• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제12권2호
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• pp.233-243
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• 1999

Food safety or sanitation are terms broadly applicable to procedures designed to ensure that food quality is high and free of factors which may adversely affect human health. These factors include zoonotic diseases and acute and chronic effects of ingesting natural and human-made xenobiotics. Use of drugs in animal production for the treatment and control of animal diseases, to promote growth rate, and to improve feed conversion efficiency has expanded year by year, thus increasing the possibilities for occurrences in animal products of residues harmful to humans. Governmental agencies have made efforts to control or prevent residue problems. The Korean Food and Drug Administration (KFDA) is charged with the responsibility of establishing tolerances for veterinary drugs, pesticides, and mycotoxins and other non-pharmaceutical substances. The Department of Veterinary Service is responsible for establishing guidelines regarding withdrawal times of drugs, approval of drugs, their uses, and sanitation enforcement of livestock products. The authors describe the toxicological basis for the establishment of tolerance levels for xenobiotics and the pharmacokinetic basis for establishing withdrawal time for veterinary drugs. The regulatory tolerance levels of chemicals in pork and swine feed, Korean regulations on the use of feed additives, rapid residue test methods, the National Residue Program, and the Food Animal Residue Avoidance Databank are discussed. Rapid EIA methods that are under development for the screening of live animals are described These methods predict tissue residues from an examination of blood samples taken from pigs before they are slaughtered.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제3권1호
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• pp.33-38
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• 1990

Fifteen Landrace pigs were used to determine the effects of supplemental copper or kapok meal, or both on the characteristics of the depot fat. The pigs were allocated into five groups of 3 pigs each. The animals were fed diets as follows: (1) control diet 100%; (2) control diet plus 20 mg/kg copper; (3) control diet plus 200 mg/kg copper; (4) control diet plus 3% kapok meal; (5) control diet plus 200 mg/kg copper and 3% kapok meal. In addition, 100 mg/kg iron and 100 mg/kg zinc were supplemented to all the diets. The pigs were slaughtered at the same time after 8 weeks of feeding period at an average weight of 98.6 kg. The supplementation of 20 or 200 mg/kg dietary copper did not affect the fatty acid compositions, the iodine numbers, the melting points or the copper contents of the inner and outer layers of backfat and the perirenal fat from pigs. Supplementation of kapok meal significantly elevated the melting point, the content of C18:0 and the ratio of C18:0/C18:1 of the porcine fats and decreased the content of C16:1. There was no interaction noted between copper and kapok meal on the porcine fat characteristics. These results indicate that the swine diet supplemented up to 200 mg/kg copper with zinc and iron can be used in growing-finishing swine diets without affecting either porcine fat characteristics or hardening effect of kapok meal on porcine fat.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권1호
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• pp.129-135
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• 2008

A total of 3,943 samples (beef 698, pork 2,178 and chicken 1,067)were collected from slaughter houses in Daegu from January to December 2006 for analysis of antimicrobial residues. The results were also comparatively analyzed with those carried out from 16 veterinary service laboratories nationwide as a part of national residue program in 2006. The samples from 11 farms (cattle 2, pig 9) were found to exceed the legal limit. Among them 5 were classified as tetracyclines, 3 as $\beta$-lactams, 2 as sulfonamides and 1 as quinolone. Nationally a total of 222 farms (241 cases) were found to violate the residual limits, of which 47.3% were detected by screening test, followed by surveillance (38.3%). Failure to observe withholding periods of antimicrobial drugs after treatment was the most significant cause of the non-compliance.

• 한국염색가공학회지
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• 제34권4호
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• pp.302-311
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• 2022

Increase of population, lack of land, and decrease in fertility of soil have caused the limitation of food production across the globe. This leads to developing alternative foods, at the same time, vegan society have been got bigger. They argue for animal's right to life and happiness, dissent from breeding and improving livestock, and proscribe eating meat. Emerging problem concerns their health as many turn to vegan society. Only intaking vegetable protein can cause health problems, leading to the development of novel food replacing meat. The most promising candidate is non-slaughtered cultured meat which can be produced in a laboratory. The cultured meat enables it to keep its texture, nutrient, and taste while also addressing the problems of breeding stock and slaughter. We have discussed the cultured meat industry from the perspective of a vegan society, and the prospects were considered from various aspects of awareness and preference.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제45권1호
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• pp.151-156
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• 2003

