• Journal of Korean Society of Water and Wastewater
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.289-298
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• 2008

Because of their simplicity, efficiency, and economy, slow sand filters are appropriate means of water treatment for small water systems. Biological activity within the sand bed have the strongest influence on removal efficiency of pollutants by slow sand filtration. This report investigated the microorganisms(algae) of slow sand filtration pilot plant at Y water treatment plant. Data were collected at inflow and slow sand filtration from May to October, 2007. The results indicated that the light exposure was influenced on microorganism in slow sand filtration according to the formation of algal biofilm. The relative contribution of biomass and accumulated particulates to head loss development in slow sand filters requires further study.

• Journal of Radiation Industry
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.373-379
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• 2010

Cellulose, chitin, chitosan and hyaluronic acid are well known as polysaccharides. These polysaccharides have many effects on cell growth and differentiation. Cell activation increases with increasing the polysaccharides concentration. In this study, gelatin scaffold containing microorganism fermented cellulose, citrus gel were prepared by using irradiation technique. Physical properties of the scaffolds were investigated as a function of the concentrations of gelatin and citrus gel and the cell attachment, cell morphology and inflammation of the scaffolds also were characterized for regeneration of skin tissue.

• Advances in concrete construction
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.103-113
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• 2022

On the basis of fabrication, the utilization of nano material in numerous industrial and technological system, obtained the utmost significance in current decade. Therefore, the current investigation presents a theoretical disposition regarding the flow of electric conducting Williamson nanoliquid over a stretchable surface in the presence of the motile microorganism. The impact of thermal radiation and magnetic parameter are incorporated in the energy equation. The concentration field is modified by adding the influence of chemical reaction. Moreover, the splendid features of nanofluid are displayed by utilizing the thermophoresis and Brownian motion aspects. Compatible similarity transformation is imposed on the equations governing the problem to derive the dimensionless ordinary differential equations. The Homotopy analysis method has been implemented to find the analytic solution of the obtained differential equations. The implications of specific parameters on profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism density are investigated graphically. Moreover, coefficient of skin friction, Nusselt number, Sherwood number and density of motile number are clarified in tabular forms. It is revealed that thermal radiation, thermophoresis and Brownian motion parameters are very effective for improvement of heat transfer. The reported investigation can be used in improving the heat transfer appliances and systems of solar energy.

• Journal of Pharmacopuncture
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.15-22
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• 2013

Objective: Evaluations of the in-vitro anti-bacterial activities of aqueous extracts of Acacia catechu (L.F.)Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and Shilajita mumiyo against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) and gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) are reasonable since these ethnomedicinal plants have been used in Persian folk medicine for treating skin diseases, venereal diseases, respiratory problems and nervous disorders for ages. Methods: The well diffusion method (KB testing) with a concentration of $250{\mu}g/disc$ was used for evaluating the minimal inhibitory concentrations (MIC). Maximum synergistic effects of different combinations of components were also observed. Results: A particular combination of Acacia catechu (L.F.) Willd, Castanea sativa, Ephedra sinica stapf and shilajita mumiyo extracts possesses an outstanding anti-bacterial activity. It's inhibiting effect on microorganisms is significant when compared to the control group (P<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was the most sensitive microorganism. The highest anti-bacterial activity against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia) or gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumonia, Proteus mirabilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa) was exerted by formula number 2 (table 1). Conclusion: The results reveal the presence of anti-bacterial activities of Acacia catechu, Castanea sativa husk, Ephedra sp. and Mumiyo against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Synergistic effects in a combined formula, especially in formula number 2 (ASLAN$^{(R)}$) can lead to potential sources of new antiseptic agents for treatment of acute or chronic skin ulcers. These results considering the significant anti-bacterial effect of the present formulation, support ethnopharmacological uses against diarrheal and venereal diseases and demonstrate use of these plants to treat infectious diseases.

• Toxicological Research
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.229-235
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• 2006

Opuntia humifusa is a member of the Cactaceae family. In the present study, the antioxidant, nitric oxide(NO) inhibitory activities and potential irritation response of the fermented Opuntia humifusa cladodes(FOH) were investigated for cosmetic use. Antioxidant activities were tested using 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl(DPPH) and xanthine oxidase assay, we found that FOH could scavenge DPPH free radicals and inhibit xanthine oxidase activity in a dose dependent manner, with $IC_{50}$ of 2599.46${\mu}g/ml$ and 721.38${\mu}g/ml$, respectively. To investigate the possible anti-inflammatory effects of FOH, RAW 264.7 macrophages were pretreated with FOH($0{\sim}400{\mu}g/ml$) for 30 min and then treated with LPS for 24 h. We found that cell number did not vary significantly with the treatment of FOH, and FOH did not show any inhibitory effects on LPS-induced NO production. After application of FOH to rabbits for skin and eye irritation test, the experimental sites did not show any response compared to the control. FOH were considered to be a non-irritant to the skin and eye. Based on the above information, we suggest that FOH can be considered to be a non-irritant base cosmetic material for safely use.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.37 no.6
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• pp.1698-1705
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• 2020

