Browse > Article
http://dx.doi.org/10.5657/KFAS.2013.0365

Skin Pigmentation of 0-age and 1-age Red- and White-colored Fancy Carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi Fed Diets Containing Different Amounts of Paprika  

Kim, Yi-Oh (Department of Inland Fisheries Research Institute, Chungcheongbuk-do)
Bang, In Chul (Department of Life Science and Biotechnology, Soonchunhyang University)
Lee, Sang-Min (Department of Marine Bioscience and Technology, Gangneung-Wonju National University)
Publication Information
Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences / v.46, no.4, 2013 , pp. 365-370 More about this Journal
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of dietary paprika on the skin coloration of red- and white-colored fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi, in two age groups: 0-age ($7.4{\pm}0.1$ g/fish) and 1-age ($164{\pm}2.9$ g/fish). Three isonitrogenous diets were formulated to contain 0, 5, and 10% paprika (Con, P5 and P10, respectively). Three replicate groups of 0-age fish and two replicate groups of 1-age fish were fed one of the experimental diets for 9 weeks. Survival, weight gain, and feed efficiency were not significantly affected by the dietary paprika level (P>0.05) at both fish sizes. The dietary paprika level influenced the redness ($a^*$), lightness ($L^*$), and yellowness ($b^*$) of fish skin. The $L^*$ value of the skin of the fish fed the P5 and P10 diets tended to decrease with feeding period. The skin $a^*$ value of 0-age fish (small) fed the diets containing paprika increased significantly with feeding period and was higher than that of fish fed the control diet after 3 weeks (P<0.05). However, the $a^*$ value of 1-age fish (large) fed the diets containing paprika tended to increase slightly with feeding period. At the end of the experiment, the skin total carotenoid level was increased significantly in fish of both sizes fed the P5 and P10 diets compared to fish fed the control diet. Therefore, 5% paprika powder in the diet increases the skin redness of red- and white-colored fancy carp, especially in small fish.
Keywords
Red- and white-colored fancy carp; Paprika; Skin coloration; Feeding period; Fish size;
Citations & Related Records
Times Cited By KSCI : 2  (Citation Analysis)
연도 인용수 순위
1 Kim YO and Lee SM. 2012. Effects of dietary lipid and paprika levels on growth and skin pigmentation of red- and whitecolored fancy carp Cyprinus carpio var. koi. Kor J Fish Aquat Sci 45, 337-342.
2 Nandeesha MC, Gangadhara B, Varghese TJ and Keshavanath P. 1998. Effect of feeding Spirulina platensis on the growth, proximate composition and organoleptic quality of common carp, Cyprinus carpio L. Aquacult Res 29, 305-312.   DOI   ScienceOn
3 Rehulka J. 2000. Influence of astaxanthin on growth rate, condition, and some blood indices of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss. Aquaculture 190, 27-47.   DOI   ScienceOn
4 Segner H, Arend P, Poeppinghaussen KV and Schmidt H. 1989. The effect of feeding astaxanthin to Oreochromis niloticus and Colisala biosa on the histology of the liver. Aquaculture 79, 381-390.   DOI   ScienceOn
5 Skrede G. 1987. Rapid analysis in food processing and food control. Proceedings of the Fourth European Confererce on Food Chemistry, 1-4.
6 Storebakken T and No H. 1992. Pigmentation of rainbow trout. Aquaculture 100, 209-229.   DOI   ScienceOn
7 Torrissen O, Hardy R and Shearer K. 1989. Pigmentation of salmonids - carotenoid deposition and metabolism. Rev Aqua Sci 1, 209-225.
8 Wang YJ, Chien YH and Pan CH. 2006. Effects of dietary supplementation of carotenoids on survival; growth, pigmentation and antioxidant capacity of characins, Hyphessobrycon callistus. Aquaculture 261, 641-648.   DOI   ScienceOn
9 Amar EC, Kiron V, Satoh S and Watanabe T. 2001. Infiuence of various dietary synthetic carotenoids on bio-defence mechanism in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Res 32, 192-163.
10 AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists). 1995. Official Methods of Analysis, 16th edition. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, Arlington, Virginia, U.S.A.
11 Chien YH and Shiau WC. 2005. The effects of deitary supplementation of algaeand synthetic astaxanthin on body astaxanthin, survival, growth, and lowdissolved oxygen stress resistance of kuruma prawn, Marsuoenaeus japonicus Bate. J Exp Mar Biol Ecol 318, 201-211.   DOI   ScienceOn
12 Duncan DB. 1955. Multiple-range and multiple F tests. Biometrics 11, 1-42.   DOI   ScienceOn
13 Gouveia L and Rema P. 2005. Effect of microalgal concentration and temperature on ornamental goldfish (Carassius auratus) skin pigmentation. Aquacult Nutr 11, 19-23.   DOI   ScienceOn
14 Gouveia L, Rema P, Pereira O and Empis J. 2003. Colouring ornamental fish (Cyprinus carpio and Carassius auratus) with microalgal biomass. Aquacult Nutr 9, 123-129.   DOI   ScienceOn
15 Guillaume J, Kaushik S, Bergot P and Metailler R. 2001. Nutrition and feeding of fish and crustaceans. Springer Verlag, 183-196.
16 Hancz C, Magyary I, Molnar T, Sato S, Horn P and Taniguchi N. 2003. Evaluation of color intensity enhanced by paprika as feed additive in goldfish and koi carp using computerassisted image analysis. Fish Sci 69, 1158-1161.   DOI   ScienceOn
17 White DA, Moody AJ, Servata RD, Bowen J, Soutar C, Young AJ and Davies SJ. 2003. The degree of carotenoid esterification influences the absorption of astaxanthin in rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss (Walbaum). Aquacult Nutr 9, 247-251.   DOI   ScienceOn
18 Yuangsoi B, Jintasataporn O, Areechon N and Tabthipwon P. 2011. The pigmenting effect of different carotenoids on fancy carp (Cyprinus carpio). Aquacult Nutr 17, 306-316.   DOI   ScienceOn
19 Kim YO, Jo JY and Oh SY. 2008. Effects of dietary Spirulina, Chlorella, and Astaxanthin on the body color of Red- and White-colored carp, Cyprinus carpio. J Kor Fish Soc 41, 193-200.   과학기술학회마을   DOI   ScienceOn
20 Kalinowski CT, Robaina LE, Fernandez-Palacios H, Schuchardt D and Izquierdo MS. 2005. Effect of different carotenoid sources and their dietary levels on the red porgy (Pagrus pagrus) growth and skin colour. Aquaculture 244, 223-231.   DOI   ScienceOn