• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.8
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• pp.345-350
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• 2021

In the explosive development of the beauty industry, skin care workers are negatively affected by their health and work attitudes due to excessive work intensity or excessive working hours, so there is an urgent need to study the working environment and job psychology. To this end, hypotheses were established and the main effects on skin care workers' job efficacy and job satisfaction in connection with manual technique were analyzed. As a result of the study, in the effect of the skin care manual technique on the skin care professional's sense of job efficacy, the scrutiny method had a significant effect, and in the effect on job satisfaction, the flexible method, the gait method, and the vibration method had a significant effect. In the skin care room, research and development of in-depth manual technique according to the purpose and scope of application of the customer is necessary for the skin care professional's job efficacy and job satisfaction as well as customer satisfaction. It is expected that it will be used as a basic data.

• Korean Journal of Adult Nursing
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• v.25 no.6
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• pp.665-678
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• 2013

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to develop sleeve-type restraints and to compare the sleeve-type and conventional wrist restraints. Methods: Forty four pairs of intensive care unit (ICU) patients and their families participated in the experiment. The nurses applied sleeve-type restraints to the patients in the experimental group, and wrist restraints to the control group. The trained research assistant measured ROMs, skin temperature, edema, and skin lesions of both upper extremities (UEs) before, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the restraints applied. The emotional response of family was measured 72 hours after the restraints applied. Thirty one ICU nurses evaluated the efficiency of both types of restraints. Results: Compared to the control group, changes of ROMs, edema, and skin abrasions on both U/Es of the experimental group indicated a significant difference in physical side effects. The emotional response scores of the experimental group were significantly lower than those of the control group. The mean efficiency scores for the sleeve-type restraints were significantly higher than those for the wrist restraints. Conclusion: The results indicate that the sleeve-type restraints are better than wrist restraints with respect to physical side effects, emotional responses of family members, and application efficiency.

• Transactions of Materials Processing
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• v.14 no.8 s.80
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• pp.704-711
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• 2005

The influence of process parameters in drawn wire on residual stresses was investigated. Based on a FE-simulation of the wire drawing process, the effects of process parameters such as semi-die angle, reduction, friction coefficient and bearing length on the residual stresses were investigated. The validity of the FE-simulation results was verified by the comparison of the previous simulated results with experimental data. In this study, semi-die angle and die reduction have significant effect on the residual stresses at the surface of drawn wire. Several methods such as, addition of axial tension, application of skin pass, straightening in multi-roll straightener etc, were suggested in the previous studies to reduce the residual stresses. In this study, the results show that the concurrent application of skin pass with low die reduction and low semi-die angle at the final stage of drawing operation reduces dramatically the both axial and hoop residual stresses after drawing

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.25 no.3
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• pp.202-206
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• 2008

An 8-year-old, castrated male Shih-tzu was referred due to relapsing pododermatitis and generalized pruritus. On physical examination, right forepaw showed swelling and serosanguinous exudates from sinus tract on dorsal paw. There were no remarkable findings on complete blood count (CBC), serum chemistry, and radiologic examination. On cytological examination of exudates from sinus tract, phagocyted bacteria and numerous degenerative neutrophils were noted. Results of deep skin scraping and plucking hair examination were unremarkable. Skin biopsy was performed and ruled out other skin diseases. Histopathology showed epidermal hyperplasia and diffuse mononuclear cell inflammation in dermal layer. Moreover, pyogranulomatous inflammation was demonstrated in subcutaneous layer. This case was clinically diagnosed as pododermatitis secondary to atopic dermatitis (AD). Clinical signs of pododermatitis were gradually improved following topical application of tacrolimus 0.1% ointment. This case report describes that tacrolimus ointment can be applicable for the treatment of refractory pododermatitis.

• Archives of Pharmacal Research
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• v.18 no.4
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• pp.224-230
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• 1995

Recently, many attempts have been made to use hydrogels of various polymers as delivery systems of various drugs and bioactive materials to prolong and control their phamacological activities. In this study, we have evaluated the physico-chemical properties of methacrylic acid-methyacrylic acid methyl ester copolymer 9Eudispert mv)m a acrylic resin hydorgel, and its application to transdermal delivery system. In the dissolution tests, the release rate of salicylic acid (SA) and sodium salicylate (SOd. SA) were faster than lidocain (LD) and lidocain-HCl(LD-HCl). As the concentration of Eudispert mv polymer increased, the extensibility of Eudispert mu hydrogel decreased, whereas the swelling ratio increased. The more NaOH and polymer concentration increased, the more osmotic pressure linearly increased. The skin permeation of Sod. SA, an acidic model drug, was remarkably enhanced by Eudispert mv hydrogel. All fatty acids, except for Sod. glycolate, dramatically increased the skin permeation flux in Eudispert mu hydrogel containing LD-Hcl, a basic model drug. Consequently, it is suggested that Eudispert mv hydrogel may be used as potential transdermal delivery vehicle.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Precision Engineering Conference
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• 2005.10a
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• pp.834-837
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• 2005

This study presents a study on the influence of process parameters(semi-die angle, die reduction, friction condition, and bearing length) in drawn wire on residual stresses were investigated using FE-analysis. In this study, semi-die angle and die reduction have a significant effect on the residual stresses at the surface of drawn wire. In the previous study, in order to reduce the residual stresses, several methods were suggested: addition of axial tension, application of skin pass, straightening in multi-roll straightener etc. In this study, it can be known that the concurrent application of skin pass with low die reduction and low semi-die angle at the final stage of drawing operation reduces dramatically the both axial and hoop residual stresses after drawing.