국내에 생우로 수입된 호주산 육우 Hereford, Angus, Murray Grey, Hereford${\times}$Angus 각각 10두의 도체등급 특성을 비교 분석하여 수입생우의 국내 비육에 대한 기초자료를 제시하고자 실시하였다. 육량등급요인 중 등지방 두께는 Hereford종이 13.7mm로 가장 얇았으며, Angus, Murray Grey, Hereford${\times}$Angus은 각각 18.20, 18.90, 17.30mm로 나타났다(p<0.05). 배최장근 단면적에서는 품종간 유의적인 차이가 나타나지 않았으며(p>0.05), 육량지수는 Hereford종이 64.63으로 가장 높았고, Murray Grey종이 62.43으로 가장 낮았다(p<0.05). 육질등급요인 중 육색은 다른 품종들에 비하여 Hereford종이 낮았으며, 지방색은 Angus종이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 성숙도는 다른 품종에 비하여 Angus종이 가장 낮았으며(p<0.05), 근내지방도, 조직감에서는 품종간에 차이가 없었다. 품종별 근내지방도 등급 출현율은 Angus종이 근내지방도 1++등급 이상이 50%를 차지하여 가장 높았으며, Hereford종이 전두수 1++등급 미만으로 가장 낮게 나타났다. 품종별 최종 도체등급 출현율에 있어서 육질등급에서는 Angus종이 육질 2등급 출현율이 20%로 가장 좋았으며, Hereford종과 교잡종(Hereford$\times$Angus)은 100% 육질 3등급으로 가장 저조한 성적을 보였다. 육량등급 출현율에 있어서는 Hereford종이 육량 B등급 출현율 30 %로 가장 좋은 성적을 보였으나, Angus종과교잡종(Hereford${\times}$Angus)은 100% 육량 C등급으로 가장 저조한 성적을 보였다. 전체적으로 볼 때 교잡종은 전 두수 육질 3등급, 육량 C등급을 보여 육질 및 육량 면에서 가장 저조하였다. 본 연구결과 수입생우(거세우)는 한우거세우에 비하여 육량, 육질 모든 면에서 저조한 결과를 보였다. 그러나 비육시험에서 한우와 동일하게 시험을 하지 못한 면에서는 아쉬운 점이 있었으며, 한우거세우와 정확한 비교를 위해서는 동일조건에서 한우와 수입생우의 비교시험이 필요하다고 사료된다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제17권6호
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• pp.848-856
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• 2004

Black Bengal goat is primarily reared for meat, skin comes here as a by-product. The present trial describes the effect of age on different carcass characteristics of Black Bengal goats of either sex. A total of 61 Black Bengal goats of different age and sex groups were slaughtered. They were reared under semi-intensive management on milk alone or with concentrates (of 10.14 MJ ME and 10.48 g M/kg DM) and freshly cut Napier grass (2 MJ ME and 25 g CP/kg of fresh matter) that provides the estimated NRC (1981) requirement. The four age groups were: pre-weaned kids (0-90 day), post-weaned kids (91-180 days), growing (181-365 days) and adult (>365 days). Goats were slaughtered according to 'Halal' method by severing the major vessels of the throat by a transverse cut. Different slaughter parameters of Black Bengal goat can be best predicted from the equations as follows: live weight (kg)=0.801 (shoulder height (cm))-24.32, ($r^{2}$=0.94); carcass weight (kg)=0.364 (height at hind legs (cm))-11.54, ($r^{2}$=0.91); edible weight (kg)=0.623 (shoulder height (cm))-19.94, ($r^{2}$=0.91) and saleable weight (kg)=0.701 (shoulder height (cm))-21.99, ($r^{2}$=0.92). Live weight, carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight of castrated goat at one-year onward ranges from 20-22, 9.4-10.5, 14-16 and 16.6-18.8 kg, respectively, which are about 80% higher than most of the reported observations on Black Bengal goat of same age and sex. Slaughter weight, warm carcass weight, edible weight and saleable weight increased curvilinearly with age of slaughter but not affected (p>0.05) by sex. However, linearity of the response curve of affect of age on mentioned parameters ends at around 9 months. Visceral fat as per cent of live weight increased curvilinearly with age and attain its maximum (about 6%) at about 500 days. However, linear part of the quadratic model ends at about 300 days when visceral fat content is about 4.8% of body weight. Blood and skin yield for one-year old male goat was 797 g and 1.61 kg, respectively. Absolute yield of blood and skin increased curvilinealry and attained maximum level at about 400 days (13.3 months). Average proportion of different carcass cut were - round 27%, rump 7%, loin 10%, ribs (6-12th) 14%, shoulder 21%, Neck 7%, chest 14%. Thigh and shoulder constituted about 48.3% of the cold carcass weight. Overall crude protein content of meat samples of different carcass cuts progressively decreased with age starting from 57 at 0-90 days to 58, 47 and 33 per cent, respectively at 91-180, 181-365 and >365 days, respectively. Overall meat fat content increased almost linearly from 11.1% during 91-180 days to 22.9 and 39.5% during 181-365 and >365days, respectively. Results from this trial suggest that both carcass yield and carcass composition changes with age; and sex have little or no effect on carcass yield and carcass composition. However, caution should be made in using second conclusion as there were few female animals slaughtered relative to the male. Optimum slaughter age for Black Bengal goat reared under semi-intensive management with adequate feeding and management would be about 9 months when their live weight, warm carcass weight, edible and saleable weight of carcass can be about 16.74, 7.28, 12.05 and 13.81 kg, respectively.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권1호
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• pp.41-50
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• 2007

