• 한국식품영양과학회지
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• 제30권6호
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• pp.1152-1157
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• 2001

도축 후 24시간 냉장한 상등급(B2 등급)과 등외등급(D 등급) 쇠고기 지육에서 등심부위를 분할하여 두 쪽으로 나누어 한 쪽은 랩으로 싸서 1일간 냉장하고, 다른 한 쪽은 500g씩 자르고 진공포장하여 30일간 냉장하여 전자는 신선육, 후자는 냉장육이라 하였다. 상등급육과등외등급육의 기호특성을 비교하고 등외등급육의 냉장효과를 알아보기 위하여 신선육과 냉장육의 색도, 연도, ATP 관련물질, 지방산 조성 및 관능평가에 대한 실험을 하였다. 신선육의 경우 상등급육이 등외등급육에 비하여 pH. 젖산함량, 미오글로빈 함량이 낮고 표면색이 우수하였다. 상등급육은 경도와 저작성이 낮으면서 근원섬유 소편화도가 높아 연한 현상을 보였다. 상등급육은 포화지방산 함량이 낮고 단일 불포화지방산에 대한 포화지방산의 비율(MUFA/SFA)과 ATP 함량이 높고, 생육향이 우수하였다. 상등급육은 가열감량 및 가열단축도가 낮은 반면 가열육의 기호성이 현저히 우수하였다. 등외등급육은 상등급육에 비해서 경도, 저작성, 근원섬유 소편화도 및 MUFA/SFA에 대한 냉장효과가 크게 나타났다. 그러나 냉장육의 연도, 가열육 향 그리고 기호성이 등외등급육에 비해 상등급육이 현저히 우수하였다.

• 농업과학연구
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• 제37권2호
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• pp.231-238
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• 2010

There is no investigation has yet been conducted for ACOX1 and CSRP3 gene polymorphisms in Korean cattle (Hanwoo), and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits. In this study, SNPs in ACOX1 and CSRP3 genes were identified and their associations with carcass and meat quality traits were investigated in 227 Hanwoo animals. Two SNPs (g.224G> A and g.19491G>A) in ACOX1 gene and one SNP (g.14859C>T) in CSRP3 gene were identified in Hanwoo and sequence analysis indicated that these SNPs were located in the coding regions. The allele frequencies of ACOX1 g.224G>A and g.19491G>A SNPs were 0.57, 0.43, and 0.56 and 0.44, respectively, For CSRP3 g.14859C>T polymorphism, the C and T allele frequencies were 0.64 and 0.36, respectively. The Hanwoo cattle were used to detect PCR-RFLP patterns for estimating the allele frequencies. Single marker association analyses were performed between genotype of each SNP, and carcass and meat quality association traits to evaluate the relationships in Hanwoo. The g.224G>A SNP genotypes of ACOX1 gene, which was significantly associated with meat quantity grade at slaughter (P<0.03) and backfat thickness tended to be greater (P=0.06) in Hanwoo. The previously identified g.14859C>T SNP was used in this study and the obtained genotype and allele frequencies are almost similar with the previous results reported by Bhuiyan et al. (2007). However, no significant association was found between g.19491G>A SNP in the ACOX1 and g.14859C>T SNP genotypes of CSRP3 gene and considered carcass and meat quality traits. In conclusion, the information on the identified SNPs in CSRP3 and ACOX1 genes could be useful for further association study and haplotype analysis for the development of carcass and meat quality traits in Hanwoo.

• 한국수정란이식학회지
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• 제28권4호
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• pp.355-360
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• 2013

Precise, rapid and simple methods for species identification in animals are among the most important techniques in the livestock industry and research fields including meat classification. In this study, polymerase chain reaction (PCR) based molecular identification using inter species polymorphisms were examined by PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analysis for mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (CYTB) gene sequences among four mammalian livestock animals (cattle, horse, goat and pig). The results from PCR-RFLP analysis using the AluI restriction enzyme were also provided for the species-specific band patterns among CYTB gene sequences in these four species. The AluI-digestion for CYTB genes provided interesting migration patterns differentially displayed according to each species. Cattle and horse had one AluI-recognition site at different nucleotide positions and their AluI-digested fragments showed different band patterns on the gels. Pig had two AluI-recognition sites within the amplified CYTB sequences and produced three bands on the gels. Goat had no AluI-recognition site and was located at the same position as the uncut PCR product. The results showed the species-specific band patterns on a single gel among the four livestock animal species by AluI-RFLP. In addition, the results from blind tests for the meat samples collected from providers without any records showed the identical information on the species recorded by observing their phenotypes before slaughter. The application of this PCR-RFLP method can be useful and provide rapid, simple, and clear information regarding species identification for various tissue samples originating from tested livestock species.

