• Journal of Fisheries and Marine Sciences Education
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• v.28 no.2
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• pp.525-538
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• 2016

This study is to investigate the effect of the amusement factor and the motive of participation in skin-scuba class on the satisfaction with university life with the university students participating in the skin-scuba class and to provide the practical research data for the development of the marine sports, for the proper operation of skin-scuba class, and for the leisure life which the university students may lack. For these purposes, technical statistics between questions were disposed in order to grasp the average and standard deviation on each variables, exploratory factor analysis and reliability analysis were conducted for the reliability and validity of the scale, and correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis were conducted to test the casuality of amusement factor, the motive of participation in skin-scuba class and the satisfaction with university life as the research methods. Research results showed that it was confirmed that the amusement factor and the motive of participation in skin-scuba class act as the important variables in the satisfaction with university life and it was predicted that the motive of participation in skin-scuba class and the amusement factor had interrelation with parameter. Therefore, a variety of programs reflecting the amusement factors should motivate the university students to particiapte in the skin-scuba class to increase the satisfaction with university life and to encourage the re-participation of students.

• Journal of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine
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• v.18 no.6
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• pp.361-365
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• 2018

Background: Recently, we examined the effects of 2% lidocaine gel on the tactile sensory and pain thresholds of the face, tongue and hands of symptom-free individuals using quantitative sensory testing (QST); its effect was less on the skin of the face and hands than on the tongue. Consequently, instead of 2% lidocaine gel, we examined the effect of 8% lidocaine spray on the tactile sensory and pain thresholds of the skin of the face and hands of healthy volunteers. Methods: Using Semmes-Weinstein monofilaments, QST of the skin of the cheek and palm (thenar skin) was performed in 20 healthy volunteers. In each participant, two topical sprays were applied. On one side, 0.2 mL of 8% lidocaine pump spray was applied, and on the other side, 0.2 mL of saline pump spray was applied as control. In each participant, QST was performed before and 15 min after each application. Pain intensity was measured using a numeric rating scale (NRS). Results: Both the tactile detection threshold and filament-prick pain detection threshold of the cheek and thenar skin increased significantly after lidocaine application. A significant difference between the effect of lidocaine and saline applications was found on the filament-prick pain detection threshold only. NRS of the cheek skin and thenar skin decreased after application of lidocaine, and not after application of saline. Conclusion: The significant effect of applying an 8% lidocaine spray on the sensory and pain thresholds of the skin of the face and hands can be objectively scored using QST.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.104-112
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• 1999

The purpose of this study was to examine the proximity of cosmetic to self by self-efficacy. The scales used in this study include the scale of Sherer, Mercadante, Maddux, Rrentice-Dunn, Jacobs and Rogers(1982) for general and social self-efficacy, the scale of Ryckman, Roddins, Thorton, and Cantrell(1982) for physical self-efficacy, and the scale developed by the researcher for proximity of cosmetic to self. The subjects of this study were 885 adult women in Taegu. The data collected were analyzed by using MANOVA, ANOVA, and the Cronbach $\alpha$ reliability was also applied. The results of this study were summarized as follows: The persons with high general self-efficacy showed high degrees of joy of change in the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self, while there was no difference in social confidence, skin care, self-satisfaction and instrument of disguise between persons with high general self-efficacy and those with low general self-efficacy. In addition, the persons with high social self-efficacy showed high degree of social confidence, skin care, joy of change, self-satisfaction and instrument of disguise in the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self. And the persons With high physical self-efficacy had high degrees of joy of change and disguise. In the sub-factors of proximity of cosmetic to self, while there was no difference in the social confidence, skin care, self-satisfaction between persons with high physical self-efficacy and those With low physical self-efficacy.

• Korean Journal of Veterinary Research
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.389-394
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• 1996

This study was carried out to determine the causative agent of dermatophytosis in 7 horses, and to examine the skin mycofloras on 84 healthy and 7 diseased horses which were derived from Jae-ju and Kyonggi, Korea in 1994~1995. Specimens of hair and scale were collected from skin lesions(or normal skins) and inoculated directly on potato dextrose agar and mycobiotic agar. These agar plates were incubated at $25^{\circ}C$ for 2 weeks. Growing fungi were isolated and identified by the morphological and nutritional characteristics. Lesions were found on the hind legs of an infected horses and each lesion was round or oval(1~4 cm) in shape accompanied by severe itching. The causative agent of the 7 equine dermatophytosis was identified as Trichophyton equinum. The skin mycofloras were Penicillium(69.0%), Aspergillus(63.2%), Cladosporium(51.7%), Fusarium(31.0%), Mucor(28.7%), Absidia(18.4%), Alternaria(17.2%), Acremonium(11.5%), Paecilomyces and Phycomyces(6.9%), Rhizopus(5.6%), Trichoderma(4.6%), Scopulariopsis and Trichophyton(3.5%), Beauveria(2.3%), Tritiracheum, Sporothrix, Curvularla, Aureobasidium and Chaetomium(1.2%), and Yeast(27.6%).

