• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2002.07c
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• pp.1515-1518
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• 2002

This paper proposes an active contour model to detect facial regions in a given image. Accordingly we use the color information human faces which is represented by a skin color model. We evolve the active contour using the level set method which allows for cusps, corners, and automatic topological changes. Experimental results show the effectiveness of the proposed method.

• International Journal of Fuzzy Logic and Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.180-185
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• 2015

Digital infrared thermal imaging is a non-invasive adjunctive diagnostic technique that allows an examiner to visualize and quantify changes in skin surface temperature. The asymmetry of temperature differences between the diseased and the contralateral healthy body parts can be automatically analyzed and has been studied in many areas of medical science. In this paper, we propose a method for intelligent automatic asymmetry detection based on a K-means analysis and a YCbCr color model. The implemented software successfully visualizes an asymmetric distribution of colors with respect to the patients’ health status.

• Proceedings of the KAIS Fall Conference
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• 2012.05a
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• pp.182-186
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• 2012

human tyrosinase (hTyr) catalyzes first and the rate limiting step in the synthesis of polymerized pigment, melanin which determines skin, hair and eye colors. Mutation of hTyr often brings about decrease of melanin production and further albinism. Meanwhile, a number of cosmetic companies providing skincare products for woman in Asia-Pacific region have tried to develop inhibitors to bright skin color for several decades. In this study, we built a 3D structure by comparative modeling technique based on the crystal structure of tyrosinase from bacillus megaterium as a template to serve structural information of hTyr. According to our model and sequence analysis of type 3 copper protein family proteins, two copper atoms of active site located deep inside are coordinated with six strictly conserved histidine residues coming from four-helix-bundle. Cavity which accommodates substrates was like funnel shape of which entrance was wide and expose to solvent. In addition, protein-substrate and protein-inhibitor complex were modeled with the guide of van der waals surface generated by in house software. Our model suggested that only phenol group or its analogs can fill the binding site near nuclear copper center because inside of binding site has narrow shape relatively. In conclusion, the results of this study may provide helpful information for designing and screening new anti-melanogensis agents.

• Journal of Broadcast Engineering
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• v.13 no.6
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• pp.875-882
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• 2008

Ear detection in an image processing is the one of the important area in biometrics. In this paper we propose a human ear detection algorithm with side face images. First, we search a face candidate area in an input image by using skin-color model and try to find an ear area based on Haar-like feature. Then, to verity whether it is the ear area or not, we use the template which is excellent object classification compare to recognize the characters in the plate. In this experiment, the proposed method showed that the processing speed is improved by 60% than previous works and the detection success rate is 92%.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.15 no.7
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• pp.813-816
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• 2005

Ear detection is an important part of an non-invasive ear recognition system. In this paper we propose human ear detection from side face images. The proposed method is made by imitating the human recognition process using feature information and color information. First, we search face candidate area in an input image by using 'skin-color model' and try to find an ear area based on edge information. Then, to verify whether it is the ear area or not, we use the SVM (Support Vector Machine) based on a statistical theory. The method shows high detection ratio in indoors environment with stable illumination.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.16 no.9
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• pp.1044-1056
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• 2013

This paper presents an approach for detecting and measuring human skin pigmentation. In the proposed scheme, we extract a skin area by a GMM-EM clustering based skin color model that is estimated from the statistical analysis of training images and remove tiny noises through the morphology processing. A skin area is decomposed into two components of hemoglobin and melanin by an independent component analysis (ICA) algorithm. Then, we calculate the intensities of hemoglobin and melanin by using the projection transformed block coefficient and determine the existence of skin pigmentation according to the global and local distribution of two intensities. Furthermore, we measure the area and density of the detected skin pigmentation. Experimental results verified that our scheme can both detect the skin pigmentation and measure the quantity of that and also our scheme takes less time because of the location histogram.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.1827-1835
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• 2010