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제14권4호
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• pp.263-271
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• 1990

This study was carried out to investigate the factors affecting maturation in vitro of follicular oocytes in Korean Native Cattle. The bovine ovaries were obtained at a slaughter house and the follicular oocytes were recovered by aspirating the follicular fluid from the visible follicles of 3~6mm. The bovine oocytes were matured in vitro in TCM-199 containing FCS and hormones. The effects of TCM-199 salt type, number of oocytes per drop, incubation time and co-culture with granulosa cells on maturation of oocytes, were investigated. The results obtained are summarized as follows. 1. The maturation rates of follicular oocytes cultured for 22, 25 and 28 hours in Hank's TCM-199 or Earle's TCM-199 were 59.3, 59.6, 80% and 80.0, 90.0, 93.7%, respectively. The maturation rate of follicular oocytes in Earle's TCM-199 was faster and higher than in Hank's TCM-199(P<0.05). 2. The maturation rates of oocytes were 54.5, 62.5 and 62.0% when cultured the oocytes number 10, 20 and 40 per 200${mu}ell$ drop for 18 hours. 3. The maturation of follicular oocytes in the Korean Native Cattle was induced at 14 hours culture, by giving the maturation rate of 90.0% after 20 hours. 4. The maturation rates were 63.3% and 66.7%, respectigely when the oocytes were co-cultured with granulosa cells from medium-size follicles used immediately after recovery in the presence or absence of hormones added(0.02AU/ml FSH, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH and 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol 17-$\beta$). When the oocytes were co-cultured with granulosa cells from medium-size follicles cultured for 3 days, the maturation rates were 20.8% and 76.2%, respectively(P<0.05). 5. The maturation rate were 88.0% and 70.0%, respectively when the oocytes were co-cultured with granulosa cells from large-size follicles used immediately after recovery in the presence or absence of hormones added(0.02AU/ml FSH, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH and 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol 17-$\beta$)(P<0.05). When the hormones added(0.02AU/ml FSH, 10$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml LH and 1$\mu\textrm{g}$/ml estradiol 17-$\beta$)(P<0.05). When the oocytes were co-cultred with granulosa cells from large-size follicles cultured for 3 days, the maturation rates were 41.2% and 73.3%, respectively(P<0.05).

• 한국가축번식학회지
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• 제20권3호
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• pp.323-331
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• 1996

포유동물에 있어서 조기 성 판정기술은 축산에 있어서의 성별 육종프로그램이나 인간의 X-염색체 관련 열성유전병의 산전진단 등 여러 분야에 응용될 수 있다. 초기배에 대한 성 판정은 성염색체에 존재하는 특이한 염기서열을 증폭시키는 polymerase chain reaction (PCR)과 X와 Y 염색체에 대한 특이적 probe를 이용하는 fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH)에 의하여 수행될 수 있다. 1992년과 93년, 2개년도에 걸쳐 본 연구실에서 돼지의 3.3 kb 웅성특이 DNA 절편(pEM39)을 cloning하였다. 본 연구는 pEM39가 성특이 DNA-probe로 이용될 수 있는지를 조사하기 위해 PCR과 FISH를 이용하였다. 돼지 난자는 도축장에서 구입한 돼지 난소로부터 채취되었고, 체외배양후 체외수정되었다. 한편 처녀발생나자를 negative control로 이용하였다. 2 세포기의 수정란을 선발한 후 PCR을 통하여 DNA를 분석한 결과, 10개의 수정란 중 6개는 자성, 다른 4개는 웅성으로 판정되었으며, FISH를 수행한 결과, done된 웅성특이 DNA 단편은 돼지 간조직과 초기배에서 웅성특이성을 보였다. 또한 FISH와 karyotyping을 수행한 결과 clone된 웅성특이 DNA 단편이 Y 염색체 q-arm의 heterochromatic region에 위치함을 알 수 있었다. 이러한 결과로 보아 clone된 웅성특이 DNA 단편이 초기배의 성을 조기판정하는데 있어 유용하리라 사료되며, PCR에 의한 초기배의 성 판정에 있어 신뢰할만할 지표가 될 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제56권7호
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• pp.24.1-24.6
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• 2014

