• Title/Summary/Keyword: Skin-whitening agents

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Effect of Aqueous Extract from Asiasari Radix on ${\alpha}$-melanocyte Stimulating Hormone Induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells (세신의 열수추출물이 ${\alpha}$-melanocyte Stimulating Hormone에 의해 유도된 B16F10 세포의 멜라닌 생성에 미치는 영향)

  • Lee, Jun-Hyuk;Shin, Dong-Yeok;Choi, Yung-Hyun;Chung, Kyung-Tae;Kang, Byoung-Won;Jeong, Seong-Yun;Choi, Byung-Tae
    • Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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    • v.22 no.3
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    • pp.649-653
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    • 2008
  • The aqueous extract from Asiasari radix (AEAR) was used to investigate the effect of ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone induced melanogenesis in B16F10 mouse melnoma cells. The treatment with AEAR at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level significantly inhibited the biosynthesis of melanin without changes of cell growth and morphology compared with untreated control. The AEAR-treated cells at the 2.0 mg/ml level were more efficient than commercial arbutin at 0.1 mg/ml. The tyrosinase activity also significantly decreased in AEAR-treated cells at the 1.0 and 2.0 mg/ml level. The Western analyses confirmed the slightly decreased expression of tyrosinase by AEAR treatment. These results indicate that AEAR may contribute to the inhibition of melanin biosynthesis through regulating tyrosinase activity and expression and serve as a new candidate in the design of new skin-whitening or therapeutic agents.

Inhibitory effect of melanin synthesis using organic solvent extracts from Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans (왕지네의 유기용매 추출물을 이용한 멜라닌 합성 저해효과)

  • Kim, In-Woo;Lee, Joon Ha;Kwon, Yong-Nam;Kim, Sang-Hee;Yun, Eun-Young;Nam, Sung-Hee;Ahn, Mi-Young;Hwang, Jae-Sam
    • Journal of Sericultural and Entomological Science
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    • v.52 no.1
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    • pp.1-5
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    • 2014
  • This study was performed to determine the whitening effect of organic solvent extracts from the centipede, Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans. We prepared different concentrations (50%, 70% and 100%) of ethanol, methanol, 100% ethyl acetate and water extracts. We tested melanin inhibitory effect and tyrosinase activity using B16/F10 melanoma cell. As a result, treatment of organic solvent extracts is decreased the biosynthesis of melanin and tyrosinase activity to 36 ~ 86%. Especially the 70% ethanol extracts was the most effective in B16/F10 melanoma cells. In the study on melanogenic protein expression, 70% ethanol extracts of Scolopendra subspinipes mutilans blocked glycosylation of tyrosinase. Therefore this result suggests that 70% ethanol extracts could be developed as skin whitening agents.

Efficacy Evaluation of Anti-wrinkle Products in Japan

  • Masaki Hitoshi
    • Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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    • v.29 no.2 s.43
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    • pp.67-77
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    • 2003
  • Two categories of cosmetic products, cosmetics and quasi-drugs, have been established by the Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) in Japan. Japanese pharmaceutical law has defined that products categorized as cosmetics do not exhibit any effects on human skin. In fact, cosmetic products are not permitted to claim any efficacy. On the other hand, products in the quasi-drug category can claim several efficacies such as anti-inflammatory effects, whitening/lightning effects, hair growth effects and so on. Unfortunately, the Japanese MHLW has not yet approved the efficacy of anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects as a claim point. However, the population is aging, and the demand for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle products is increasing year by year. Japanese cosmetic companies have proposed to the MHLW that anti-aging/anti-wrinkle agents be approved as a claim concept of a quasi-drug. However, unified evaluation methods for anti-aging/anti-wrinkle effects have not been established. Currently, each company evaluates the efficacy of products/materials using their own original methods. Thus, to request approval of the MHLW, the establishment of a unified evaluation method is needed. Consequently, the Japan Cosmetic Industry Association (JCIA) has established a task force to develop guidelines for evaluating anti-wrinkle effects in 1998. In conclusion, the JCIA would like to adopt visual and image analysis scales to evaluate the anti-wrinkle effects objectively. Generally, wrinkles are roughly classified into three groups as fine wrinkles, linear deep wrinkles and crow's feet. However, academic societies of dermatology or cosmetics have not yet established a definition of wrinkles in Japan. Thus, in advance of setting up an evaluation method, the definition of wrinkles f3r evaluation must be decided. Wrinkles are defined by the task force of the JCIA as follows; furrows that people can recognize visually and that appear on the forehead, the corners of the eyes and the backs of the neck with aging. In addition, furrows are emphasized by exposure to solar light and by dry conditions. Visual evaluation is the most sensitive method and can be applied to most types of wrinkles. However, visual evaluation is hard to express digitally as results. Besides, in the case of image analysis, comparisons of data obtained from distinct examinations can not be done, because data from image analysis are relative values. Thus, to enhance the reliability of the evaluations, the adoption of an objective scale was required. The principle of the evaluation method is to analyze images taken from silicone replicas of wrinkle areas using several parameters, such as the proportion of the wrinkle $area({\%})$, the mean depth of the wrinkles (mm), the mean depth of the deepest wrinkle (m) and the deepest point on the deepest wrinkle. Lights are shown on the skin replica from an orthogonal direction of the main orientation of the wrinkle, and the resulting shadow images are quantified by the image analysis method. To increase the precision of the data or to allow comparisons of independent examinations, a scale with furrows of several depths, 200, 400, 600, 800, and $1000{\mu}m$, is adapted in the evaluation system. I will explain the guidelines established by the JCIA in the presentation.