200 두의 한우 거세우를 이용한 비교도체 시험에서 얻어진 자료로부터 유지를 위한 정미에너지 요구량(Net energy requirements for growth, NEg) 및 단백질 요구량(Net protein requirements for growth, NPg) 산출식을 도출하기 위해 본 실험을 수행하였다. 공시축은 6개월령에서 8두를 무작위 선발하여 도축하였고, 나머지 192두는 2개 처리에 임의 배치하였다. 농후사료 제한 급여구는 6～12개월령에 체중의 1.2～1.5%, 13～18개월령에는 체중의 1.7～1.8%로 제한 급여하였고, 19～30개월령에는 자유채식시켰다. 무제한 급여구는 6개월령부터 30개월령까지 전 사육기간 농후사료를 자유채식시켰다. 두 처리 모두 조사료는 볏짚을 자유채식시켰다. 8개월령부터 각 처리 8두씩 무작위 선발하여 2개월 간격으로 30개월령까지 도축하였다. 모든 조직 부위의 중량을 측정한 후, 일정비율의 시료를 채취하여 0～5℃ 상태로 실험실로 운반하여 단백질 및 지방 그리고 bomb caloriemeter로 calorie를 측정하였다. NEg와 NPg 요구량 산출 회귀식은 일본 육우사양표준(農林水産技術會議事務局, 2000)의 회귀식과 같은 변수로 구성되었고, NEg 산출식은 농후사료 제한 급여구에서 NEg = 0.05332×LBW0.75×DG 그리고 무제한 급여구에서 NEg=0.04912×LBW0.75×DG으로 결정되었다. NPg 요구량은 농후사료 제한 급여구는 NPg=DG×(224.7－0.251×LBW), 무제한 급여구는 NPg=DG×(210.1－0.214×LBW)로 결정되었다.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• 제26권2호
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• pp.295-302
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• 2013

The aim of the study was to compare chemical composition and quality attributes of meat between male long fat tailed sheep (n = 17) and Small East African goats (n = 17) existing in Tanzania. Animals of 1.5 to 2 yrs in age and live body weight of $22.59{\pm}0.50$ kg were purchased from livestock auction markets. Animals were fasted for 18 h and slaughtered according to standard halal procedure. Left carcasses were dissected into muscles, fat and bone and the muscle and fat were mixed together and chemically analysed. Meat quality attributes were measured based on Muscle longissimus thoracis et lumborum excised from right sides of carcasses. Goat carcasses had significant higher (p = 0.0302) moisture content (70.65% vs 66.96%) and lower (p = 0.0027) ether extract (2.49% vs 5.82%) than sheep but there was no significant species differences in protein and ash content. Sheep had lower (p = 0.0157) ultimate pH (5.74 vs 5.88) and higher (p = 0.0307) temperature ($3.77^{\circ}C$ vs $3.15^{\circ}C$) than goat carcasses. Sheep meat had lower (p = 0.0021) shear force values (29.83 N vs 34.07 N) than goat. Within species, at day 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 44.63% and 34.18% for sheep and goat. Pooled data showed that at d 9 of ageing, meat tenderness improved (p = 0.0001) by 39.25% (from 39.54 N to 24.02 N) compared to tenderness of meat which was not aged at day one of slaughter. The present study demonstrated the differences in chemical composition and quality attributes of meat existing between sheep and goats originated from East Africa.