The present study investigated the effects of varying durations of nursery diets differing in percentages of milk products on growth performance of pigs during the nursery phase (NP) and subsequent grow-finish phase (GFP) to find the feasibility of reducing the use of nursery diets containing costly milk products. A total of 204 21-d-old weanling female and castrated male pigs were subjected to one of three nursery phase feeding programs differing in durations on the NP 1 and 2 and GFP diets containing 20%, 7%, and 0% lacrosse and 35%, 8%, and 0% dried whey, respectively, in 6 pens (experimental units) for 33 d: HIGH (NP 1, 2 and 3 diets for 7, 14, and 12 d), MEDIUM (NP 2 and 3 for 14 and 19 d), and LOW (NP 2 and 3 and GFP 1 for 7, 14, and 12 d). Subsequently, 84 randomly selected pigs [14 pigs (replicates)/pen] were fed the GFP 1, 2 and 3 diets during d 54-96, 96-135, and 135-182 of age, respectively. The final body weight (BW) and average daily gain (ADG) of nursery pigs did not differ among the HIGH, MEDIUM, and LOW groups (14.8, 13.3, and 13.7 kg in BW and 273, 225, and 237 g in ADG, respectively). The average daily feed intake during the nursery phase was greater (p < 0.01) in the HIGH group than in the MEDIUM and LOW groups, whereas the gain:feed ratio did not differ across the treatments. The BW on d 182 and ADG during d 54-182 were greater in the HIGH and MEDIUM groups vs. the LOW group (110.0, 107.6, and 99.6 kg in BW, respectively; p < 0.01). The backfat thickness and carcass grade at slaughter on d 183 did not differ across the treatments. In conclusion, the MEDIUM program may be inferior to the commonly used HIGH program in supporting nursery pig growth. Nevertheless, the former appears to be more efficient than the latter in production cost per market pig whereas the LOW program is thought to be inefficient because of its negative effect on post-nursery pig growth.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.523-530
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• 2007

본 연구는 총 127두(암퇘지 30두, 수퇘지 97두) 재래돼지의 출하체중별 도체특성, 부분육 생산율 및 육질특성을 조사하였다. 본 연구에 이용된 재래돼지의 평균 출하체중, 도체율 및 거래정육율은 수컷이 각각 74.69kg, 71.14% 및 61.09%이었고 암컷은 75.5kg, 73.88% 및 56.25 %이었다. 결과적으로 암퇘지가 수퇘지에 비하여 생체중 및 도체율이 약간 높게 나타난 반면에 거래정육율은 수퇘지가 암퇘지와 비교하여 약간 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 성별 그룹간에 유의적인 차이는 없는 것으로 나타났다(p>0.05). 재래돼지의 일반성분 특성에서 암퇘지 그룹이 수퇘지 그룹보다 높은 지방 함량을 보였으며, 수퇘지에서는 출하체중에 관계없이 지방 함량이 낮은 경향을 나타냈다. 또한 단백질 함량은 출하체중이 증가할수록 암퇘지 및 수퇘지 모두 증가하는 경향을 보였다. 근내지방 함량이 높은 암퇘지의 경우 동일한 체중그룹에 속하는 수퇘지와 비교하여 전단력이 낮고 보수력이 높은 경향으로 나타났다. 육색에서 암퇘지가 수퇘지와 비교하여 전반적으로 L값(명도), a값(적색도), 및 b값(황색도)이 모두 높은 경향을 나타냈으나 유의적인 차이는 황색도에서만 암퇘지가 더 높은 것으로 나타났다(p<0.05). 따라서 본 연구결과는 재래돼지의 출하체중과 성별에 따른 적절한 품질인증기준을 설정하는데 중요한 자료로 사용될 수 있을 것으로 생각된다.

