• Journal of the Korean Institute of Oriental Medical Informatics
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.73-79
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• 2008

Objectives : We investigated the correlation of the skin color to blood circulation on the face of Korean female by noninvasive-skin measuring devices. Methods : Korean female(37.47${\pm}$3.66 years, n=36) aged 30-45 years were participated in this study. We measured the skin color of the face with Spectrophotometer CM2600d (Minolta, Japan) and the skin blood flow with Laser Doppler Imaging-Periscan PIM II (Perimed AB, Sweden). The skin color and blood circulation of three groups (30-35 years, 36-40 years, 41-45 years) divided on age were analyzed by paired-t test and regression analysis. Results : The L* values of the skin were decreased and the a* values were increased significantly with age. This means that the more age increase, the more the skin is dark and red. But the skin blood flow was not significantly different with age and skin color. Conclusions : In the oriental medicine, It was reported that the face of the female over 35 years is changed gradually haggard and the blood circulation is decreased. In our study, the blood circulation was not changed and the skin color was dark and red with increasing the age. We think this symptom resulted from the better nutrition than the past, the change of the blood-quality and this changes were too sensitive to be measured by Laser Doppler Imaging system.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.529-543
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• 2003

Real-time measurements of skin movement induced by air blown on the surface was measured with time. We investigated age-related changes in displacement of the skin surface on the face or the inner upper arm caused by air on 98 Japanese women volunteers aged from 10 to 70 years old. The maximum distance (the denting state) that the skin moved reached 2-5 mm within 10-15 msec on the cheek skin. After that, the skin generally recovered to the original state within 40-50 msec. The maximum speed of movement was 0.5 m/sec and the recovery speed was about 0.25 m/sec on the cheek skin. Significant changes with age were not observed in the denting state, but a significant correlation with age was observed in the recovery state. For example, the maximum recovery speed decreased significantly with age (p=-0.568, p<0.001) and the time required for recovery increased significantly with age (p=0.561, p<0.001). Although the inner upper arm also showed similar results to a cheek, a few parameters were different. This apparatus is a more practical macroscopic system for evaluating skin mechanical properties without contact. This apparatus is effective not only for measuring the mechanical properties of facial skin but also of body skin, such as swelling or sagging of body parts.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.41 no.4
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• pp.413-420
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• 2015

The skin is one of the largest organs in our body and participates in many of the human organism's physiological and pathological events. Skin function were known for self-maintenance and self-repair, mechanical and chemical stress protection, protection against UV and environmental pathogenic micro-organisms, production of vitamin D, and social and psychological function through the physical aspect. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variation of biophysical parameters and to find relation with skin biomarkers in different anatomical site and age in Korean women. About 70 healthy volunteers in age range 20 to 49 were participated in this test. Test areas were the forearms and the cheek. Investigation to determine biophysical parameters on human skin, was carried out using various non-invasive methods. For analysis to skin biomarkers, we studied to examine various biomarkers for the quantitative determination of cortisol, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, and 11, involucrin, and keratin-6 in human face and forearm. And we measured to skin biophysical parameters for skin anatomical site and age difference with non-invasive methods. As results of measuring site, some parameters were have following significant difference, stratum corneum hydration, trans epidermal water loss and skin color (L and a value). As results of age difference, skin colors were had only significant difference with age. For cortisol, keratin-6, fibronectin, keratin-1, 10, 11 contents, there were no significant difference in age and site. However, involucrin level in the cheeks were the highest for age group 30 ~ 39 compared to other age groups. These results suggest that in individual skin condition may explain detailed skin state variation.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.365-370
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• 2013

This study investigated the effect of dietary paprika on the skin coloration of red- and white-colored fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi, in two age groups: 0-age ($7.4{\pm}0.1$ g/fish) and 1-age ($164{\pm}2.9$ g/fish). Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0, 5, and 10% paprika (Con, P5 and P10, respectively). Three replicate groups of 0-age fish and two replicate groups of 1-age fish were fed one of the experimental diets for 9 weeks. Survival, weight gain, and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the dietary paprika level (P>0.05) at both fish sizes. The dietary paprika level influenced the redness ($a^*$), lightness ($L^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) of fish skin. The $L^*$ value of the skin of the fish fed the P5 and P10 diets tended to decrease with feeding period. The skin $a^*$ value of 0-age fish (small) fed the diets containing paprika increased significantly with feeding period and was higher than that of fish fed the control diet after 3 weeks (P<0.05). However, the $a^*$ value of 1-age fish (large) fed the diets containing paprika tended to increase slightly with feeding period. At the end of the experiment, the skin total carotenoid level was increased significantly in fish of both sizes fed the P5 and P10 diets compared to fish fed the control diet. Therefore, 5% paprika powder in the diet increases the skin redness of red- and white-colored fancy carp, especially in small fish.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.332-338
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• 2010

Usually, mage feature extraction methods are performed as a pre-processing step in many applications including image retrieval, object recognition, and image indexing. Especially, in the image texture analysis, texture feature extraction methods attempt to increase texture contrast to make it easier to extract the texture features from the image. One of the distinct textures in microscopic skin image is the wrinkle, and its features could provide various useful information for the age-related applications. In this paper, we propose a scheme to extract age-related features from the skin images and improve its accuracy in the skin age estimation.