• 한국동물위생학회지
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• 제31권3호
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• pp.397-414
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• 2008

In order to evaluate conception rate of Hanwoo in northwestern region of Gyeongsang-nam-do, we investigated conception rate and reduction of reproductive disorder rate after artificial insemination (AI) in 1,000 heads of breeding cows, This study showed that 80.9% of cows were classified as fertility after 1st and 2nd AI. For a accurate pregnancy diagnosis with practicing ovariectomy and histeotomy, we comparatively investigated each of 80 slaughtered cows, including 30 of non-pregnancy, and used enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for estimation of plasma progesterone concentration and serum luteal hormone. The mean diameter of non-pregnant corpus luteum is $18.9{\pm}4.2{\times}15.6{\pm}3.6 mm$ and that of pregnant corpus luteum is $22.5{\pm}2.7{\times}18.7{\pm}2.9 mm$. This indicates that corpus luteum is more developed in the ovary of pregnant than non-pregnant cows (P<0.05). The diameter of pregnant corpus luteum according to the stage of pregnancy showed $21.3{\pm}2.4{\pm}18.4{\pm}2.6 mm$ in early stage (1-3 month), $23.4{\pm}2.8{\times}19.1{\pm}2.7 mm$ in middle stage (4-6 month) and $22.8{\pm}3.0{\times}18.8{\pm}2.4mm$, in last stage (7-9 month). This indicates that corpus luteum in middle and last stage is more significantly developed than that of early stage(P<0.05). The mean plasma progesterone concentration of cows showing size of non-pregnant corpus luteum was $4.58{\pm}0.92ng/ml$ and that of pregnant corpus luteum $8.26{\pm}0.98ng/ml$. Thus, it was more significantly increased in pregnant corpus luteum(P<0.02).. However, it was low to $0.58{\pm}0.39ng/ml$. in estrus (corpus albicans). The plasma progesterone concentration according to gestation period was high in proportion to the degree of development in corpus luteum and more significantly increased (P<0.05) and maintained in middle and last state than early state. The concentration was sharply decreased to $0.56{\pm}0.32ng/ml$ at parturition. As a consequence, we can practice the early pregnancy diagnosis by confirming non-pregnancy when the mean plasma progesterone concentration is below 1ng/ml 19 to 22 days after AI and this can be available to diagnose reproductive disorder.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제48권2호
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• pp.287-292
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• 2006

연도증진의 가장 일반적인 방법인 숙성을 통해 말고기의 육질과 관능적 특성이 어떻게 변화하는지를 조사하여 말고기의 적정 숙성기간을 제시하고, 국내 말고기의 냉장 유통에 대비한 기초자료를 확보하고자 제주마 24두의 등심을 4℃에서 25일간 숙성시키면서 육질과 관능적 특성을 조사하였다. 말고기 pH는 숙성기간에 따라 차이가 없었으며, 전단력은 저장 12일까지 유의적으로 감소하다가(P<0.05) 12일 이후 차이를 나타내지 않았다. 보수력, 가열감량 및 포장감량은 숙성기간이 경과할수록 증가하는 경향이였으며, 육색특성은 숙성기간이 경과할수록 명도(L*)와 적색도(a*) 값이 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 관능적 특성 중 풍미는 저장 7일에 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었고, 다즙성은 숙성 12일에 패널에 의해 가장 좋은 점수를 받았으며, 연도는 숙성 7일에 유의적인 증가를 보였으며(P<0.05) 이후 숙성기간에는 차이가 없었다. 숙성기간별 말고기에 대한 전체기호도는 숙성 7일에 유의적인 증가를 보인 후 숙성 18일까지 지속하다가 25일에 다소 감소하였다(P<0.05). 이상의 결과로 볼 때 말고기 등심의 최적숙성기간은 도축 후 9～14일로 나타났으며, 도축 후 20일 이후에는 기호성과 육질이 저하되는 결과를 보였다.