• Journal of Fashion Business
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.51-62
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• 2021

This study evaluated the cosmetic effects of a far-infrared hot and cool mask (BBSkinplus) on face skin moisturization, whitening, and wrinkles using a randomized clinical trial. Forty female participants (mean age 47.7 ± 4.6 years) were allocated into the treatment group (BBSkinplus treatment and lotion application twice a day) or the control group (only lotion application twice a day), and moisture, brightness, and wrinkles were measured at 0, 1 and 2 weeks. The average values of each measurement were changed significantly by BBSkinplus treatment compared to the control group. At the 2-week treatment time point, the statistical differences in improvement rates between the two groups were significant at 8.7% vs. 3.9% for moisture (p < 0.01), 0.7% vs. 0.4% for brightness (p < 0.01), and -3.1% vs. 0.0% as Ra and -6.3% vs. 1.5% as R3z for wrinkles (p < 0.05), respectively. No notable complaint was reported regarding any kind of adverse effects such as erythema, itching, or burning. This clinical data support the potential of BBSkinplus as a home beauty device providing moisturizing, whitening, and anti-wrinkle effects on the face.

• Journal of Physiology & Pathology in Korean Medicine
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• v.36 no.1
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• pp.23-27
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• 2022

This study aims to evaluate the anti-inflammatory effect of 80% ethanol extracts of Stachys affinis (MQ) on 1-fluoro-2,4-Dinitrofluorobenzene (DNFB) induced atopic dermatitis (AD) in Balb/c mice. AD-like allergic contact dermatitis was induced by challenge of DNFB on the ear after DNFB sensitization on the back sides of mice. MQ alleivated clinical severity in AD-like skin lesions. In addition, ear thickness of epidermis and penetration of inflammatory cells in AD-like skin lesions were decreased by topical application of MQ. The the serum levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-4 (IL-4) were measured in AD mice using ELISA kits. Levels of TNF-α and IL-4 in serum were significantly decreased by topical application of MQ. Therefore, this study could give a clinical basis that MQ could be a agent to prevent AD.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.592-599
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• 2019

This study is to stabilize insoluble and unstable active ingredient which is Idebenone (INCI name: hydroxydecyl ubiquinone) in a multi-lamellar vesicle (MLV) and to stabilize it in the skin care cosmetics. Idebenone is good effective raw material in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease in the medical field and a powerful antioxidant in dermatology. It is well known as a substance that inhibits the formation of melanin and cleans the skin pigment. However, it did not dissolve in any solvent and it was difficult to apply in cosmetic applications. Niosome vesicle was able to develop a nano-particle by making a multi-layer of idebenone encapsulated with a nonionic surfactant, hydrogenated lecithin and glycine soja (soybean) sterols and passing it through a high pressure microfluidizer. Idebenone niosome vesicle (INV) has been developed to have the ability to dissolve transparently in water and to promote transdermal penetration. The appearance of the INV was a yellowish liquid having specific odor, and the particle size distribution of INV was about 10~80 nm. The pH was 5~8 (mean=6.8). This capsulation with idebenone was stored in a $45^{\circ}C$ incubator for 3 months and its stability was observed and quantitatively measured by HPLC. As a result, the stability of the sample encapsulated in the niosome vesicle (97.5%) was about 66.3% higher than that of the non-capsule sample of 32.5%. Idebenone 1% INV was used for the efficacy test and clinical trial evaluation as follows. The anti-oxidative activity of INV was 38.2%, which was superior to that of 12.8% tocopherol (control). The melanin-reducing effect of B16 melanoma cells was better than INV (17.4%) and Albutin (control) (9.6%). Pro-collagen synthesis rate was 128.2% for INV and 89.3% for tocopherol (control). The skin moisturizing effect was 15.5% better than the placebo sample. The elasticity effect was 9.7% better than the placebo sample. As an application field, INV containing 1% of idebenone is expected to be able to develop various functional cosmetic formulations such as skin toner, ampoule essence, cream, eye cream and sunblock cream. In addition, it is expected that this encapsulated material will be widely applicable to emulsifying agents for skin use in the pharmaceutical industry as well as the cosmetics industry.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.63-74
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• 2022

Objectives : Skin aging is generally characterized by wrinkles, sagging, loss of elasticity roughness, pigmentation and dryness. This changes is caused by reducing the elements constituting the extracellular matrix contributing to the physiological properties of the skin, such as collagen fiber, elastic fiber, and hyaluronic acid. Adequate skin hydration is important to maintain normal skin function and reduce skin aging. The present study is objective to observe skin moisturizing effects of Unripe apple(UA, Immature fruit of Malus pumila Mill) in vivo and its underlying molecular mechanisms. Methods : ICR mice were orally administerd UA(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) for 8 weeks, and skin water contents and the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)-𝛽1, ceramide, hyaluronan and collagen type I(COL1) were measured in dorsal back skin of the mice. Gene expression of hyaluronan synthase(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), collagen synthase(COL1A1, COL1A2) and TGF-𝛽1 were also determined by realtime RT-PCR. Results : Skin water contents and the expression of TGF-𝛽1, ceramide, COL1 and hyaluronan were significantly increased in UA group(100, 200 and 400mg/kg/day) compared to vehicle control. The mRNA expression of HAS isoform(HAS1, HAS2, HAS3), COL1A1, COL1A2, and TGF-𝛽1 were also significantly increased by UA. Conclusions : UA has skin moisturizing effects and enhancement activities in skin function related components(COL1, hyaluronan, ceramide and TGF-𝛽1). These results suggested that UA can be a developing candidate for developing alternative skin protective agent or functional food ingredient.