Antioxidative and Antibacterial Activities of Artemisia princeps Pampanini Extracts (사자발쑥 추출물의 항산화 및 항균 활성)

  • Yang, Hyun Gab;Kim, Hye Jin;Kim, Hae Soo;Park, Soo Nam
    • Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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    • v.40 no.3
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    • pp.250-260
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    • 2012
  • In the present study, the antioxidative and antibacterial activities of Artemisia princeps Pampanini (A. princeps Pamp.) extract were investigated. The ethyl acetate fraction of A. princeps Pamp. showed the most prominent free radical (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH) scavenging activity ($FSC_{50}=12.27{\mu}g/mL$). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging activities ($OSC_{50}$) of A. princeps Pamp. extract on $Fe^{3+}-EDTA/H_2O_2$ systems were investigated using a luminol-dependent chemiluminescence assay. The ethyl acetate fraction of the extract ($OSC_{50}=0.33{\mu}g/mL$) had a 5 times greater ROS scavenging activity than L-ascorbic acid ($1.50{\mu}g/mL$), known as a water soluble antioxidant. The cellular protective effects of fractions of A. princeps Pamp. on the rose-bengal sensitized photohemolysis of human erythrocytes were examined. The aglycone fraction of extracts suppressed photohemolysis in a concentration dependent manner. The inhibitory effects of A. princeps Pamp. extract on tyrosinase were investigated to assess their whitening efficiency. The ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated a 7 times higher tyrosinase inhibitory effect ($IC_{50}=29.20{\mu}g/mL$) than albutin, known as a whitening agent. The antibacterial activity of ethyl acetate fractions against various normal skin flora were measured. The results showed that the antibacterial activity of the fraction was the highest on Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, and Propionibacterium acnes. Antioxidant substances were isolated and purified from the ethyl acetate fractions. Eupatilin and jaceosidin were identified. These results indicate that the extract/fractions of A. princeps Pamp. can function as antioxidant and/or antibacterial agents for the skin.

A Novel Synthesized Tyrosinase Inhibitor, (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene) chroman-4-one (MHY1294) Inhibits α-MSH-induced Melanogenesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells (신규 합성물질 (E)-3-(4-하이드록시벤질리딘)크로마논 유도체의 티로시나아제 효소활성 저해 및 멜라닌 생성 억제 효과)