In this paper, facial feature areas in user picture are created by facial feature points extracted by ASM(Active Shape Model). In a existing virtual make-up application, users manually select a few features that are exactly. Users are uncomfortable with this method. We propose a virtual makeup application using ASM that does not require user input. In order to express a natural makeup, the modified alpha blendings for each cosmetic are used to blend skin color with cosmetic color. The Virtual makeup application was implemented to apply Foundation, Blush, Lip Stick, Lip Liner, Eye Pencil, Eye Liner and Eye Shadow.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.43-52
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• 1998

We extract a hand region by using color information, which is an important feature for human vision to distinguish objects. Because pixel values in images are changed according to the luminance and lighting source, it is difficult to extract a hand region exactly without previous knowledge. We generate a hand skin model at learning stage, and extract a hand region from images by using the model. We also use a Kalman filter to consider changes of pixel values in a hand skin model. A Kalman filter restricts a search area for extracting a hand region at next frame also. The validity of the proposed method is proved by implementing the hand-region acquisition module.

• Asian Pacific Journal of Cancer Prevention
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• v.13 no.10
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• pp.5011-5017
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• 2012

Background: Overexposure to sunlight in childhood and the adolescent period and associsated sunburns significantly increase the risk of skin cancer in adulthood. In Turkey, the incidence of skin cancer in the general population is 0.8%. The incidence is 0.6% and the mortality rate is 0.4% for men, while these rates are 1.0% and 0.7%, respectively, for women. If skin cancer is found early, its treatment is facilitated. Therefore, personal skin examination is important for early diagnosis. Objectives: Our aim was to determine the effects of training for raising consciousness among adolescents to protect against skin cancer by influencing skin self examination behavior. Method: This quasi experimental intervention study was conducted between February and April 2012 in Izmir. The study population consisted of students attending $6^{th}$, $7^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ classes of a primary school (n:302). No sampling was performed. Data were collected with a form developed by the researchers based on the literature. The first part of form is aimed to determine demographic characteristics of adolescents (3 questions) and their risk status of skin cancer (6 questions). The second part was prepared for skin cancer risks of adolescents (8 questions) and indications of skin cancer (12 questions). The last part was intended to determine their knowledge about skin self examination (4 questions) and behavioral stages of skin self examination (1 question). Data collection was achieved with a questionnaire form in three phases. In the 1st phase, data about demographic characteristics of students, risk status of skin cancer, knowledge level of skin cancer and behavior stages were collected. In the $2^{nd}$ phase, skin self examination training based on the transtheoretical model was performed within the same day just after obtaining preliminary data. In the $3^{rd}$ phase, adolescents were followed up three times to establish the efficacy of the training (on the $15^{th}$ day after training program and at end of the $1^{st}$ and $2^{nd}$ months). Follow-up data were evaluated by questioning skin self examination performing behavior stages through electronic mail. Results: Half of the adolescents (50.5%) are male, and 58.4% of them are 13 years old with a mean age of $12{\pm}1.15$ years. About 29.4% of adolescents had brown hair color, 37.9% had brown/hazel eye color, 29.4% had white skin, and 47.2% had fewer than 10 moles in their body. The pretest mean score on knowledge level about risks of skin cancer was found to be $4.19{\pm}1.96$, while the post-test mean score was $6.79{\pm}1.67$ (min:0, max:8).The pretest mean score about indications of skin cancer was $7.45{\pm}3.76$, while the post-test mean score was $10.7{\pm}2.60$ (min:0, max:12). The increases were statistically significant (p<0.05). The behavior "I do not perform skin self examination regularly in every month and I do not think to perform it in the next 6 months" was reduced from 52.8 to 35.5% after training. Conclusion: The training program organized to raise consciousness among adolescents for protection against skin cancer increased the knowledge level about risks and indications of skin cancer and it also improved the behavior of performing skin self examination.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 1998.10a
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• pp.765-767
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• 1998

Many application in human computer interaction(HCI) require tacking a human face and facial features. In this paper we propose efficient parallel processing system for face tracking under heterogeneous networked. To track a face in the video image we use the skin color information and connected components. In terms of parallelism we choose the master-slave model which has thread for each processes, master and slaves, The threads are responsible for real computation in each process. By placing queues between the threads we give flexibility of data flowing