• Proceedings of the Korean Geotechical Society Conference
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• 2005.03a
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• pp.89-98
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• 2005

Preliminary pile load tests for the design of large diameter drilled shaft were performed on two of reduced scale(D=1370mm) test piles. The maximum loads of 2350 tonf in each direction were applied using bi-directional hydraulic jacks(Osterberg Cell) at toe. Neither of the test piles yielded in terms of skin friction and end bearing. Comparisons of the test results with several methods that estimate pile capacity show that the method of Horvath and Kenney(1979) for skin friction and Zhang and Einstein(1998) for end bearing were most appropriate for the site. The test results were directly applied to pile design in case RQD of skin and toe was larger than that of the test pile. It is desirable, therefore, to consider not only unconfined compression strength but also rock mass properties(i.e. TCR, RQD) for skin friction and end bearing evaluation in the future.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.202-206
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• 2017

In this study, the hydrophobicity properties for riblet surfaces that replicate shark skin are simulated. Riblet surfaces with surface roughness on riblets are generated numerically based on the measured data of real shark skin. We assumed that a rib on a scale is hemi-elliptical surface. The surface used in the simulation for the calculation of contact angle is composed of 9 scales like checkerboard type with a roughness. The contact angle of a water droplet can be calculated using the Wenzel equation and Cassie-Baxter equation for the generated riblet surfaces. The variation of contact angles with a fractional depth of penetration for the generated shark skin surfaces without and with coatings is demonstrated in the condition of solid-air-water. The results show that the contact angle for the surface without coating decreases with an increase of the fractional depth of penetration more drastically than that for the surface with coating. We compared the experimental and simulated results. It is shown that the measured contact angles of the shark skin template and the shark skin replica are within the simulated results. Therefore the contact angle of water droplet for rough surfaces can be estimated by the developed numerical method in this study.

• Korean Journal of Human Ecology
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.253-263
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• 2003

The purposes of this study were to find out an evaluation scale that could predict wear comfort and to investigate the effect of the skin-contacting fiber type on the subjective sensation and microclimate. Sensorial evaluation was basically followed by the Human Perception Analysis (HPA) interviewing 144 consumers. Sixteen female subjects were participated in the sleeve wear test with and without wearing vapor permeable water repellent outerwear. Experimental sleeves were constructed using the same double knit by turning inside out to control other material effects except the skin-contacting fiber type, hence each different side of double knit, cotton side and the cotton/polypropylene blend side, was next to skin in each trial of the experiment. As results, it was noted that the term representing a combined feeling of thermal and wetness sensation, and muggy appeared to be a powerful language to measure perceptual responses of human subject among five dimensions of evaluation. although the ordinary users did not use the term very often. As for the comfort properties of double knits, it seemed that subjects slightly more preferred polypropylene/cotton blend to cotton as the skin-contacting fiber type when they wore outerwear and their skin were covered with sweat, although the result was rot statistically significant and need to be confirmed under higher work load.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.27 no.4
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• pp.339-344
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• 2014

Background: The diagnostic criteria of complex regional pain syndrome (CRPS) have mainly focused on dichotomous (yes/no) categorization, which makes it difficult to compare the inter-patient's condition and to evaluate the intra-patient's subtle severity over the course of time. To overcome this limitation, many efforts have been made to create laboratory methods or scoring systems to reflect the severity of CRPS; measurement of the skin temperature asymmetry is one of the former, and the CRPS severity score (CSS) is one of the latter. However, there has been no study on the correlations among the CSS, temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether there is any correlation between the CSS, skin temperature asymmetry and subjective pain score. Methods: Patients affected with CRPS in a unilateral limb were included in this study. After making a diagnosis of CRPS according to the Budapest criteria, the CSS and skin temperature difference between the affected and unaffected limb (${\Delta}T$) was measured in each patient. Finally, we conducted a correlation analysis among the CSS, ${\Delta}T$ and visual analogue scale (VAS) score of the patients. Results: A total of 42 patients were included in this study. There was no significant correlation between the ${\Delta}T$ and VAS score (Spearman's rho = 0.066, P = 0.677). Also, the CSS and VAS score showed no significant correlation (Spearman's rho = 0.163, P = 0.303). Conclusions: The ${\Delta}T$ and CSS do not seem to reflect the degree of subjective pain in CRPS patients.

• Composites Research
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.12-19
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• 2006

In this paper, conceptual structural design of the main wing for a small scale WIG(Wing in Ground Effect) among high speed ship projects, which will be a high speed maritime transportation system for the next generation in Rep. of Korea, was performed. The Carbon/Epoxy material was selected for the major structure, and the skin-spar with a foam sandwich structural type was adopted for improvement of lightness and structural stability. As a design procedure for the present study, firstly the design load was estimated through the critical flight load case study, and then flanges of the front and rear spars from major bending loads and the skin and the spar webs from shear loads were preliminarily sized using the netting rule and the rule of mixture. Stress analysis was performed by a commercial FEA code, NASTRAN. From the stress analysis results for the first designed wing structure, it was confirmed that the upper skin between the front spar and the rear spar was unstable fer the buckling. Therefore in order to solve this problem, a middle spar and the foam sandwich type structure at the skin and the web were added. After design modification, the structural safety and stability for the final design feature was confirmed. In addition to this, the insert bolt type structure with eight high strength bolts to fix the wing structure to the fuselage was adopted for easy assembly and removal as well as in consideration of more than 20 years fatigue life.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Costume
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• v.42
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• pp.25-42
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• 1999

This study aims to prove that the fact that minority races in the north-eastern region contributed sable skin to the Quing Dynasty might be related to Cho-Sun of King Muryong in the Warring states period because documents are available here and there. The Chinese had been using fur clothing since ancient times but we cannot find any mention that they had used sable skin. This fact shows that sable skin was not widely used because of its rarity. Cho-pi had been used in making costume on a large scale from the period of the Han Dynasty to the end of the Quing Dynasty. Cho-pi was very rare and it was used as a measure of bartering. China met the demand of cho-pi by the Cho-pi contributions of the frontier minority races. It might bwe that the high demand of Cho-pi in the Quing Dynasty forced minority races to contribute Cho-pi The documents concerning Cho-pi in the north-eastern region are of great importance not only to the history of costume but also to the history of ancient economy and national culture.