• Molecules and Cells
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• v.19 no.3
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• pp.402-407
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• 2005

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown potential for cardiac repair following myocardial injury, but this approach is limited by their poor viability after transplantation. To reduce cell loss after transplantation, we introduced the fibroblast growth factor-2 (FGF-2) gene ex vivo before transplantation. The isolated MSCs produced colonies with a fibroblast-like morphology in 2 weeks; over 95% expressed CD71, and 28% expressed the cardiomyocyte-specific transcription factor, Nkx2.5, as well as ${\alpha}$-skeletal actin, Nkx2.5, and GATA4. In hypoxic culture, the FGF-2-transfected MSCs (FGF-2-MSCs) secreted increased levels of FGF-2 and displayed a threefold increase in viability, as well as increased expression of the anti-apoptotic gene, Bcl2, and reduced DNA laddering. They had functional adrenergic receptors, like cardiomyocytes, and exposure to norepinephrine led to phosphorylation of ERK1/2. Viable cells persisted 4 weeks after implantation of $5.0{\times}10^5$ FGF-2-MSCs into infarcted myocardia. Expression of cardiac troponin T (CTn T) and a voltage-gated $Ca^{2+}$ channel (CaV2.1) increased, and new blood vessels formed. These data suggest that genetic modification of MSCs before transplantation could be useful for treating myocardial infarction and end-stage cardiac failure.

• BMB Reports
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.153-158
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• 2012

Geft is a guanine nucleotide exchange factor, which can specifically activate Rho family of small GTPase by catalyzing the exchange of bound GDP for GTP. Geft is highly expressed in the excitable tissue as heart and skeletal muscle and plays important roles in many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, migration, and cell fate decision. However, the in vivo role of Geft remains unknown. Here, we generated a Geft conditional knockout mouse by flanking exons 5-17 of Geft with loxP sites. Cre-mediated deletion of the Geft gene in heart using Mef2c-Cre transgenic mice resulted in a dramatic decrease of Geft expression. Geft knockout mice develop normally and exhibit no discernable phenotype, suggesting Geft is dispensable for the development of the second heart field in mouse. The Geft conditional knockout mouse will be a valuable genetic tool for uncovering the in vivo roles of Geft during development and in adult homeostasis.

• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.91-96
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• 2007

Cleidocranial dysplasia(CCD) is a congenital genetic disorder of skeletal and dental abnormality, which is mesodermal dysfunction influencing many tissues and organs, CCD was reported by Morand at first in 1766, And later, it was named cleidocranial dysostosis, cleidocranial dysplasia, Marie-sainton syndrome and mutational dysostosis. It is autosomal dominant disorder and there is no prevalence between man and woman. Until recent days, mutation of Runx2 in chromosome6p21 has known to be a main factor causing CCD. The specific clinical features of CCD are aplasia or hypoplasia of one or both clavicles and incomplete closing of fontanels and cranial sutures. Dental manifestations include retention of deciduous teeth, delayed eruption of permanent teeth, supernumerary teeth and cyst. Because there is no mental retardation and physical disability in CCD patients, they usually can not recognize their dental abnormality by the time of abolescence. So, after exfoliation of deciduous teeth, they usually live with edentulous status. It usually drives CCD patients to suffer from esthetic and functional problem. For this reason, CCD patients must be early diagnosed and improved in their appearance as well as masticatory function. So, surgical removal of supernumerary teeth and orthodontic eruption of the natural permanent teeth at adequate time is necessary.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.18 no.3
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• pp.515-527
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• 1996

The most serious problem resulting from estrogen deficiency induce osteo porosis. Recently, they make efforts to inquire a relation between hematopoietic organ and bone loss due to estrogen deficiency. Estrogen have an effect on growth and formation of skeletal system, and inhibit bone resorption under the influence of osteoblast and osteoclast, and basically inhibit the increase of hematopoietic progenitor and immune factor connected with bone resorption and prevent the osteoid formation. The purpose of this article was to observe the change of spleen and effect on hematopoietic function following estrogen administration. In this study, female rats of 150g weight was ovariectomized, after 70 days, experimental group was injected estrogen at interval of a week and sacrificed on 1, 2, 3, 4, 6 weeks. Control group was sacrificed after ovariectomy on 11, 12, 13, 14, 16 weeks without estrogen injection, and normal rats were sacrificed for harvest of spleen and femur. Paraffin sections and H&E stain was performed, and observed under light microscope. The obtained results were as follows. 1. From 11 to 12 weeks at bone marrow of control group, hematopoietic cells were decreased in comparison with normal group, and lipid infiltration was seen, and irregular bone remodelling was seen after 13 weeks. From 14 to 16 weeks, there were more decreased hematopoietic cells and lipid degeneration, and lipid degeneration of hematopoietic cells appeared. 2. All the bone marrow of experimental group, the structure of hematopoietic cells with decreased lipid infiltration was recovered from 2 weeks of estrogen adminstration and maintained to 6 weeks. 3. At spleen of control group, borders of white and red pulp was not well demarcated, and size of white pulp was decreased. 4. At spleen of experimental group, borders between white and red pulp have been well demarcated from 3 weeks of estrogen adminstration relatively, and white pulp was increased with distinct border. From above findings, we could regarded that estrogen deficiency due to ovariectomy influenced on hematopoietic cells of bone marrow and spleen, and histologic recovery of hematopoietic cells were observed after 3 weeks of estrogen adminstration even if it was not reach to normal group.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.56 no.1
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• pp.50-55
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• 2018

