• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2010.02a
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• pp.250-250
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• 2010

The random telegraph signal (RTS) for the NOR flash cell scaling is investigated. An innovative method to suppress the RTS, based on the device engineering, is proposed. By optimizing the channel doping profile and using the high-k tunnel dielectric, it is confirmed from three-dimensional (3-D) simulation, that the $V_{th}$ amplitude, dueto RTS, is significantly suppressed, from approximately 0.5 to 0.07 V in the middle of the channel at 45 nm NOR Flash technology. From this result, it is expected that the proposed method to suppress the RTS amplitude is essential for further cell size scaling in Flash memory.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.361-366
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• 2023

Apache Hadoop, a representative framework for distributed processing of big data, has the advantage of increasing cluster size up to thousands of nodes to improve parallel distributed processing performance. However, reducing the size of the cluster is limited to the extent of permanently decommissioning nodes with defects or degraded performance, so there are limitations to operate multiple nodes flexibly in small clusters. In this paper, we discuss the problems that occur when removing nodes from the Hadoop cluster and propose a dynamic down-scaling technique to manage the distributed cluster more flexibly. To do this, we design and implement a modified Hadoop system and interfaces to support dynamic down-scaling of the cluster which supports temporary pause of a node and reconnection of it when necessary, rather than decommissioning the node when removing a node from the Hadoop cluster. We have verified that effective downsizing can be performed without performance degradation based on experimental results.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.3 no.2 s.5
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• pp.276-284
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• 1999

In this paper, we propose a new technique which allows to store the pre-scaling constants directly in a table thus eliminating the cycle for computing pre-scaling constants. Especially we analyzed the range of pre-scalingconstants and rearranged them in a carry-save form using two look-up tables so that the size of the tables can be reduced significantly. The resulting scheme is compared with the previously developed method and shown to be effective with respect to area and time to implement the high-radix divider.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.65-68
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• 2001

RBFN has some problem that because the basis function isnt orthogonal to each others the number of used basis function goes to big. In this reason, the Wavelet Neural Network which uses the orthogonal basis function in the hidden node appears. In this paper, we propose the composition method of the actual function in hidden layer with the scaling function which can represent the region by which the several wavelet can be represented. In this method, we can decrease the size of the network with the pure several wavelet function. In addition to, when we determine the parameters of the scaling function we can process rough approximation and then the network becomes more stable. The other wavelets can be determined by the global solutions which is suitable for the suggested problem using the genetic algorithm and also, we use the back-propagation algorithm in the learning of the weights. In this step, we approximate the target function with fine tuning level. The complex neural network suggested in this paper is a new structure and important simultaneously in the point of handling the determination problem in the wavelet initialization.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.3 no.1
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• pp.3-6
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• 1993

Abstract We report the result of measurement for the ferro-to paramagnetic phase transition temperature shift of a gadolinium film. The phase transition temperature has been determined by measuring the resistance changes of film as function of temperature. At the ferro-to paramagnetic transition temperature, we can observe the inflection point of resistance changes. The phase transition temperature of 6600$\AA$ gadolinium film is found to be shifted by 4 $\pm$ 0.$3^{\circ}C$ below the transition temperature of bulk gadolinium. This is the first measurement for the phase transition temperature shift of ferromagnetic gadolinium film. This and further results might give a milestone in resolving the differences between experiments and finite-size scaling theory.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.4 no.3
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• pp.215-221
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• 2001

In this paper, we propose a algorithm that apply different weight-sampling values according to the directions of the contour to reduce errors that can arise in extracting the feature of an contoured object. Especially, it 8is designed to have invariant property under the circumstances like the rotation, transition and scaling. The output matrix of feature set is made through the size function of the proposed algorithm, and the euclidean distance between the output matrix and that of the original image is calculated. Experimental result shows that the proposed algorithm reduces the euclidean distance between the original image and the changed image-by 57% in rotation and by 91% in scaling.