  • Jeon, Hyeyoung;Lee, Seulah;Yang, Seonguk;Bang, EunJin;Ryu, Il Young;Park, Yujin;Jung, Hee Jin;Chung, Hae Young;Moon, Hyung Ryong;Lee, Jaewon
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.31 no.8
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    • pp.719-728
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    • 2021
  • Melanin pigments are abundantly distributed in mammalian skin, hair, eyes, and nervous system. Under normal physiological conditions, melanin protects the skin against various environmental stresses and acts as a physiological redox buffer to maintain homeostasis. However, abnormal melanin accumulation results in various hyperpigmentation conditions, such as chloasma, freckles, senile lentigo, and inflammatory pigmentation. Tyrosinase, a copper-containing enzyme, plays an important role in the regulation of the melanin pigment biosynthetic pathway. Although several whitening agents based on tyrosinase inhibition have been developed, their side effects, such as allergies, DNA damage, mutagenesis, and cytotoxicity of melanocytes, limit their applications. In this study, we synthesized 4-chromanone derivatives (MHY compounds) and investigated their ability to inhibit tyrosinase activity. Of these compounds, (E)-3-(4-hydroxybenzylidene)chroman-4-one (MHY1294) more potently inhibited the enzymatic activity of tyrosinase (IC50 = 5.1±0.86 μM) than kojic acid (14.3±1.43 μM), a representative tyrosinase inhibitor. In addition, MHY1294 showed competitive inhibitory action at the catalytic site of tyrosinase and had greater binding affinity at this site than kojic acid. Furthermore, MHY1294 effectively inhibited α-melanocyte stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced melanin synthesis and intracellular tyrosinase activity in B16F10 melanoma cells. The results of the present study indicate that MHY1294 may be considered as a candidate pharmacological agent and cosmetic whitening ingredient.

Melanogenesis Inhibition Effect of Rosa multiflora Extracts in B16 Melanoma Cells (찔레 추출물의 B16 세포 멜라닌 형성 억제)

  • Ha, Se-Eun;Kim, Hyoung-Do;Park, Jong-Kun;Chung, Yeon-Ok;Kim, Hyun-Jong;Park, Nou-Bog
    • Korean Journal of Plant Resources
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    • v.22 no.4
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    • pp.317-322
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    • 2009
  • In the present study, the effect of ethanol extracts of leaf and root of Rosa multiflora on the proliferation of B16 cells, tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis were investigated. 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide(MTT) assay demonstrated that the cell viability upon treatment with Rosa multiflora extract(0-200 ${\mu}g$/ml) was similar to that of untreated control. Treatment with leaf or root extracts(200 ${\mu}g$/ml) decreased the in vitro tyrosinase activity to about 65% of that in untreated control. Similarly, the intracellular tyrosinase activity of B16 cells decreased in a concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the melanin synthesis of B16 cells decreased by the two extracts in a concentration dependent manner. However, the extracts did not change the level of tyrosinase mRNA, as determined by RT-PCR. These results demonstrated that the Rosa multiflora extracts inhibit the tyrosinase dependent melanin biosynthesis, and therefore, are candidates for skin-whitening agents.

Free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory and melannin synthesis inhibitory activities of Gloeostereum incarnatum (느릅나무버섯 자실체의 메탄올과 열수추출물의 항산화, 항염증 및 멜라닌 생성저해 활성)

  • Kwon, Ye Ju;Kim, Mi-Hyeon;Choi, Jae Soon;Lee, Tae Soo
    • Journal of Mushroom
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    • v.12 no.2
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    • pp.107-116
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    • 2014
  • Gloeostereum incarnatum is an edible and medicinal mushroom belongs to Family Cyphellaceae of Polyporales, Basidiomycota. The purpose of this study was to investigate the free radical scavenging, anti-inflammatory, and melanin synthesis inhibitory activities of fruiting bodies of Gloeostereum incarnatum. In the free radical scavenging activities, the mushroom extracts showed good 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging and chelating activity on the ferrous ions compared with the positive control, BHT. The mushroom extract suppressed nitric oxide (NO) production in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 macrophage cells in dose dependant manners. Significant reduction of paw edema of rats were observed at 2~6 h after administration with 50 mg/kg of the methanol and hot-water extracts, which were comparable with treatment of 5 mg/kg of indomethacin, the positive control. The melanin synthesis of Melanoma B16/F10 cells treated with $100{\mu}g/mL$ of the methanol and hot water extracts decreased melanin concentration to 50% and 45% compared with the control, arbutin. Therefore, the experimental results showed that methanol and hot-water extracts of Gloeostereum incarnatum fruiting bodies might be used for good sources of anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, and skin whitening agents for human health.