Occlusal disharmony is frequently observed among edentulous patients. When artificial teeth come into contact, the unfavorable displacing force may lead to the discomfort, mucosal trauma, or even neuromuscular alterations and emotional disturbances. An optimal occlusal scheme is a critical factor for successful complete dentures. For this case, an edentulous patient with significant interarch size discrepancy due to mandibular prognathism contributing to inadequate function of dentures was treated with complete dentures. The posterior cross-bite tooth setup for compensating the abnormal jaw relations provided a stable and retentive complete denture prosthesis, which was considered adequate by both patient and dentist.

• Korean Journal of Community Nutrition
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.52-62
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• 2006

This study was conducted to investigate dietary macronutrient and $VO_{2}$ by BMI The subjects consisted of 50 female college students. They were divided into three groups: Below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 9), BMI 18.5 - 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (n = 28), above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ (n = 13). Health-related questionnaires, dietary macronutrients, macronutrient compositions, food frequency questionnaires, body compositions and $VO_{2}$ were studied. Macronutrient compositions that macronutrient intakes were expressed by the percentage of daily energy intakes. There were significant differences in body fat, percent of body fat, and fat distribution by BMI Also, significantly increasing of basal metabolic rate (BMR) was shown by BMI, but BMR per body weight was decreased by BMI Overall, there were no significant differences in health-related questionnaires, food frequency questionnaires (FFQ), dietary macronutrients and $VO_{2}$ by BMI but salty taste preferences and carbohydrate intakes, FFQ of beans, white vegetables rand, yellow-green vegetables in the above BMI 23 g/$m^{2}$ group were significantly higher than other groups. There were no significant differences in macronutrient composition but the lipid composition of subjects was shown above $20\%$. Also, energy intakes of subjects were shown to be low; especially the below BMI 18.5 kg/$m^{2}$ group was very low ($55\%$ of RDA). Significantly positive correlation was found in BMR and body composition such as skeletal muscle & lean body mass, but significant correlation was not found in BMR and dietary macronutrients. Overall, researched energy metabolism factor was not different by BMI Only in the BMI 18.5 23 kg/$m^{2}$ (normal) group, significantly positive correlation was found in $VO_{2}$peak and body fat oxidation. Therefore, proper nutritional education for female college students is needed in order to improve their obesity-related health. Moreover, a nutritional survey method of finding diverse factors that affect their health should be developed to meet various needs.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.137-143
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• 2011

Purpose: Orthognathic surgery is required in patients with severe skeletal disharmony and facial asymmetry, which results in functional and esthetic improvement. Recently, bimaxillary surgery has become generalized. Establishment of the occlusal plane among several other factors included in the surgery plan is a major consideration for the diagnosis and treatment plan and it is also an important factor for postoperative stability. Methods: In this study, we assessed postoperative stability of occlusal plane, B-point, and pogonion point on 20 patients who underwent two-jaw surgery in the Chosun Dental Hospital from 2000 to 2007. Preoperative and postoperative states and at least a one year postoperative follow-up were compared. Results: The postsurgical relapse volume of the occlusal plane to the SN plane and the FH plane was $-0.26{\pm}2.8^{\circ}$ and $-0.44{\pm}3.29^{\circ}$, respectively and after two-jaw surgery, the stability of occlusal plane was maintained. The horizontal relapse degree was $0.85{\pm}0.46$ mm and $0.76{\pm}0.48$ mm, respectively, and the vertical relapse degree was $1.16{\pm}0.36$ mm and $1.13{\pm}0.71$ mm of the B point and the Pogonion point at the time after minimal 1 year. Conclusion: The vertical relapse amount was shown to be slightly larger than the horizontal relapse amount.