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.147-153
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• 2021

Collagen hydrolysate (CH) is known to prevent skin aging by stimulating skin dermal fibroblasts to promote synthesis of extracellular matrix such as collagen and elastin. Recently, among the various factors that cause skin aging, advanced glycation end products (AGEs) have received particular attention. However, the effect of CH on AGE accumulation has not been studied. Since CH could affect AGE accumulation by promoting production of skin structural proteins, clinical trial was performed using low molecule collagen peptide (LMCP), which were CH containing 25% tripeptide and 4% Gly-Pro-Hyp. Skin autofluorescence (SAF) values were measured using an AGE reader to evaluate accumulation of AGE in skin. As a result of applying 0.5% and 1.0% LMCP solutions to the subject's forearm for 8 weeks, the SAF value at the test site significantly decreased compared to the control site. Additionally, in vitro test was performed using CCD-986sk to evaluate the promotion of collagen synthesis in skin fibroblasts by LMCP. As a result, 800 ㎍/mL of LMCP significantly increased synthesis of human pro-collagen Iα1 (COL1A1) in CCD-986sk. Through this study, we have confirmed that tropical LMCP applications can promote collagen synthesis to help anti-glycation effects, suggesting that LMCP has potential as an anti-aging cosmetic material.

• The Korean Journal of Community Living Science
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.55-64
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to examine the differences in skin temperature and thermal comfort of participants in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (the recommended room temperature in the winter) depending on age, sex and clothing weight. Subjects were divided into four groups (6 young males, 5 young females, 6 old males, 6 old females) and experimental trials consisted of three conditions: wearing underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19CUW), without underwear in a $19^\circ{C}$ room (19C), and without underwear in a $24^\circ{C}$ room (24C). The results indicated the following: 1) There were no significant differences in mean skin temperature based on age or sex, and the mean skin temperatures of the four groups were in the range of 32.4∼$34.0^\circ{C}$. 2) In the 19C condition, the skin temperatures of the hands and feet of old females were higher than those of the other three groups. 3) In terms of perceived thermal comfort, young females showed a tendency to feel the most uncomfortable. Both old and young groups agreed that the 24C condition was the most comfortable. 4) Relational coefficients between thermal comfort and skin temperatures were higher in the young group than in the old group. Furthermore, the perceived thermal comfort had a stronger relationship with mean skin temperatures than with local skin temperatures. 5) The mean skin temperatures of subjects who indicated they were 'comfortable' were in the range of 31∼$36^\circ{C}$ regardless of age or sex.

• Proceedings of the SCSK Conference
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• 2003.09b
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• pp.424-437
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• 2003

This study was observed the variations in skin color, hydration, sebum content according to age groups at the forehead, both cheeks, and chin in 154 healthy Korean women subjects with aged 30 to 59. We selected four face sites (forehead, right cheek, left cheek, and chin) and measured with chromameter, corneometer, and sebumeter. All statistical analysis was performed on the computer software package SPSS 8.0. There was no significant difference of lightness between facial four regions in age groups but lightness showed to tend to age-related decrease on each regions. Redness and yellowness showed the highest values on chin and forehead respectively but there was no tendency to steady changes according to age variation. Both cheeks showed the highest hydration level and the lowest sebum content compared with forehead and chin in all age groups and there was tendency to age-related changes of sebum content on both cheeks. So we concluded there was decreasing tendency in lightness and sebum content according to the increase of age and there was no age-related change of skin hydration level at least in facial skin.(omitted)

• Journal of the Society of Cosmetic Scientists of Korea
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• v.48 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2022

In this study, basic skin characteristics data were collected by measuring skin hydration, skin melanin, skin redness, and skin torsion elasticity from Korean women in from 20's to 40's ages, and then, age and correlation analysis were conducted. This was used to create a skin index, and cluster analysis was performed to classify the groups into 4 clusters, and the skin characteristics of each cluster were confirmed. Then, two prototypes were used for two weeks to confirm the improvement effect on skin moisture, skin redness, and skin dead mass reduction, and then analyzed which product was more effective in which cluster of subjects participated in the skin characteristics test. As a result of the study, the possibility of preparing for the customized cosmetics market was confirmed by applying the skin index and cluster analysis results to product efficacy evaluation.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
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• v.30 no.5 s.153
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• pp.684-698
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• 2006

This study consists of the stimuli of a female model in her twenties with twenty-two different facial make-up. The subjects of this study are one thousand low hundred ninety seven purposive sampled-male and female grown-ups throughout the country. The period of the research was the December of 2004, one month, and the materials were analyzed by factor analysis, T-examination, analysis of variance, Cronbach's a, Duncan's Multiple Range Test. Here follows the result of the research. Firstly, Familiarity, Intelligence, Fitness, Charm, Tradition and Youth were came out as the result of factor analysis of make-up color image perception. Secondly, in age/lip color perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In age/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm especially on Cool image make-up. Thirdly in habitant/lip color perception of dark skin tone, there was difference of Intelligence and Charm. In habitant/image make-up perception of bright skin tone, there was difference of Familiarity, Charm and of bright skin tone, Intelligence, Charm, Tradition and Youth. Fourthly, there were the interaction effects on the gender of perceivers and lip color and image make-up of perceivers habitant. Lastly, in preference rate, lip color was more affected by age and image make-up were more affected by perceivers habitant.