Effect of Medicinal Herb Prepared through Traditional Antidiabetic Prescription on α-Glucosidase Activity and Evaluation Method for Anti-Melanogenesis Agents Using α-Glucosidase Activity (당뇨 처방에 근거한 생약재의 α-Glucosidase 활성 저해 효과 및 이를 활용한 미백 소재 평가법)

  • Kim, Mi Jin;Im, Kyung Ran;Yoon, Kyung-Sup
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.44 no.7
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    • pp.993-999
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    • 2015
  • For the purpose of investigating the in vitro antidiabetic activity of a medicinal herb and herb mixture extracts prepared through traditional antidiabetic prescription, this study examined ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitory activity. Tyrosinase, a type I membrane glycoprotein, is synthesized and glycosylated in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and Golgi. The enzyme is subsequently transported to melanosomes, where it participates in melanogenesis. Previous studies showed that disruption of early ER N-glycan processing by an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor suppresses tyrosinase enzymatic activity and melanogenesis. According to the results, most oriental medicinal herbal extracts were stronger than acarbose and N-butyldeoxynojirimycin, known as an ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibitor. Interestingly, ethyl acetate layer of enzyme hydrolyzed Cheongsimyeonjaeum had an inhibitory effect on melanin synthesis in B16F1 cells, although it did not inhibit tyrosinase activity directly. Together, ${\alpha}$-glucosidase inhibition activity could be used to evaluate anti-melanogenesis, although cross-checking with melanin inhibitory assay is recommended.

Antioxidative and Biological Activities of Santalum album Extracts by Extracting Methods (추출방법에 따른 백단향의 항산화 및 생리활성)

  • Kim, Tae-Hoon
    • Food Science and Preservation
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    • v.15 no.3
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    • pp.456-460
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    • 2008
  • Santalum album has been used as a folk medicine for treatment of skin diseases, inflammation, gonorrhea, gleet, and cystitis in India and other Asian countries. In a search for possible bioactive agents from natural sources, we found that the various solvent extracts of S. album showed significant antioxidative effect in 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging activity test and moderate other biological functions submitted to the several bioassay systems for whitening and cytotoxicity evaluations. Among the tested extracts displayed DPPH radical scavenging activity, and the 70% acetone extract showed the most potent activity with an $IC_{50}$ value of $18.6\;{\mu}g/ml$, more potent than a positive control, L-ascorbic acid ($IC_{50}$, $28.7\;{\mu}g/mL$). Also, anti-lipid peroxidation, tyrosinase inhibitory, and cytotoxic effects were determined in each experiment. Total phenolic content of 70% acetone extract was found to be 117.1 mg equivalent of gallic acid per g of extract. Previous phytochemical investigation reveals the presence of phenolic compounds. The results indicate that S. album possess potential antioxidant activity and phenolic constituents are responsible for this capacity.

Effects of Hizikia fusiforme Fractions on Melanin Synthesis in B16F10 Melanoma Cells (톳 분획물이 B16F10 흑색종 세포에서의 멜라닌합성에 미치는 영향 연구)

  • Choi, Eun Ok;Kim, Hyang Suk;Han, Min Ho;Choi, Yung Hyun;Park, Cheol;Kim, Byung Woo;Hwang, Hye Jin
    • Journal of Life Science
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    • v.23 no.12
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    • pp.1495-1500
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    • 2013
  • The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-melanogenic effects of Hizikia fusiforme (HF) fractions in ${\alpha}$-melanocyte stimulating hormone-induced B16F10 mouse melanoma cells. Ethanol extractions of Hizikia fusiforme (EEHF) were subjected to fraction by using dichloromethane (CFHF), ethyl acetate (EAFHF), butanol (BFHF), and water (WFHF). EEHF, CFHF, and EAFHF inhibited tyrosinase activity and melanin synthesis in B16F10 mouse melanoma cells in a dose-dependent manner. The melanin contents were inhibited by 40.5% and 33.2% in response to treatment with 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of EEHF and CFHF, respectively. In addition, tyrosinase activities showed a 53.3% and 54.1% reduction in treatment with 50 ${\mu}g/ml$ of EEHF and CFHF. Western blotting analysis showed that EEHF, CFHF, and EAFHF inhibited tyrosinase, TRP-1, TRP-2, and MITF expression in a dose-dependent manner. In conclusion, these findings indicate that ethanol and dichloromethane fractions of Hizikia fusiforme, which inhibit melanin synthesis and tyrosinase activity, are effective skin-whitening agents.