Bacteria were collected from the thumb surface of the twenty young adults that are 20 to 25 years old and cultured on the Luria-Bertani agar. The 16S rDNA of the cultured bacteria was amplified by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and DNA sequence of the PCR products analyzed. Total 14 different bacterial species were identified by comparing their 16S rDNA sequence with the data in genbank. It appears that each individual has 2.5 different bacterial species in average. Staphylococcal species were the most abundant among the identified bacteria and Micrococcus luteus was the second. Staphylococcal species were isolated at similar frequency between male and female donors but Micrococcus luteus was isolated more frequently from female than male donors. The result obtained in this study might be useful in research of dermatic diseases, searching for new drugs for those diseases and development of new cosmetics.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.38 no.1
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• pp.83-89
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• 2012

Medicinal herbs have been shown to have protective functions for skin and hair. We investigated the effects of complex of soluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin and phytochemicals on the functions of skin and hair. In previous report, we evaluated the safety of supramolecules and found their anti-microbial effects and anti-fungal effect against Gram (+) and Malassezia furfur which is known to cause dandruff. Here we present that functional supramolecules-containing cream promotes the biological skin activity by inducing the collagen formation. And treatment of supramolecules-containing hair tonic increased the rate of hair growth of mouse. Taken together, supramolecular cosmetic compounds containing water insoluble phytochemicals and water soluble ${\beta}$-cyclodextrin exhibit the potential ability for hair growth promotion and delaying the aging of skin.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.223-229
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• 2009

The effects of 0.01%(w/v) chitosan-ascorbate(CA) and 10 ppm morea on the number of total microbes, Escherichia coli levels, and growth of food poisoning bacteria in dombaeki during storage at $10^{\circ}C$ over 6 days were investigated. Total microbes in meat, cartilage, and skin of untreated samples increased by 4.24, 3.81, and 2.20 logs compared to the zero timepoint, respectively, but, in CA-treated samples, counts fell by 2.66, 2.37, and 1.24 logs. Total microbial levels in morea-treated meat, cartilage, and skin showed similar tendencies but the effects were slightly less than seen in CA-treated samples. E. coli numbers in CA-treated meat, cartilage, and skin stored for 6 days decreased by 1.69, 1.25, and 1.52 logs respectively, compared with control samples. Morea-treated samples showed similar falls, but the effects were again slightly less than seen after CA-treatment. Both Salmonella and Vibrio parahaemolyticus were detected in untreated meat stored for 3 or 6 days. Food poisoning bacteria were found in both untreated and morea-treated samples stored over 6 days. However, no such bacteria were detected in CA-treated samples. Also, CA-treated meat, cartilage, and skin showed low degrees of degeneration. Thus, CA treatment enhanced shelf-life and dombaeki quality by inhibiting microorganism growth and tissue breakdown during storage.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.350-356
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• 2009

The objection of this research is to conform of practicable possibility and recycling of producing junk after citrus fruits is processed. In the middle of practicable possibility, with verification of antibiosis that tactiling sensibility in a microorganism. With extracting d-limonene oil that have 70${\sim}$90% a component of oil out of junk citrus peel, making certain the about 12000ppm(1.2%) concentration of it. By means of antibiosis property over the a pathogenic bacterium as well as a residence bacterium, considerating the limit of application against daily living supplies needs to antibiosis. Antibiosis effect of a stationing bacterium in the body permanently and by means of antibiosis verification of special bacteria Propionibacterium Acnes that causative skin trouble is selected, in based the antibiotic sencitivity test check up result of minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC).

• Preventive Nutrition and Food Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.96-100
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• 2001

Mixtures prepared from whole milk with added skin milk powder(2.5%, w/v) and Angelica keiskei juice (1.5%, w/v) were fermented with lactic acid bacteria (single and mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Strpetococcus thermophilus) for 24 hours. The fermented mixtures (curd yogurt) were evaluated for acid production (pH and titratable acidity), cell numbers, viscosity, sensory property and keeping quality. Results indicated that the addition of Angelica keiskei stimulated the acid production by lactic acid bacteria. The number of viable cells reached 4.5~7.3$\times$10$^{9}$ CFU/mL for Angelica keiskei-added yogurts, while 3.3~5.1$\times$10$^{9}$ CFU/mL for control yogurts. Viscosity of Angelica keiskei-added yogurts was higher (3,609~3,854 centipoises) than that of control yogurts(3,346~3,700 centipoises). Of the microorganism tested, mixed culture of Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus was most effective in acid production. The overall sensory score showed that Angelica keiskei yogurt fermented with Streptococcus thermophilus was evaluated as good as control yogurt. When yogurts were stored at 4$^{\circ}C$ for 12 days, pH, titratable acidity and viable cells of lactic acid bacteria were not significantly changed(p<0.05).