• Asian-Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences
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• v.23 no.7
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• pp.863-866
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• 2010

Myostatin, which is also known as growth and differentiation factor 8 (GDF8), has been reported to act as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle development. Variation in the myostatin gene (MSTN) has been associated with variation in muscularity in certain "meaty" sheep breeds. Polymerase Chain Reaction-Single Strand Conformational Polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) analysis was used to investigate allelic variation in the previously described g+6223G>A single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the 3' untranslated region (3' UTR) of MSTN. The sheep studied were 79 New Zealand (NZ) Romney lambs derived from a single sire heterozyous for g+6223G>A, which is in itself notable as this polymorphism has not been described previously in this breed. Allelic variation was observed to be associated with an abnormal gender ratio (p = 0.046) in the progeny. The presence of allele A was observed to have an effect (p<0.05) on birth weight, mean loin yield, proportion yield loin and total muscle yield. Allelic variation did not significantly affect mean shoulder yield, leg yield, proportion yield shoulder and proportion yield leg. This preliminary result suggests that while the A allele at MSTN g+6223 appears to improve some valuable traits in NZ Romney sheep, further research is required to understand if and how it may affect other traits.

• Nutrition Research and Practice
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• v.10 no.5
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• pp.494-500
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• 2016

BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES: Evidence indicates that berry anthocyanins are anti-atherogenic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory. However, berries differ vastly in their anthocyanin composition and thus potentially in their biological and metabolic effects. The present study compared hypolipidemic, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory properties of blueberry (BB), blackberry (BK), and blackcurrant (BC) in a diet-induced obesity (DIO) mouse model. MATERIALS/METHODS: Male C57BL/6J mice were fed a high fat (HF; 35% fat, w/w) control diet or a HF diet supplemented with freeze-dried 5% BB, 6.3% BK or 5.7% BC for 12 weeks (10 mice/group) to achieve the same total anthocyanin content in each diet. Plasma lipids, antioxidant status and pro-inflammatory cytokines were measured. The expression of genes involved in antioxidant defense, inflammation, and lipid metabolism was determined in the liver, epididymal adipose tissue, proximal intestine, and skeletal muscle. Histological analysis was performed to identify crown-like structure (CLS) in epididymal fat pads to determine macrophage infiltration. RESULTS: No differences were noted between the control and any berry-fed groups in plasma levels of liver enzymes, insulin, glucose, ferric reducing antioxidant power, superoxide dismutase, and tumor necrosis factor ${\alpha}$. However, BK significantly lowered plasma triglyceride compared with the HF control and other berries, whereas BC significantly reduced F4/80 mRNA and the number of CLS in the epididymal fat pad, indicative of less macrophage infiltration. CONCLUSIONS: The present study provides evidence that BB, BK and BC with varying anthocyanin composition differentially affect plasma lipids and adipose macrophage infiltration in DIO mice, but with no differences in their antioxidant capacity and anti-inflammatory potential.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.58 no.12
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• pp.478-483
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• 2015

Purpose: Information on the clinical features of lung abscess, which is uncommon in children, at hospitalization is helpful to anticipate the disease course and management. There is no report concerning lung abscess in Korean children. We aimed to identify the clinical characteristics of pediatric lung abscess and compare the difference between primary and secondary abscess groups. Methods: The medical records of 11 lung abscess patients (7 males and 4 females) from March 1998 to August 2011 at two university hospitals were retrospectively reviewed. The clinical characteristics, symptoms, underlying disease, laboratory and radiologic findings, microbiological results, and treatments were examined. Results: Six patients had underlying structural-related problems (e.g., skeletal anomalies). No immunologic or hematologic problem was recorded. The mean ages of the primary and secondary groups were 2.4 and 5.3 years, respectively, but the difference was not statistically significant. The mean length of hospital stay was similar in both groups (22.8 days vs. 21.4 days). Immunologic studies were performed in 3 patients; the results were within the normal range. Most patients had prominent leukocytosis. Seven and 4 patients had right and left lung abscess, respectively. Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and antimycoplasma antibodies were detected in both groups. Two patients with primary lung abscess were administered antibiotics in the absence of other procedures, while 8 underwent interventional procedures, including 5 with secondary abscess. Conclusion: The most common symptoms were fever and cough. All patients in the primary group were younger than 3 years. Structural problems were dominant. Most patients required interventional procedures and antibiotics.