• Journal of the Korean Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons
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• v.36 no.2
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• pp.94-99
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• 2010

The purpose of this study was to examine the soft tissue changes in skeletal class II patients after mandibular advancement by bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO). In Asian population, the incidence of skeletal class II malocclusion is lower than that of skeletal class III malocclusion unlike the caucasians. This study was conducted to figure out the ratio at which hard tissue and soft tissue changes after mandibular advancement by analyzing cephalograms of 13 patients that have undergone the mandibular advancement surgery. As a result, change ratios of Li, B', Pog' according to the movement of li, B, Pog were found to be 0.59, 1.06, 0.82. Also, vertical height of vermilion zone (Si-Vb) and lower lip and chin (Si-Me') were measured to evaluate vertical changes. Vermilion zone showed tendency to decrease by 1.02 mm on the average postoperatively, whereas vertical length of lower lip and chin showed tendency to increase by 3.57 mm on the average.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.211-216
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• 2011

To study the effects of ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis on the anti-oxidation and blood pressure and skeletal muscles contractility in rats. The ethanol extracts and fractions of Rhodiola Sachalinensis were determinated the anti-oxidation effects by DPPH(1,1-dipenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl) method and comparing with the BHA (Butylated hydroxyanisole) and AA(Ascorbic acid). The gastrocnemius and soleus muscle contractility were observed by stimulating the sciatic nerve with electricity after affusing stomach with ethanol extract of the 200 mg/kg dosage of Rhodiola Sachalinensis for 4 weeks. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis could shorten latent period, increase maximal contractive extent and time and relaxative time at the twitch and complete tetanus of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles. The ethanol extract of the Rhodiola Sachalinensis shows high anti-oxidation effect and can enhance skeletal muscles contractility in rats.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Physical Medicine
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.141-150
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• 2018

PURPOSE: This study was conducted to understand the adaptive responses of different modes of physical exercises utilizing skeletal muscle and the comprehensive relevance of AMPK signaling that can be activated by physical exercise as a potential molecular target in human health problems such as neuromuscular disorders (NMDs). METHODS: Most of the contents in this review article are based on recent publications concerning the main topics of interest. The reference literatures cited were obtained by basic searches of overseas academic databases such as PubMed and ScienceDirect using EndNote X7.8. RESULTS: The phenotypic adaptive responses of skeletal muscle during endurance- and resistance-based exercise training (ET and RT respectively) appear to be distinct. To explain the adaptive responses in each single mode of exercises (ET, RT) along with combined exercise training (CT), AMPK signaling is proposed as an important molecular link among those differential modes of exercise and a promising molecular target of NMDs. CONCLUSION: Based on the available evidence, intracellular AMPK signaling activated by diverse stimuli including physical exercise can be a potential and promising therapeutic target for the prevention, amelioration or cure of various human health problems including NMDs and may also be beneficial for physical rehabilitation and emergency situations that may elicit acute metabolic stresses.

• Steel and Composite Structures
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.93-112
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• 2017

Metaheuristic algorithms in general make use of uniform random numbers in their search for optimum designs. Levy Flight (LF) is a random walk consisting of a series of consecutive random steps. The use of LF instead of uniform random numbers improves the performance of metaheuristic algorithms. In this study, three discrete optimum design algorithms are developed for steel skeletal structures each of which is based on one of the recent metaheuristic algorithms. These are biogeography-based optimization (BBO), brain storm optimization (BSO), and artificial bee colony optimization (ABC) algorithms. The optimum design problem of steel skeletal structures is formulated considering LRFD-AISC code provisions and W-sections for frames members and pipe sections for truss members are selected from available section lists. The minimum weight of steel structures is taken as the objective function. The number of steel skeletal structures is designed by using the algorithms developed and effect of LF is investigated. It is noticed that use of LF results in up to 14% lighter optimum structures.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.435-438
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• 2008

The Cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal (COFS) syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by multiple abnormalities that involve the brain, face, eyes, and extremities. COFS syndrome is regarded as a degenerative disorder of the brain and spinal cord caused by a mutation of the DNA repair genes. We report on an 8-month-old girl with COFS syndrome who exhibited growth and developmental delay, hypotonia, microcephaly, nystagmus, cleft palate, widely separated nipples, inguinal hernia, camptodactyly, and rocker-bottom feet with vertical talus.

• Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.325-335
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• 2012

The present study characterized the fast skeletal myosin light chain-2 gene (mlc2f) in the euryhaline Javanese ricefish (Oryzias javanicus: Beloniformes). Coding nucleotide and deduced amino acid sequences of Javanese ricefish mlc2f were well conserved in the vertebrate lineage. Javanese ricefish mlc2f showed a typical seven-exon structure, and its promoter exhibited transcription factor binding motifs common to most muscle-specific genes. However, Javanese ricefish mlc2f also displayed tandem duplications of intronic sequences in both intron 1 and intron 3. Based on quantitative reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, the mlc2f transcripts were highly predominant in skeletal muscles of adults and were differentially modulated during embryonic development. Microinjection of the mlc2f promoter-driven red fluorescent protein (RFP) reporter construct successfully exhibited heterologous expression of the fluorescent reporter, primarily in muscular areas of hatchlings, although the distribution pattern of RFP signals was not uniform due to the mosaic nature of the introduced transgene. Data from this study indicate that the Javanese ricefish mlc2f gene has undergone "intra-intronic" duplication events in a species-specific manner and that the mlc2f regulator may also be useful in heterologous expression assays of the skeletal muscles of this species.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.59-69
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• 2001

Purpose : The purpose of the present study was to evaluate postoperative stability and soft-tissue osseous relations of the long face syndrome patients. Methods : Twenty-five patients who had undergone bimaxillary surgery to correct long face syndrome at the Pusan National University Hospital were evaluated. The lateral cephalograms of preoperative, 1 week postoperative and at least 1 year postoperative were examined. Results : 1. The facial height of the long face syndrome patients were longer than normal Korean adults. 2. The most common malocclusion type of the long face syndrome patients in Korea was class III. 3. Horizontal postoperative skeletal relapses were $-0.64{\sim}0.80mm$ in the maxilla, and $-0.56{\sim}0.48mm$ in the mandible. 4. Vertical postoperative skeletal relapses were $0.20{\sim}0.56mm$ in the maxilla, and $-0.80{\sim}0.20mm$ in the mandible. 5. Postoperative soft tissue changes in long face syndrome patients were correlated with postoperative skeletal changes. So prediction schemes for postoperative soft-tissue changes were obtainable. Conclusion : It is hard to predict the exact direction and quantity of the postoperative skeletal relapse in long face syndrome patient's orthognathic surgery because of large standard deviation. But soft tissue change is predictable via prediction scheme.

• Maxillofacial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
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• v.41
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• pp.8.1-8.6
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• 2019

Background: Resorbable devices have recently been adopted in the field of orthognathic surgery with controversies about their postoperative skeletal stability. Hence, we determined the long-term skeletal stability of unsintered hydroxyapatite/poly-ʟ-lactic acid (HA/PLLA) mesh for osteofixation of mandibular sagittal split ramus osteotomy (SSRO), and compared it with that of titanium miniplate. Methods: Patients were divided into resorbable mesh and titanium miniplate fixation groups. A comparative study of the change in the mandibular position was performed with preoperative, 1-day, 6-month, and 2-year postoperative lateral cephalograms. Results: At postoperative 6 months-compared with postoperative 1 day, point B (supra-mentale) was significantly displaced anteriorly in the titanium-fixation group. Moreover, at postoperative 2 years-compared with postoperative 6 months, point B was significantly displaced inferiorly in the titanium-fixation. However, the HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group did not show any significant change with respect to point B postoperatively. Conclusions: The HA/PLLA mesh-fixation group demonstrated superior long-term skeletal stability with respect to the position of mandible, when compared with the titanium-fixation group.

• Molecules and Cells
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.589-593
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• 2009

In this study, the roles of the p38 MAPK, ERK1/2 and JNK signaling pathway in IGF-I-induced AR induction and activation were examined. C2C12 cells were treated with IGF-I in the absence or presence of various inhibitors of p38 MAPK (SB203580), ERK1/2 (PD98059), and JNK (SP600125). Inhibition of the MAPK pathway with SB203580, PD98059, or SP600125 significantly decreased IGF-I-induced AR phosphorylation and total AR protein expression. IGF-I-induced nuclear fraction of total AR and phosphorylated AR were significantly inhibited by SB203580, PD98059, or SP600125. Furthermore, IGF-I-induced AR mRNA and skeletal ${\alpha}-actin$ mRNA were blocked by those inhibitors in dose-dependent manner. Confocal images showed that IGF-I-induced AR nuclear translocation from cytosol was significantly blocked by SB203580, PD98059, or SP600125, suggesting that the MAPK pathway regulates IGF-I-induced AR nuclear localization in skeletal muscle cells. The present results suggest that the MAPK pathways are required for the ligand-independent activation of AR by IGF-I in C2C12 skeletal muscle cells.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.15 no.1 s.68
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• pp.100-105
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• 2005

The lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27, LDH) inhibitors were isolated from the LDH-free crude mitochondrial fraction of skeletal muscle in Syrian hamster (Mesocricetus auratus) and Korean native cattle (Bos taurus coreanae). The LDH inhibitor in skeletal muscle of M. auratus was successfully isolated by the treatment with 175 mM NaCl and ultrasonic. The LDH inhibitor in skeletal muscle of B. taurus coreanae was highly stable to heat and LDH fu isozyme was largely inhibited by the LDH inhibitor. The molecular weight of inhibitor was 22 kDa. Inhibitor played an important role in the binding of LDH with the mitochondria in tissues of skeletal muscle, kidney and liver except heart.