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• 제49권4호
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• pp.531-538
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• 2007

본 연구는 소, 돼지, 닭의 부산물인 신장, 간, 기관으로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하고 추출수율을 극대화할 수 있는 추출조건을 탐색하고자 실시하였다. 추출방법은 일반추출방법, 열수추출방법 및 효소가수분해 추출방법을 이용하였으며 각 추출방법에 따른 수율 및 추출물내의 황산 콘드로이틴의 양을 측정하였다. 추출방법간의 비교에서 일반추출법(대조구) 보다 열수추출과 효소가수분해 추출의 수율이 더 높게 나타났으며 유의적인 차이를 보였다(P<0.05). 효소가수분해 추출에서 식육부산물 중 가장 높은 값을 나타낸 것은 닭 기관, 소 기관, 소 간 순이었다(P<0.05). 모든 추출방법 간에 있어서 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이 가장 높았으며 효소가수분해 추출방법에 의한 소기관의 황산콘드로이틴 함량이(21.19±1.82) 가장 높은 수치를 나타내었다(P<0.05). 추출물의 수율에 영향을 미치는 에탄올에 의한 추출물 분별침전에서는 에탄올 농도가 증가할수록 황산콘드로이틴 수율이 증가하였다. 결론적으로 식육부산물로부터 황산콘드로이틴을 추출하는데 있어 효소가수분해방법이 가장 좋은 결과를 나타내었다.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제36권4호
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• pp.919-927
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• 1996

In the last few years, methods for in vitro culture of early embryo stages from oocytes matured and fertilized in vitro using suitable cell culture systems have been established. But the factors affecting pregnancy rates following transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro were not evaluated enough. So this study was performed to investigate the effects of quality and stage of embryos, parity and Corpus Luteum quality of recipients on pregnancy rates following non-surgical transfer of bovine embryos produced in vitro. Oocytes aspirated from small antral follicles of ovaries obtained at a local slaughter house were matured, fertilized with frozen-thawed semen and co-cultured for 6-7 days by utilizing co-culture system with bovine oviduct epithelial cell in vitro. After co-culture, embryos were transfered to recipients on day 7 (estrus=day 0). Recipients were monitored by ultrasonic scanning method or observation for estrus and rectal palpation after 50 days from transfer. The results of this study are follows. 1. Of the 70 recipients, 70%(49 of 70) had not showed estrus sign between day 0 and day 50, but 22.9%(16 of 70) was diagnosed not pregnant. Therefore the overall pregnancy rate of this study was 47.1%(33 of 70). 2. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with excellent(66.7%) and good(54.5%) embryos were higher than that of recipients transfered with fair embryos(15.8%) (p<0.05). 3. The pregnancy rate of recipients transfered with morula, compacted morula, blastocyst and expanded blastocysts were 46.2, 55.0, 62.5 and 50.0%, respectively. 4. The pregnancy rates of recipients transfered to heifer and cow were 54.5 and 55.2%, respectively. 5. The pregnancy rates of recipients with CL score I, II(66.7, 63.6%) were higher than those of recipients with CL score III (10%), (p<0.05). Success of transfer of embryos produced in vitro depends on many variables. The important factors identified in this study were the quality of embryos and the CL score of recipient animals after non-surgical transfer of embryos matured, fertilized and cultured in vitro.

• 대한수의학회지
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• 제51권2호
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• pp.117-122
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• 2011

Bovine tuberculosis (bTB), caused primarily by Mycobacterium bovis, continues to exert an economic loss, even in countries with active control measures, and is one of zoonotic diseases enable to be transmitted to human. The control and eradication of bTB are mainly based on a test and slaughter policy and/or abattoir surveillance. Various factors including limitation of diagnostic tests have been considered as major constraints to eradication. Single intradermal test (SIT) is the official diagnostic test. New diagnostic methods are needed to be developed, because of limitations of the test. In the present study SIT was compared with single intradermal comparative cervical test (SICCT) and interferon (IFN)-${\gamma}$ assay. There was very low correlation between SIT and SICCT. However, high correlation was shown between SIT and IFN-${\gamma}$ assay while no correlation was observed between SICCT and IFN-${\gamma}$ assay. Therefore, our results suggest the possibility of replacement of SIT with IFN-${\gamma}$ assay for the diagnosis of bovine tuberculosis.