the other hand, it was revealed that there was no significant difference in drilling temperature between the new drill and the old twist drill. Finally, the following conclusions were reached from this study : 1 Used drilling bur causes almost no change in drilling temperature but increase in drilling time through 50 drillings under the manufacturer-recommended cooling conditions and the drilling pressure of 750g. 2. The heat that is generated through drilling mattered only in the case of 2mm twist drills, the first drill to be used in bone drilling process for all the other drills there is no significant problem. 3. If the drilling pressure is increased when a 2mm twist drill reaches a dense bone, the temperature rises abruptly even under the manufacturer-recommended cooling conditions. 4. Drilling heat was the highest at the final moment of the drilling process.