• Biomaterials and Biomechanics in Bioengineering
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.9-20
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• 2019

Living beings are formed of advanced biological and mechanical systems which exist for millions of years. It is known that various animals and insects right from small ants to huge whales have different weight carrying capacities, which is generally expressed as a ratio of their own bodyweights i.e., Strength to Bodyweight Ratio (SBR). The puzzle is that when a rhinoceros beetle (scientific name: Dynastinae) can carry 850 times its own bodyweight, why a man cannot accomplish the same feat. There are intrinsic biological and mechanical reasons related to their capacities, as per biomechanics. Yet, there are underlining principles of engineering and structural mechanics which tend to solve this puzzle. The paper attempts to give a plausible answer for this puzzle through structural mechanics and experimental modeling techniques. It is based on the fact that smaller an animal or creature, it has larger value of weight lifting by self-weight ratio. The simple example of steel prism model discussed in this paper, show that smaller the physical model size, larger is its SBR value. To normalize this, the basic length of the model need to be considered and when multiplied with SBR, a constant is arrived. Hence, the aim of the research presented is to derive this constant on a pan-living being spectrum through size/scaling effect.

• The Journal of Economics, Marketing and Management
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.1-13
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• 2022

Purpose: The findings are expected to be used as basic data for policy establishment for systematic support and upbringing of small and medium-sized suppliers through the current status and characteristics of the industrial structure of the MRO consumable materials industry as a whole and the market trend. Research design, data, and methodology: This survey is conducted in 2019 mainly for companies that operate consumable materials delivery business, and the survey size is about 25,000 in advance (selected) and about 2,000 in the main survey. Using cluster analysis and multidimensional scaling, we derive the visualization of the homogeneous grouping of cases and the relationship structure between them. Results: Based on the attributes of reason for not having an online trading system, it is classified into three and four clusters for industry and company size, respectively, and the feature and pattern of each individual can be are relatively evaluated and visualized. Conclusions: Small and medium-sized consumable material suppliers specialize in products rather than fierce pricing strategies or external expansion strategies and it is more effective to establish a plan to promote the growth of both large and small enterprises through cooperation with large corporations.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SD
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• v.43 no.10 s.352
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• pp.90-96
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• 2006

A novel ${\Sigma}{\Delta}$ fractional-N PLL architecture for fast locking and fractional spur suppressing is proposed based on the capacitance scaling scheme. It changes the effective capacitance of loop filter (LF) by increasing and decreasing current to the capacitor via different paths with multiple charge pumps. The effective capacitance of loop filter (LF) can be scaled up/down depending on operating status while keeping LF capacitors small enough to be integrated into a single PLL chip. Fractional spurs suppressing have been achieved by reducing the magnitude of charge pump current when the PLL is in-lock without degrading fast locking characteristic. It has been simulated by HSPICE in a CMOS $0.35{\mu}m$ process, and shows flat locking time is less than $8{\mu}s$ with the small size of LF capacitors, 200pF and 17pF, and $2.8k{\Omega}$ resistor.

• The Journal of the Acoustical Society of Korea
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.1-9
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• 2009

This paper deals with the realization of multi-channel live karaoke. In this study, 6-channel MP3 decoding and tempo/key scaling was operated in real time by using the TMS320C6713 DSP, which is 32 bit floating-point DSP made by TI Co. The 6 channel consists of front L/R instrument, rear L/R instrument, melody, and woofer. In case of the 4 channel, rear L/R instrument can be replaced with drum L/R channel. And the final output data is generated as adjusted to a 5.1 channel speaker. The SOLA algorithm was applied for tempo scaling, and key scaling was done with interpolation and decimation in the time domain. Drum channel was excluded in key scaling by separating instruments into drums and non-drums, and in processing SOLA, high-quality tempo scaling was made possible by differentiating SOLA frame size, which was optimized for real-time process. The use of 6 channels allows the composition of various channels, and the multi-channel audio system of this study can be effectively applied at any place where live music is needed.